胃癌组织中Ki67、EGFR、p53阳性表达情况及其临床意义分析

目的探讨胃癌组织中Ki67、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、p53阳性表达情况及其临床意义。方法选取2017年9月至2019年8月在我院行手术治疗的胃癌患者90例,对其胃癌组织及癌旁组织的石蜡切片进行Ki67、EGFR、p53免疫组化染色,比较胃癌组织及癌旁组织中Ki67、EGFR、p53阳性表达率,并分析胃癌组织中Ki67、EGFR、p53阳性表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系。结果胃癌组织中Ki67、EGFR、p53阳性表达率均高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。在Ki67、EGFR、p53阳性表达率方面,胃癌Ⅲ~Ⅳ期高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期,高中分化高于低分化,肌层及浆膜层浸润高于黏膜及黏膜下层浸润,淋巴结转移高于无淋巴结转移(P<0.05);但在肿瘤位置、肿瘤直径及病理组织类型方面,胃癌组织中Ki67、EGFR、p53阳性表达率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论Ki67、EGFR、p53阳性表达与胃癌发生、进展关系密切,可将其作为判断胃癌恶性程度与发展的有效指标。     

p53,Ki67,GST-π和MDR-1在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及意义

目的 研究抑癌基因蛋白p53、细胞核增殖相关抗原Ki67、耐药基因谷胱甘肽S-转移酶-pi(GST-π)和多药耐药基因MDR-1在卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的表达,探讨其表达与卵巢癌临床病理参数及预后的相关性.方法 应用免疫组化法检测20例良性肿瘤,20例交界性肿瘤及108例卵巢上皮性癌的卵巢肿瘤组织p53、Ki67、GST-π和MDR-1的表达情况.结果 p53、Ki67、GST-π和MDR-1卵巢交界性肿瘤及上皮性癌中的阳性表达率明显高于良性肿瘤(P＜0.01),p53与Ki67之间、Ki67与GST-π之间相关系数差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).p53蛋白表达与卵巢癌组织分化程度相关系数差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Ki67与组织分化程度、病理类型及CA125水平相关系数差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),GST-π及MDR -1与卵巢癌临床病理参数相关系数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).p53阳性表达患者的无瘤生存时间及总生存时间明显低于p53阴性表达患者(P＜0.05),多因素回归显示p53阳性表达可作为预测卵巢癌无瘤生存预后的独立因素(P＜0.05).结论 p53、Ki67、GST-π和MDR-1蛋白阳性表达与卵巢癌的发生发展有密切关系,p53可作为预测卵巢癌预后的重要因素.     

抑癌基因DLC-1、p16蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 检测抑癌基因DLC-1、p16蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及分布特点,分析其与胃癌临床病理学特征及预后的关系.方法 采用手术切除的胃癌标本69例,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测胃癌组织、癌旁组织及正常胃组织的DLC-1、p16蛋白表达.结果 各病理类型胃癌组织DLC-1、p16蛋白均有不同程度表达降低或缺失.结论 DLC-1、p16蛋白在胃癌组织中表达缺失的改变与胃癌的发生、发展密切相关,检测DLC-1、p16蛋白表达可以作为辅助临床判断胃癌的生物学行为以及推测预后的指标.     

GSTM1基因多态性和p16表达与胃癌的研究

目前,癌的易感性问题已成为当前肿瘤研究的一个热点,Ⅱ相解毒酶基因谷胱甘肽转移酶亚型(GSTM1)作为谷胱甘肽S-转硫酶家族(glutathione S-transferases,GSTs)中的肿瘤易感的候选基因日趋引起人们的重视;而p16基因作为一个参与细胞周期调控的抑癌基因,其抑癌作用和在恶性肿瘤中的高频率突变,提示其参与了肿瘤的发生过程[1].胃癌作为多基因联合作用的细胞疾病,Ⅱ相解毒酶基因与抑癌基因在其中的作用关系引起关注.为此本研究通过PCR方法确定GSTM1基因多态性情况,探讨其对p16在胃癌组织中的表达是否有影响;同时,应用免疫组织化学方法观察p16基因产物在胃癌组织中的表达情况,并与癌旁组织和正常组织进行对比,旨在明确其在胃癌发生中的作用及其与胃癌生物学行为的关系.     

p53系列基因表达与宫颈病变恶性程度相关性的研究进展

宫颈癌是女性生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,其发生、发展一般要经过宫颈炎、不典型增生、原位癌到浸润癌。通过对宫颈癌癌变过程的大量相关性研究,认为宫颈癌的发生与多种癌基因参与有关,但其机制仍不十分清楚。近代肿瘤分子生物学研究发现,宫颈癌的发生、发展是由于致癌因子通过不同机制使原癌基因激活、抑癌基因失活,从而使细胞增殖和凋亡(apoptosis)失调所致,而细胞凋亡受多种癌基因与抑癌基因的调控。在众多的癌基因与抑癌基因的研究中,p53基因成为研究热点。现将p53系列基因表达与宫颈病变恶性程度的相关性研究进展综述如下。1p53基因p53…     

胃癌组织中bcl-2、Bax、p16和p53蛋白的表达和意义

目的探讨癌基因和抑癌基因产物bcl-2、Bax、p16、p53与胃癌发生的关系。方法用免疫组化法检测bcl-2、Bax、p16和p53产物在胃癌组织中的表达,取胃粘膜异型增生和肠上皮化生组织作为对照组。结果 bcl-2在胃癌和异型增生组织中的阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05),但是显著高于肠上皮化生(P<0.01);Bax、p16、p53在胃癌、异型增生和肠上皮化生组织中的表达有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论癌基因bcl-2可能参与胃癌的早期发生,抑癌基因Bax对bcl-2的功能有对抗调节作用;突变的p53基因通过抑制细胞凋亡而参与胃癌的发生,p16基因可能参与细胞增殖的负调节。     

转化生长因子-β及p53在胃癌中的相关研究进展

胃癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着人们的健康与生命.胃癌是一个多因素、多基因、多步骤的癌变过程,涉及大量相关基因结构和表达调控.其中癌基因激活或抑癌基因失活而导致的细胞增殖增强与凋亡抑制等起重要作用.抑癌基因p53与胃癌的发生、发展、浸润和转移密切相关.同样转化生长因子（TGF）-β在胃癌的发生、发展过程中也起重要作用,作为转移的重要刺激因子参与胃癌等恶性肿瘤的浸润、转移.我们主要探讨抑癌基因p53及TGF-β在胃癌发生、发展中的作用及其相关性,从而为判断预后、指导临床治疗提供依据.     

Rb2/p130与肿瘤研究

人类肿瘤的发生、发展与细胞内基因组的变化有密切关系。肿瘤的发生基础是基因的异常改变 ,包括抑癌基因的变异和丢失或者癌基因的激活。抑癌基因的确定必须具备条件之一就是相应正常组织内有正常表达 ,近年来关于肿瘤抑制基因的异常表达与肿瘤的关系已成为肿瘤分子生物学研究的热点问题之一。其中Rb2 / p130是人类新发现的参与细胞周期调节的抑癌基因 ,在多种肿瘤细胞的关系中广泛存在且高频率变异。本文主要就 p130与肿瘤的关系研究进展综述如下。1　Rb2 / p130基因的结构特点Rb基因是研究比较充分的抑癌基因之一 ,其表达产物为 pRb ,成…     

CK17、p16和Ki67在宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌中的表达及其与HPV感染的相关性分析

目的研究CK17、p16和Ki67在宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌中的表达,分析CK17、p16和Ki67的表达与HPV感染的相关性。方法选择2015年3月至2017年3月在本院接受诊治的55例宫颈上皮内瘤(对照组)和45例宫颈癌患者(观察组),采用免疫组织化学染色法检测CK17、p16和Ki67在各组中的表达情况,根据病理诊断标准,分析各组CK17、p16和Ki67的表达和HPV感染的相关性。结果从对照组、宫颈病变组到宫颈癌组p16、CK17及Ki67阳性表达率显著升高(P0.05),特别是宫颈癌组的p16和Ki67的阳性表达率高达100%,CK17的阳性表达率为87.10%。对照组的HPV感染率为15.38%,宫颈病变组为92.31%,而宫颈癌组为100%,明显高于对照组(P0.05)。p16、CK17及Ki67的表达与HPV的感染均显著相关(P0.05)。结论 p16、CK17及Ki67与HPV参与宫颈癌发病,且在宫颈癌发病过程中具有显著相关性。综合p16、CK17及Ki67的表达情况与HPV感染情况,有利于宫颈癌的诊断和治疗。     

MMP-2、Ki67在胃癌中的表达及与胃癌转移、增殖的关系

目的探讨胃癌及其癌旁正常组织中基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metalloproteinases-2,MMP-2)、Ki67的表达量及其相互关系。方法收集本院2013年6月—2015年6月68例胃癌标本,取胃癌组织做免疫组化,观察分析阳性细胞比例。采用χ2检验和Spearman等级相关性检验判断各组之间MMP-2和Ki67表达的差异及两者的相关性,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 MMP-2在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为79.41%(54/68),在正常胃组织中的阳性表达率为20.00%(4/20),阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ki67在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为63.24%(43/68),在正常胃组织中的阳性表达率为5.00%(1/20),阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。MMP-2蛋白表达与Ki67蛋白表达呈现正相关(r=0.449,P0.05)。结论 MMP-2、Ki67与胃癌的发生、转移及增殖相关,MMP-2与Ki67表达呈正相关,提示两者可能在胃癌发生、发展中起协同作用,MMP-2与Ki67可以作为胃癌早期诊断及预后判断的重要生物学指标。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.