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1.
烟草依赖是一种慢性成瘾性疾病.1964年,美国政府发表有关烟草危害的卫生总监报告,这是第一次以政府的名义确认烟草的危害.从1970年开始,世界卫生大会就其烟草控制作过多次决议.无可争辩的科学证据表明吸烟是慢支炎、肺气肿和肺癌的主要原因;是造成心肌梗死、某些妊娠期和新生儿疾病的重要危险因素;对被动吸烟者产生有害影响.关注强势的烟草广告对青少年吸烟的影响,以及青少年和妇女中吸烟人数的增加.意识到解决这一问题需要教育、限制和立法的措施,并辅以税收和物价政策.同时需要科学研究的支持[1].第一部国际公共卫生公约《烟草控制框架公约》(即FCTC)于2005年2月27日发布[2].2005年10月12日,中国政府举行了履行《烟草控制框架公约》启动仪式,表明了积极推进控烟工作,自觉履行该公约的决心,并与2006年1月9日正式生效[3].但是,控烟工作自开展以来,收效甚微.  相似文献   

2.
吸烟是人类文明史上的一个奇特现象.当今社会吸烟即烟草滥用导致烟草依赖,是一种普遍的、与高血压和糖尿病不同的慢性高复发性疾病.吸烟是人类最大的公害[1].履行<公约>,控制烟草危害,禁止吸烟,已成国际共识.  相似文献   

3.
<正>《烟草控制框架公约》是由世界卫生组织(WHO)主持达成的第一个具有法律效力的国际公共卫生条约,为控制全球烟草危害、共同维护人类健康提供了法律框架,2006年1月9日在我国正式生效。《烟草控制框架公约》第11条规定:烟草制品的包装和标签上必须标有说明吸烟危害的健康警示[1]。多个《烟草控制框架公约》履约国的实践证明烟包图形警示能直观、直接、准确、全面、有效地传达烟草危害的信息和鼓励吸烟者改变行为,预防青少年吸烟。  相似文献   

4.
世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》是第一部国际公共卫生公约,已于2005年2月27日生效。中国政府于2003年11月10日签约,目前正在积极准备履约。中国是世界上最大的烟草生产和消费国,全球11亿吸烟者中有3.5亿在我国,每年死于吸烟相关疾病的人数高达100万。在未来的几十年里,如果我国青少年不能改掉吸烟的习惯,他们中将会有三分之一死于吸烟相关疾病。因此,中国的控烟工作任重而道远。  相似文献   

5.
《上海预防医学》2013,(5):252-252
<正>根据《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》,条约所有缔约方在公约对其生效后的五年内,要广泛禁止所有的烟草广告、促销和赞助。有证据证明,广泛禁止广告,可使开始吸烟以及继续吸烟的人数下降。统  相似文献   

6.
中国是世界上吸烟人口最多的国家,占世界吸烟人口的1/3.更为重要的是,青少年吸烟率逐年上升,开始吸烟的年龄越来越早.中国是WHO<烟草控制框架公约>缔约国,烟草控制的基本内容之一是保护儿童和青少年不再成为新的吸烟者[1].  相似文献   

7.
香烟主流烟雾有毒化学物质含量检测结果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2003年5月21日第五十六届世界卫生大会一致通过了<烟草控制框架公约>.2006年1月该公约在我国正式生效.公约的制定为全球控制烟草危害、共同维护人类健康提供了法律框架.据卫生部2006年<中国"吸烟与健康"报告>,我国现有烟民3.5亿,占世界的三分之一,每年约有100万人因吸烟有关疾病死亡.为加强戒烟运动的效果,让广大烟民更全面了解吸烟的危害,越来越多的国家通过立法要求烟草商向公众公布更多的烟草有害化学物质含量.  相似文献   

8.
吸烟是人类最大的可预防的致病致死因素,戒烟是降低吸烟对健康危害的唯一方法[1]。世界卫生组织(WHO)将提供戒烟服务作为遏制烟草流行的重要措施之一[2],并在其《烟草控制框架公约》中要求各国采取有效的措施,帮助吸烟者戒烟。戒  相似文献   

9.
吸烟是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一。目前,全球有吸烟者大约12亿,据不完全统计,每年死于吸烟相关疾病的人数达500万。我国大约有3.5亿烟民,每年约有100万人死于与吸烟相关的疾病[1,2]。我国党和政府历来重视控烟工作,于2005年正式批准并启动《烟草控制框架公约》。吸烟有  相似文献   

10.
正今年是世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》在我国生效10周年。2006年1月8日,《烟草控制框架公约》在中国正式生效,成为第77个缔约国。然而,10年过去,我国的控烟状况却令人担忧。近日,《2015中国控烟观察——民间视角》在京发布,报告认为,10年来,吸烟总人数不降反升,增加了1500万人,烟草消费量也不断增加。35岁及以上成人归因于吸烟的3类疾病的经济负担为2237.2亿元。  相似文献   

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14.
Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.  相似文献   

15.
Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of the study was an analysis of changes in the consumption of plant fibre in Poland in the period 1950-1987. The analysis included plant fibre content in four groups of products considered as the main source of fibre in diet: cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fruit. A reduction was noted in the consumption of plant fibre in general, and the fibre present in cereals and potatoes, while that present in fruit and vegetables has increased. The pattern of plant fibre consumption in Poland is becoming ever more similar to that in highly developed countries. Systematic studies are proposed on the consumption of plant fibre by various groups of the population. It would be indicated to explain to the population the importance and role of plant fibre and introduction for marketing of food providing this fibre, in the first place increased supply of brown bread.  相似文献   

17.
Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.  相似文献   

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19.
AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.  相似文献   

20.
目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。  相似文献   

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