住院患者对健康教育的需求及影响因素探讨

目的了解住院患者对健康教育护理干预的具体需求以及相关影响因素,以便对患者制定更有效的健康宣教方式并满足其合理需求。方法随机选取本院2018年收治住院患者200例相关资料进行归纳分析,为患者发放关于护理健康教育需求的调查问卷并整理其需求以及影响因素。结果在健康教育方面,患者存在不同程度和不同类型的需求,在自身疾病相关知识、自我护理知识方面有强烈需求患者所占比例更高(P<0.05);在教育方法方面,患者更倾向于选择双向交流教育方式。性别和健康教育需求无关联,年龄与健康教育需求呈现负相关联系。丧偶状态患者对健康教育需求相对较少。结论对住院患者健康教育需求造成影响的主要因素包括年龄、学历、职业、婚姻状态、疾病病情程度以及从业状态等,要根据不同需求合理调整健康教育方式和手段,保障患者的依从性。     

癫痫患儿家长有关知识状况和需求调查

目的　了解癫痫患儿家长对癫痫疾病护理相关知识的掌握及需求情况。方法　采取非随机方便取样选取 48位癫痫患儿家长 ,1 3名为父亲 ,3 5名为母亲 ,年龄在 2 2～ 40岁间 ,2 9 2 %为初中文化 ,2 9 2 %为高中文化 ,41 7%为大专及以上文化。以面对面访谈的方式对 48位患儿的家长进行调查。随机对 1 0名住院时间超过 2周的患儿家长进行健康教育。于患儿出院前 ,对 1 0名家长再次进行问卷调查。结果　癫痫患儿家长的平均知识掌握率为 71 3 6% ,半数以上的家长表示对癫痫相关知识有需求。癫痫相关知识知晓率与家长的教育水平成正相关 ,与家长的年龄成负相关。 1 0例接受健康教育的患儿家长出院前知晓率为 91 2 5 % ,明显高于入院时的知晓率。结论　癫痫患儿家长的知晓率需进一步提高。     

冠心病患者健康教育前后效果分析

冠心病已成为发达国家的首要死因 ,我国近几年有增加的趋势。健康教育可降低其发病率和病死率[1] 。本文旨在对冠心病患者健康教育前后的认知效果及其对行动的指导进行探讨 ,同时对护理人员在住院患者健康教育中的作用进行了探讨。对象与方法1 对象　 1 999年 4～ 6月在北京大学第一附属医院住院的冠心病患者 40例 ,男 2 5例 ,女 1 5例 ;年龄最大 77岁 ,最小 3 2岁 ,以 60～ 69岁患者为多 ,占 52 5% ,其次为 50～ 59岁 ,占 3 0 % ,平均年龄 59± 1 4岁 ;患者学历以本科为主 ,为 1 7例 ,占 42 5% ,高中学历1 5人 ,初中以下 8人。并同时…     

住院放疗患者健康教育需求调查

目的　探讨对放疗患者进行健康教育的最佳对策。方法　自行设计问卷 ,对 1 0 6例住院放疗患者进行健康教育需求的调查。结果　 90 0 %放疗患者入院时对了解自己的病情、治疗方法及结果强烈需要。80 0 %患者存在心理压力。放疗过程中 90 0 %以上患者对如何配合放疗及放疗负作用自我护理方式需求强烈 ,出院时对用药、复诊指导需求强烈的占 89 6%、 91 5 %。结论　应根据不同放疗阶段患者的需求特点 ,在全程系统教育的基础上制定出不同教育方案 ,针对性地对患者实施健康教育。     

人工流产妇女有关知识及健康教育需求调查

医疗机构在开展患者健康教育中 ,有医学知识和技术密集的独特优势。医院健康教育有助于患者自愿参与 ,积极配合 ,还能促进其疾病和心理健康 ,是提高生存质量的有效途径[1 ] 。1 999年 1～ 3月 ,云南省中医医院妇科对在门诊接受人工流产的妇女进行了健康教育常见知识及需求调查 ,旨在根据认识程度及需求提供相应的健康教育疗法。对象和方法1 调查对象　随机调查我院妇科门诊1 999年 1～ 3月份人工流产妇女 1 83例。年龄最大 5 6岁 ,最小 1 9岁 ;已婚 1 3 6人 ,未婚 47人。1 83例中 1 9～ 2 9岁者 1 1 7人 ,占 63 %。其中已婚者 70人 ,占 5 9…     

住院病人健康教育的需求调查

目的　为了解患者对健康教育的需求。方法　采用自己设计的问卷对住院 1周以上的全院各科的 5 0 0名患者实行不记名填写的方式进行调查。结果　 478份有效问卷中 :欢迎开展健康教育者占 97 5 %、用语言交谈方式开展教育者占 86 8%、教育时间控制在 15分钟内者占 5 9 6 %、选择提问解答方式占 5 2 9%、内容选择有针对性者占 47 9%、教育选在病情稳定时机者占 5 8 6 %。结论　健康教育有普遍需求 ,在病情稳定时开展有针对性、15分钟内、解答式教育深受欢迎     

孕妇健康知识需求状况调查

山东省莘县人民医院妇产科于2 0 0 3年1～1 2月对来院就诊的孕妇进行健康教育,并对接受健康教育前后孕妇健康知识需求及孕产期保健知识知晓率进行了问卷调查,结果如下。对象与方法1 对象　山东省莘县人民医院妇产科门诊及病房患者90 0人。年龄在2 2～3 8岁,孕2 0～3 9周。文化程度:大专以上1 5% ,中专及高中3 9% ,初中及以下46% ,多为初产妇。2 方法　在门诊和病房随机整群抽取患者,对其发放健康知识需求调查表及健康知识知晓率测试A卷各一份。收回A卷后,先进行群体健康教育,如看录像、讲座等,然后进行有针对性的个体健康咨询。进行健康…     

试论整体护理模式病房中的健康教育

健康教育是整体护理的重要组成部分。姜堰市中医院骨伤科创建整体护理模式病房以来 ,将健康教育贯穿在护理程序之中 ,收到了较好的效果。我科为骨伤科病区 ,床位 4 3张 ,收治病员中 ,老年病人占 60 % ,农村病人占 75% ,急诊手术病人占 36% ,长期卧床病人占 80 % ,平均住院 2 8日。针对住院病员中年龄结构的差距、文化层次的高低、病情轻重的不同以及长期卧床生活不能自理的特点 ,我们开展了整体护理创造了模式病房 ,注重了健康教育 ,满足了病人身心社会文化的需求。教育方法1 制定计划　组织专业知识扎实 ,临床经验丰富 ,知识面广的护理人…     

传染性非典型肺炎健康教育的探讨与对策

20 0 3年春季,我国局部地区发生了传染性非典型肺炎地流行,山东省东营市人民医院于2 0 0 3年4月对住院的460名患者预防“非典”相关知识进行了调查,现报告如下。对象与方法1 对象　住院患者460名,其中男2 3 6人,占5 1 3 % ,女2 2 4人,占48 7% ;年龄在1 2～72岁,中专以上文化程度1 8人,占3 91 % ;高中文化程度1 2 3人,占2 6 7% ;初中以下文化程度3 1 9人,占69 3 5 % ;农民2 86人,占62 1 7% ;干部3 5人,占7 61 % ;工人1 0 5人,占2 2 83 % ;教师2 0人,占4 3 5 % ;学生1 4人,占3 0 4%。2 方法　采用问卷调查法,内容包括传染性非典型肺炎…     

普外科住院患者健康教育需求分析

目的了解普外科住院患者对健康教育形式和内容的需求,为有针对性的开展健康教育提供依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,对普外科160例住院患者健康教育需求进行调查分析。结果 88.1%的患者认为有必要或非常有必要进行健康教育。患者对健康教育内容需求排名前3位的分别是病情及疾病相关知识（88.1%）、疾病的治疗方式（82.5%）和疾病的预后（79.4%）;患者对自我管理知识（36.9%）、运动知识（28.1%）、心理知识（21.2%）的健康教育需求较低。患者健康教育方式需求排名前3位的分别是医护人员的讲解、指导和示范（94.4%）,发放健康教育手册（87.5%）,以及相同疾病患者的经验介绍（86.3%）。结论普外科住院患者对健康教育不了解,应针对健康教育内容和方式需求,开展健康教育。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

Stress in the Norwegian police service

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.