河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病学特征分析

目的 了解河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情特征及趋势,为下一步疫情防控提供参考。方法 采用描述流行病学方法,对2020年1月21日 - 2月29日河南省报告的新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊、疑似、阳性检测者进行统计分析。结果 截至2020年2月29日,河南省累计报告新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例1 272例,阳性检测者136例,死亡22例(均为确诊病例),病死率为1.73%（22/1 272）。其中重症和危重症占确诊病例的15.57%。疑似病例确诊率为19.31%（1 082/5 602）。发病呈现6个高峰,且峰值逐渐降低。重点防控地市为信阳市、南阳市、驻马店市、郑州市、商丘市,占全省确诊病例和阳性检测者的63.27%。波及全省147个县区（84.97%,147/173）,596个乡镇街道 (23.66%,596/2 519)。主要集中在25～59岁（76.02%）,人群普遍易感。职业以农民为主,其次为商业服务。早期以输入病例为主, 2月2日疫情处于高平台期,之后呈现下降趋势。结论 河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情已取得阶段性成效,根据人群普遍易感的特点,在复工复学、恢复生产活动中,仍存在暴发流行的风险,建议根据病例数、疾病严重程度、波及县区数等指标进行区域的风险等级划分,分级分类采取科学精准防控。     

河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情地区特点及防控分析

目的 了解河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情地区特点,分析防控细节差异,为下一步城市和农村疫情防控提供参考。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,对2020年1月21日—3月8日河南省报告的新型冠状病毒肺炎病例分地区、分城市和农村等进行统计分析。结果 截至2020年3月8日,河南省累计报告新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例1 272例,死亡22例。全省18个地市均有确诊病例报告,波及全省147个县区(84.97%,147/173),596个乡镇街道 (23.66%,596/2 519)。信阳市、南阳市、驻马店市、郑州市、商丘市报告病例数和聚集性事件较多,为重点防控地区。聚集性事件250起,以家庭聚集(占85.20%)为主,21.60%的事件未找到明确传染源,以商丘市、平顶山市、郑州市占比高。城市病例613例(占48.19%),郑州市、平顶山市等6地市城市病例占比高;输入病例629例(占49.45%),驻马店市、开封市等6地市输入病例占比高。按输入病例构成比分为三类进行分析,无论在城市和农村中,还是在聚集和散发病例中,输入与本地构成比差异均有统计学意义。结论 在总的防控策略不变的情况下,城市本身的居住、交通、商业往来等复杂特点,加之境外输入风险高,决定了需要采取更加精细化的防控措施;无症状感染者、轻症者难以被诊断和隔离,易造成传播,可开展血清学检测进行溯源和追踪接触者。     

信阳市新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病学特征分析

目的分析截至2020年2月24日信阳市报告的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病例的流行病学特征,了解其发病趋势,为疫情防控提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对信阳市新冠肺炎疫情数据进行分析,发病率差异的比较使用χ~2检验。结果截至2月24日,信阳市累计报告274例新冠肺炎确诊病例,累计发病率为4.25/10万。每日新增确诊和尚有疑似病例数呈先上升后下降的趋势,分别在2月4～5日和2月3日达到峰值。确诊病例数在1月25～26日达到高峰,之后缓慢下降。确诊病例累计发病率,罗山县(7.68/10万)和浉河区(7.19/10万)明显高于其他县区(χ~2=57.81,P0.001)。所有确诊病例中,输入病例134例(占48.91%),有武汉暴露史的占比由最高时的76.39%下降到11.76%;本地病例140例(占51.09%),占比逐渐从20.83%上升到76.47%。结论信阳市新冠肺炎疫情防控工作取得了阶段性成效,但后期疫情面临的形势依然严峻复杂,必须继续落实好村镇、社区、工作场所等为单位的新冠肺炎病例的发现和处置,防止疫情反弹。     

河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎家庭聚集性疫情流行特征

目的分析2020年1月23日—2月22日河南省报告的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)家庭聚集性疫情的流行特征,为COVID-19疫情防控提供依据。方法通过突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收集2020年1月23日—2月22日河南省报告的COVID-19家庭聚集性疫情资料,分析COVID-19家庭聚集性疫情的时间分布、地区分布、人群分布和病例临床特征。结果 2020年1月23日—2月22日河南省共报告COVID-19家庭聚集性疫情202起,累及病例546例,其中确诊病例493例,占90.29%;无症状感染者53例,占9.71%。输入病例247例,占45.24%;本地病例299例,占54.76%。1月25日—2月7日报告家庭聚集性疫情最多,129起占63.86%。2月5日前以输入病例为主,153例占57.09%;2月5日后以本地病例为主,168例占68.29%。18个省辖市均报告COVID-19家庭聚集性疫情,前五位为信阳市、郑州市、南阳市、驻马店市和商丘市。确诊病例以轻症为主,430例占87.22%。潜伏期最长为17 d,中位数为8 d。以一代和二代病例为主,537例占98.35%。排查密切接触者5 635人,其中262例为续发病例,罹患率为4.65%。家庭聚集性疫情的首发病例有外省旅居史149起,占73.76%。结论 1月23日—2月22日河南省COVID-19家庭聚集性疫情时间集中于1月25日—2月7日,首发病例多有外省旅居史,病例潜伏期较长,以一代和二代病例为主,密切接触者罹患率较高。     

河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情传播动力学研究

  目的   通过构建河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)早期传播动力学模型, 研究疫情流行趋势, 为疫情防控提供依据。   方法   收集河南省2019年1月21日至2020年2月23日河南省卫生健康委员会公布的疫情数据和河南省统计年鉴中的人口数据, 对COVID-19进行描述性流行病学分析, 采用MATLAB 7.0软件构建传播动力学SEIR模型, 分析河南省COVID-19流行趋势。   结果   截至2020年2月23日河南省累计报告COVID-19确诊病例1 271例, 报告发病率约为1.16/10万; 报告病例集中分布在信阳市、南阳市、郑州市和驻马店市。SEIR模型拟合显示, 河南省COVID-19的基础再生指数R₀平均约为2.41, 防控措施干预使得峰值降低55%, 高峰推迟3天。   结论   河南省COVID-19疫情前期增长较快, 采取防控措施后, 有效再生数逐渐降低, 疫情逐步得到控制。     

上海市宝山区新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者感染危险因素分析

目的 探讨上海市宝山区新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者感染的危险因素,以期对后续的预防与控制提供依据。 方法 根据宝山区疾病预防控制中心现场流行病学调查和医学观察得到的疫情和密切接触者资料,通过单因素分析及二分类logistic回归模型多因素分析的方法,得出密接接触者感染的风险因素。 结果 2020年1月19日—5月31日,宝山区共管理确诊病例密切接触者885例,最终19例确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎,感染率为2.15%。不同年龄组的密切接触者感染率差异有统计学意义(χ²=22.231,P＜0.001);与病例关系不同的密切接触者感染率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);与病例接触频率不同的密切接触者感染率差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确检验,P＜0.001);与病例接触地点不同的密切接触者感染率差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确检验,P＜0.001);与病例接触方式不同的密切接触者感染率差异有统计学意义(χ²=118.825,P＜0.001)。二分类logistic回归模型多因素分析显示:密切接触者与关联病例的接触方式为共同生活(OR=74.302,95%CI:16.694~330.697)、年龄增加(OR=2.112,95%CI:1.039~4.294)为其感染的危险因素。 结论 新冠肺炎病例的密切接触者管理过程中,与病例共同居住生活的、年龄高于60岁的密切接触者,为感染高危风险人群,需要重点防控。     

浙江省新型冠状病毒肺炎病例时空分布特征分析

目的分析浙江省新型冠状病毒肺炎的时空分布特征及其可能影响因素,为疫情的防控提供科学依据。方法收集浙江省新型冠状病毒肺炎病例个案信息,采用空间自相关分析其聚集性;采用空间回归方法,分析疫情分布与人口等社会因素的关联。结果 2020年1月1日—2月28日浙江省累计报告确诊病例1 205例,无症状感染者127例。11个地市均有病例报告,其中温州市、杭州市、宁波市和台州市报告病例数占全省总数的81.00%。全省本地病例与输入病例比为1.67∶1。全局空间自相关分析,Moran I指数为0.29,P=0.003,其中温州市和台州市的7个县(市、区)处于"高-高"聚集区。空间回归分析显示,研究因素"常住人口数"和"GDP"调整后R~2=0.545、0.535(P均0.01)。结论浙江省新型冠状病毒肺炎病例分布广泛,同时呈现明显的空间聚集性,浙东南的温州市和台州市部分县区呈现区域聚集。在疫情流行区域,城市人口规模、经济发展水平等社会因素与疫情发生存在正相关,其中人口因素对疫情的影响更大。今后的"健康城市"建设需要对传染病防控工作和卫生应急能力建设给予更多的重视。     

全国新型冠状病毒肺炎发病趋势初步分析

【目的】了解全国新型冠状病毒肺炎的发病特征,分析其发病趋势。【方法】收集全国2020年1月25日-2020年2月8日的新型冠状病毒肺炎的每日新增确诊病例,进行流行病学描述性分析。【结果】1月25日-2月8日期间,除湖北外每日新增确诊病例在2月3日出现高点,之后已连续5 d下降,从2月3日的890例下降到8日的509例。【结论】全国除湖北外30个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团新型冠状病毒肺炎的发病趋缓,但总体形势依然不容乐观。需要密切关注复工流动人口的来源地与去向以及各区的发病情况,并针对性地采取措施加强防控。     

2021年河南省驻马店市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情基因溯源

目的 对2021年河南省驻马店市发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情进行基因溯源分析,为制定精准的防控策略提供科学依据.方法 对2021年驻马店市发生的2例COVID-19病例的新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)阳性咽拭子样本进行高通量测序获得病毒全基因组,并构建全基因组序列系统进化(Neighbor-joi...     

辽宁省125例新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例流行病学特征分析

目的对辽宁省新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例特征进行描述与分析,为肺炎疫情防控提供理论依据。方法采集截至2020年3月6日24时辽宁省全部新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例的资料,分析其流行病学特征。结果共报告确诊病例125例,累计发病率0.287/10万。男性68例,女性57例,男女比例为1.19:1。中位年龄44岁,最大85岁,最小4岁。0～29岁者占16.80%,30～59岁者占62.40%,60岁以上者占20.80%。分布全省13个地市(92.9%)的49个县区(49.0%)。有湖北省(含武汉)旅居史者占44.8%,有除湖北省外省份旅居史者占19.2%,输入病例占多数。2月1日新增确诊病例数量最多(12例),随后开始下降,直至2月17—28日均无新增确诊病例。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎传播迅速,须重点关注,持续监测以防止疫情反弹。     

Performance, proficiency, and value of the dietetics professional: an update

The major focus of the plan is the possible professional development activities provided by the Association and used by members. Ultimately, the Plan offers the Association and members concise and doable tactics for addressing the number one member concern of compensation and benefits.All organizational units of ADA will examine opportunities for developing tools, gathering data, and exploring tactics to build on current programs that will close the gap between performance, proficiency, and value for the profession. Likewise, members are encouraged to use ADA resources, such as the PPV Plan’s tactics to build their professional development plans. Members should also consider investigating outside services or employer resources that compliment the opportunities that ADA offers.The following Professional Development Sessions are planned for the 2003 Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo in San Antonio (October 25–28).Saturday, October 25, 20035:00–7:00 pm—Live Up to Your Dreams: Opening Session Ross Keynote Address, Dot Richardson, MDSunday, October 26, 20038:30–10:00 am—Customer Satisfaction: Creating Demands for our Services8:30–10:00 am—ADA Forum for Students and New Professionals10:30–12:00 pm—Managing your Professional Development Portfolio1:30–3:00 pm—Adding Value Through Differences: Anyone Can Become a Leader3:30–5:00 pm—The Enterprising Dietitian: Building a Diabetes Business with RN Partners3:30–5:00 pm—Business and Communications: Career Opportunities for DietitiansMonday, October 27, 20038:00–9:30 am—Positive Attitude: The Key to Success in Nutrition and Dietetics12:30–1;30 pm—ADA’s Reality Show: Real Stories, Real Members, Real Prizes2:00–3:30 pm—Communications Seminar: How to Manage your Mouth4:00–5:30 pm—You can Have it all: Leadership and Life BalanceTuesday, October 28, 20038:00–9:30 am—Gain-Gain: A New Look at Salary Negotiation10:00 am–11:00 am—Negotiation Skills for Young Professionals10:00–11:00 am—Member Forum: How to Get Involved, ADA Needs You     

Hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users in Bavaria: risk factors for seropositivity

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is the most common disease among intravenous drug users (IDUs). Patients and method: All patients admitted to the detoxification unit 1991–1997 and meeting ICD-10 diagnosis of opioid dependency were tested for anti-HCV serology. Results: Thousand and forty nine patients were included in the study. About 61.3% of the IDUs were anti-HCV positive. Increasing age (PR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.34–1.60), living with a significant other drug user (PR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05–1.31), history of therapy (PR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.50–1.74), history of imprisonment (PR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36–1.61), history of emergency treatment (PR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12–1.35), additional daily consumption of benzodiazepines (PR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00–2.21) or alcohol (PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14–1.38), frequency of injecting heroin (daily: PR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78–0.96; previously: PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.26) and type of opioid dependency (methadone: PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13–1.41) were significant factors, considered as individual factors, for positive anti-HCV serology. Using multiple logistic regression we found that older age (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.30–9.67), longer duration of opioid use (OR: 5.74; 95% CI: 1.82–18.13), living with a significant other drug user (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01–2.16), history of therapy (OR: 4.87; 95% CI: 1.67–14.20), history of imprisonment (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.12–3.28), history of emergency treatment (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.06–1.99) and additional daily consumption of alcohol (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04–2.13) remained independently associated with positive anti-HCV serology. Conclusions: These data support the need for early prevention strategies, namely, education of teachers in schools and further training of counsellors informing IDUs of what they can do to minimise the risk of becoming infected or of transmitting infectious agents to others.     

Making IVF more effective through the evolution of prediction models: is prognosis the missing piece of the puzzle?

Assisted reproductive technology has evolved tremendously since the emergence of in vitro fertilization (IVF). In the course of the recent decade, there have been significant efforts in order to minimize multiple gestations, while improving percentages of singleton pregnancies and offering individualized services in IVF, in line with the trend of personalized medicine. Patients as well as clinicians and the entire IVF team benefit majorly from ‘knowing what to expect’ from an IVF cycle. Hereby, the question that has emerged is to what extent prognosis could facilitate toward the achievement of the above goal. In the current review, we present prediction models based on patients’ characteristics and IVF data, as well as models based on embryo morphology and biomarkers during culture shaping a complication free and cost-effective personalized treatment. The starting point for the implementation of prediction models was initiated by the aspiration of moving toward optimal practice. Thus, prediction models could serve as useful tools that could safely set the expectations involved during this journey guiding and making IVF treatment more effective. The aim and scope of this review is to thoroughly present the evolution and contribution of prediction models toward an efficient IVF treatment.

Abbreviations: IVF: In vitro fertilization; ART: assisted reproduction techniques; BMI: body mass index; OHSS: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; eSET: elective single embryo transfer; ESHRE: European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; nDNA: nuclear DNA; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; MBR: multiple birth rates; LBR: live birth rates; SART: Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System; AFC: antral follicle count; GnRH: gonadotrophin releasing hormone; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; AMH: anti-Müllerian hormone; DHEA: dehydroepiandrosterone; PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome; NPCOS: non-polycystic ovarian syndrome; CE: cost-effectiveness; CC: clomiphene citrate; ORT: ovarian reserve test; EU: embryo–uterus; DET: double embryo transfer; CES: Cumulative Embryo Score; GES: Graduated Embryo Score; CSS: Combined Scoring System; MSEQ: Mean Score of Embryo Quality; IMC: integrated morphology cleavage; EFNB2: ephrin-B2; CAMK1D: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1D; GSTA4: glutathione S-transferase alpha 4; GSR: glutathione reductase; PGR: progesterone receptor; AMHR2: anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; sHLA-G: soluble human leukocyte antigen G.     

女性压力性尿失禁发生的相关因素分析

目的: 调查城市社区女性压力性尿失禁发生的相关因素。方法: 随机对广州市越秀区人群1 047名进行问卷调查。调查项目包括年龄、职业、婚姻、月经史、产次、分娩方式、发生压力性尿失禁症状和频率, 妇科疾患(子宫脱垂、阴道壁膨出、子宫肌瘤)、腹腔或盆腔手术史、慢性疾病(糖尿病、慢性咳嗽、便秘)。结果: 问卷回收率90. 07%。压力性尿失禁的患病率28. 60%, ≥40岁占37 .85%。调查显示: 相关因素中年龄(OR: 1 .035; 95%CI: 1 .007 ~1 .063 )、阴道顺娩(OR:2. 442; 95%CI: 1 .409 ~ 4.233 )、吸引产(OR: 6. 618; 95%CI: 1. 380 ~ 31. 742 )、钳产(OR: 3. 890; 95%CI: 1 .069 ~14. 148)、子宫脱垂(OR: 5 .879; 95%CI: 1. 924~17 .958)、阴道前壁膨出(OR: 2 .751; 95%CI: 1. 215 ~ 6 .225)、子宫肌瘤(OR: 2 .552; 95%CI: 1 .199~5 .429)、全宫术后(OR: 2.519; 95%CI: 1 .046~6. 063)、绝经(OR: 1 .658; 95%CI: 0 .956~2 .877)、便秘(OR: 13. 621; 95%CI: 2 .909~ 63. 780) 是压力性尿失禁的发生的相关因素。结论: 压力性尿失禁的发病与年龄、多次阴道分娩、难产、子宫脱垂、全子宫切除手术、便秘等多因素相关。     

Morphometric analysis of sperm used for IVP by three different separation methods with spatial light interference microscopy

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to characterize sperm populations resulting from three different methods of sperm selection used for bovine in vitro fertilization. We compared sperm selection with discontinuous Percoll gradients, Swim-Up, and electro-channel. Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) was used to evaluate the morphology of the spermatozoa and computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) was used to evaluate the motility behavior of the sperm. Using these two technologies, we analyzed morphometric parameters and the kinetic (motility) patterns of frozen-thawed Holstein bull spermatozoa after sperm selection. For the first time, we have shown that these methods used to select viable spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization (IVF) result in very different sperm subpopulations. Almost every parameter evaluated resulted in statistical differences between treatment groups. One novel observation was that the dry mass of the sperm head is heavier in spermatozoa selected with the electro-channel than in sperm selected by the other methods. These results show the potential of SLIM microscopy in reproductive biology.

Abbreviations: SLIM: spatial light interference microscopy; CASA: computer aided sperm analysis; IVF: in vitro fertilization; BSA: bovine serum albumin; QPI: quantitative phase imaging; IVEP: in vitro embryo production; IACUC: institutional animal care and use committee; CSS: Certified Semen Services; AI: artificial insemination; TALP: Tyrode’s Albumin Lactate Pyruvate; MEC: medium for electro-channel; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; EC: electro-channel; TM, %: total motility; PM, %: progressive motility; RM, %: percentage of rapid sperm motility; VAP, μm/s: average path velocity; VSL, μm/s: straight-line velocity; VCL, μm/s: curvilinear velocity; ALH, μm: amplitude of lateral head displacement; BCF, Hz: beat cross frequency; STR, %: straightness; LIN, %: and linearity; GLS: generalized least squares; ANOVA: analysis of variance; LSD: Least Significant Difference; SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; PCA: principal components analysis     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: C.L. Buchanan & E.W. Prior (eds.): Medical Care and Markets: Conflicts between Efficiency and Justice S. Seely, D.L.J. Freed, G.A. Silverstone & V. Rippere: “Diet-Related Diseases: The Modern Epidemic” Jack Boan (ed.): Proceedings of the Second Canadian Conference on Health Economics Margaret Bowman: The Welfare Officer for the Aged: A study of the implementation of a Commonwealth Programme. Occasional Papers in Gerontology No. 8, March 1985 J.P. Martin: Hospitals in Trouble J.A. Muir Gray and Godfrey Fowler: Essentials of Preventive Medicine Peter Medawar: The Limits of Science Ellen Lewin and Virginia Olesen (eds.): Women, Health and Healing: Towards a new perspective R.K. Creasy and R. Reznik: Review of Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles & Practice Rayit Kumar Chandra (ed.): Nutrition, Immunity and Illness in the Elderly. Kerreen M. Reiger: The disenchantment of the home: modernizing the Australian Family 1880–1940 David Tuckett et al: Meetings between Experts, an approach to sharing ideas in medical consultations Dorothy Levenson: Montefiore: The Hospital as Social Instrument, 1884–1984. Geoff Lindsay (ed.): Screening for Children with Special Needs L.L. Viney, et al. Crisis Intervention Counselling in a General Hospital: Development and Multifaceted Evaluation of a Health Service. J.W. SALMON (ed.): Alternative Medicines: Popular and Policy Perspectives Ann Cartwright: Health surveys in practice and in potential: a critical review of their scope and methods U. Laaser, R. Senault, H. Viefhues: Primary Health Care in the Making. Susan B. Rifkin: Health Planning and Community Participation. Case Studies in South East Asia. Penny Lock et al.: Action on Smoking at work John Mathews: Health & Safety at Work Jeanne Stellman & Mary Sue Henifin: Office Work can be dangerous to your health Mira Crouch and Bernard Huppauf (eds.): Essays on Mortality. Paul Weindling (ed.): The Social History of Occupational Health C. Grant & H.M. Lapsley: The Australian Health Care System, 1985