中学生生活事件多维评定问卷的编制和信效度检验

目的编制中学生生活事件多维评定问卷,为广大青少年心理健康工作者提供适宜的研究工具。方法结合文献综述、半结构式访谈等方法编制问卷,在某市3 732名初一至高三的中学生中应用,同时运用《焦虑自评量表》和《抑郁自评量表》评定焦虑和抑郁症状。综合运用t检验、相关系数等8种统计学方法及专家评议对问卷进行项目分析,同时检验其信、效度。结果经过项目分析,最终形成5个维度43个条目的问卷。该问卷的重测信度、Cronbachα系数、分半信度分别为0.891,0.923和0.880;问卷具有良好的内容效度,与焦虑和抑郁自评得分的相关系数分别为0.435和0.512(P值均0.01);因子分析结果显示问卷模式与理论构想一致。结论中学生生活事件多维评定问卷可作为评价中学生生活事件的有效工具,但仍需进一步进行实证研究。     

初中生生活事件多维评定问卷的实证效度研究

探究初中生生活事件多维评定问卷的实证效度,为问卷的推广应用提供科学依据.方法 采用中学生生活事件多维评定问卷、儿童抑郁症状障碍自评量表、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、青少年学校生活满意度问卷,对绍兴市2所初中的3 197名学生进行问卷调查.采用Pearson相关系数法、t检验x2检验、多因素Logistic回归模型分析应激性生活事件与心理健康指标间的关联性.结果 绍兴市初中生应激性生活事件与抑郁、焦虑、学校生活满意度的相关系数分别为0.404,0.481,-0.468(P值均<0.01).学生抑郁焦虑症状的评分和阳性检出率均表现为应激水平高风险组高于低风险组,而学校生活满意度评分和检出率则是相反(P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高风险应激性生活事件是中学生抑郁、焦虑和学校生活不满意的危险因素,OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为3.258(2.738~ 3.876),5.352(4.400~6.511),3.414(2.851~4.088).结论 中学生生活事件多维评定问卷具有良好的实证效度,可作为评价中学生应激性生活事件的有效工具.     

Zung氏焦虑抑郁量表测评心血管内科住院患者的适用性分析

目的探讨Zung氏焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表测评心血管病住院患者的适用性。方法采用问卷对209例住院患者进行一般资料、焦虑和抑郁自评量表的调查,利用项目分析、相关分析、信度分析探讨两量表的适用性。结果调查对象中焦虑和抑郁的发生率分别为27.3%和34.0%。焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表的Cronbach’sα系数分别为0.803和0.814。焦虑自评量表中有4个条目与总标准分相关性低(r<0.4),抑郁自评量表中有8项条目与总标准分相关性低(r<0.4)。两个量表中分别有2项条目删除后Cronbach’sα系数增大。结论虽两个自评量表操作简便、易于掌握并被广泛应用,但本研究结果却证实两个自评量表对心血管病住院患者的焦虑和抑郁心理评估的适用性较差,应不用或慎用。     

青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷的编制及其信效度评价

编制适合我国使用的青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷,并对其信效度进行评价,为更好地了解我国青少年非自杀性自杀行为提供工具.方法 自行编制青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷.采用分层整群抽样方法,选取沈阳、郑州、南昌和深圳部分在校初、高中学生,共15 096人进行问卷调查.通过同质信度、分半信度、结构效度等评价问卷的信效度.选取合肥市某中学94名学生使用自残功能性评估问卷(Functional Assessment of Self-mutilation,FASM)作为校标问卷进行调查,考察问卷的效标关联效度.结果 青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷分为行为问卷(12个条目)和功能问卷(19个条目)2部分.行为问卷的Cronbachα系数为0.921,分半信度为0.851,重测信度为0.843,累计方差贡献率为64.914%,与校标问卷FASM行为维度得分的相关系数r=0.833(P<0.01).功能问卷总分的Cronbach α系数为0.905,分半信度为0.786,重测信度为0.805,累计方差贡献率为53.871%,与校标问卷FASM功能维度得分的相关系数r=0.859(P<0.01).结论 青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷具有较好的信效度,可作为我国青少年非自杀性自伤行为和功能的评定工具.     

青少年吸烟后果问卷中文版信度和效度分析

评价青少年吸烟后果问卷(ASCQ)中文译本的信、效度,为青少年吸烟行为的早期干预提供较为敏感的工具.方法 招募山东省东营地区初中、高中及中专学生共478名为研究对象进行ASCQ评定.计算Cronbach α系数评价量表内部一致性,计算2次测量相关系数考评重测信度;采用验证性因子分析考评结构效度,采用吸烟与非吸烟组量表得分比较及Logistic回归方法考评实证效度.结果 ASCQ总Cronbach α系数为0.87,7个维度Cronbach α系数在0.56~0.73之间;总分的重测信度相关系数为0.83;各维度重测相关系数在0.47~0.76之间.验证性因子分析结果显示该模型的GFI为0.94,NFI为0.92,CFI为0.91,TLI为0.91,x2/df为2.95,REMEA为0.06,各个指数均符合测量学标准;实证效度显示吸烟组总分及缓解负性情绪、味觉/感觉运动调节、缓解无聊、方便社会交际、控制体重维度得分均高于非吸烟组;负性社交印象、负性躯体感受维度分值则低于非吸烟组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 ASCQ中文译本1个维度重测信度略差,总量表及6个维度重测信度较好,且具有较好的结构效度和实证效度,可推荐使用该问卷筛查青少年学生吸烟问题.     

青少年亚健康多维评定问卷信度和效度评价

目的 评价青少年亚健康多维评定问卷的信度和效度.方法 整群抽取安徽省蚌埠市的中学生、大一-大三的大学生共7 104名.运用<青少年亚健康多维评定问卷>进行自我评定,计算Cronbaeh a系数和分半信度系数,采用因子分析评价结构效度;2周后对128名中学和大学生重测,计算重测相关系数;同时对85名学生运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、Comell医学指数(CMI)问卷进行自我评定,对亚健康问卷的效标关联效度进行评价.结果 量表的重测相关系数、Cronbaeh a系数、分半信度系数分别为0.868,0.957 6,0.942 0;以症状自评量表(SCL-90)、Comell医学指数(CMI)问卷作为效标.效标关联效度分别为0.636,0.649.结果 青少年亚健康多维评定问卷可信、有效、敏感,可以作为青少年亚健康状态的测评工具.     

中学生健康促进生活方式问卷中文版信效度分析

目的 检验健康促进生活方式问卷-Ⅱ版(Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile,HPLP -Ⅱ)的信度和效度,为儿童青少年生活方式的评价及健康促进提供新的手段和方法.方法 对哈尔滨市412名中学生进行施测,检验HPLP-Ⅱ的信度和效度.结果 采用因子分析考察其结构效度,共提取出6个因子,与英文原版及日文版HPLP-Ⅱ的各维度组成及问题划分一致,各问题条目可进行合理的归因与解释.全量表的Cronbach α系数为0.93(各分量表为0.63～0.82),全量表的分半信度系数为0.91,说明有较好的内部一致性;4周后重测相关系数为0.73(各分量表为0.60～0.81)(P值均＜0.01).饮食营养、体力活动、心理压力控制3个维度与生活方式自评量表中的饮食习惯、锻炼和体能、应激控制均呈显著相关,具有较好的效标效度.结论 HPLP-Ⅱ问卷用于描述中国儿童青少年健康促进生活方式有较好的信度和效度,符合心理测量学的要求.     

中学生危害健康行为与自尊及生活满意度关系研究

目的了解中学生危害健康行为与自尊及生活满意度之间的关系,研究高生活满意度和高自尊对青少年危害健康行为的保护作用.方法于2003年分别对合肥市1 900名城市中学生和1 227名农村中学生开展危害健康行为调查,运用Rosenberg自尊量表评定自尊,运用自编的生活满意度问卷评定主观生活满意度.以年龄、年级、性别、出生地、学校类别、父母文化程度以及学习成绩为协变量,运用Logistic回归模型分析生活满意度和自尊是否为中学生常见的12项危害健康行为独立的保护因素.结果与低生活满意度评分比较,中等和高主观生活满意度评分是12项危害健康行为的保护因素,且评分越高,其保护意义越大;中等和高自尊评分是自杀意念和无大强度运动的保护因素.结论提高自我意识对降低中学生危害健康行为的发生率有积极意义.     

山东省农村居民抑郁状况及量表评价

目的 了解山东省部分农村居民抑郁症状发生状况,评价抑郁自评量表(Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale.CES-D)在中国农村居民调查中的信度和效度.方法 选用CES-D抑郁量表、特质焦虑量表(Trait Anxiety Inventory,TAI)对341名农村居民抑郁发生状况进行评定.通过折半信度、克朗巴哈(Cronbach)α系数法以及条目一致性评价CES-D的信度.以TAI量表为效标,进行效标效度评价,通过因子分析进行结构效度评价.结果 山东省部分农村地区居民抑郁症状发生率为15.8%;CES-D抑郁量表折半信度为0.8875,折半相关系数为0.789;CES-D的Cronbach α系数为0.8991.每一条目去除后的α系数波动在0.890～0.898之间;CES-D各条目与总得分之间的相关系数波动在0.469～0.720;CES-D得分与TAI量表得分的相关系数为0.667(P＜0.001).主成分分析提取的3个因子可以解释总变异的51.97%.结论 山东省部分农村居民抑郁症状发生水平较高;CES-D抑郁量表有较高的信度和效度.可在农村居民心理卫生调查中应用.     

内地西藏班学生文化适应对心理健康的影响

目的 探讨内地西藏班学生文化适应与心理健康的关系,为相关人群的心理健康教育提供依据.方法 在河北省某西藏班随机抽取169名学生,采用文化适应问卷、自评抑郁量表、自评焦虑量表和青少年学校生活满意度评定问卷进行调查.结果 内地西藏班学生文化适应处于中等以上水平.文化适应存在性别、年级差异,女生得分显著高于男生；大专学生文化适应总分、对主流文化的认同、对学校教育的认同、汉语的熟悉程度均低于高中学生,呈现出随年级升高文化适应不断降低的趋势.内地西藏班学生文化适应与学校生活满意度、抑郁、焦虑情绪之间存在关联.结论 内地西藏班学生文化适应对心理健康有一定的预测作用.     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

骨钙素与儿童生长发育

骨钙素是成骨细胞分泌的骨蛋白 ,骨钙素水平与成骨细胞活性成正相关 ,是一项很好的反映骨形成与骨转化的生化指标。小儿骨生长发育有自身特点 ,骨钙素水平的改变类似儿童身高生长曲线 ,可以很好地应用于评价儿童生长发育及监测生长障碍患儿对治疗的反应     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

Cholesterol and Egg Intakes with Cardiometabolic and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese and Low-Income Black and White Americans

We examined the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among Chinese and low-income Black and White Americans. Included were 47,789 Blacks, 20,360 Whites, and 134,280 Chinese aged 40–79 years at enrollment. Multivariable Cox models with restricted cubic splines were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality outcomes using intakes of 150 mg cholesterol/day and 1 egg/week as the references. Cholesterol intake showed a nonlinear association with increased all-cause mortality and a linear association with increased cardiometabolic mortality among Black Americans: HRs (95% CIs) associated with 300 and 600 mg/day vs. 150 mg/day were 1.07 (1.03–1.11) and 1.13 (1.05–1.21) for all-cause mortality (P-linearity = 0.04, P-nonlinearity = 0.002, and P-overall < 0.001) and 1.10 (1.03–1.16) and 1.21 (1.08–1.36) for cardiometabolic mortality (P-linearity = 0.007, P-nonlinearity = 0.07, and P-overall = 0.005). Null associations with all-cause or cardiometabolic mortality were noted for White Americans (P-linearity ≥ 0.13, P-nonlinearity ≥ 0.06, and P-overall ≥ 0.05 for both). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed among Chinese: HR (95% CI) for 300 vs. 150 mg/day was 0.94 (0.92–0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.91 (0.87–0.95) for cardiometabolic mortality, but the inverse associations disappeared with cholesterol intake > 500 mg/day (P-linearity ≥ 0.12; P-nonlinearity ≤ 0.001; P-overall < 0.001 for both). Similarly, we observed a positive association of egg intake with all-cause mortality in Black Americans, but a null association in White Americans and a nonlinear inverse association in Chinese. In conclusion, the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality may differ across ethnicities who have different dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, residual confounding remains possible.