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1.
目的 分析天津市2005-2017年医疗机构新报告HIV/AIDS特征,为更好地在医疗机构中开展相关的艾滋病防治工作提供依据。方法 对新报告HIV/AIDS的流行病学调查及随访资料进行分析,同时回顾调查2005-2017年医疗机构新报告HIV/AIDS的科室来源及主要就诊疾病。结果 2005-2017年天津市医疗机构新报告HIV/AIDS 3 035例,医疗机构报告HIV/AIDS病例年均增长24.8%,其中49.2%(1 343/2 728)来源于住院病例,50.8%(1 385/2 728)来源于门诊病例,性病门诊就诊者检测在2011-2017年HIV阳性检出率呈现增长趋势(χ2=18.469,P=0.005);医疗机构住院病例、门诊病例首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)(χ2=17.189,P=0.000)及新报告当年发生死亡比例(χ2=61.198,P=0.000)差异有统计学意义;二级医院与三级医院新报告HIV/AIDS首次CD4值(χ2=16.751,P=0.000)及新报告当年发生死亡比例(χ2=18.926,P=0.000)差异有统计学意义;不同科室新报告HIV/AIDS首次CD4值(χ2=37.620,P=0.000)及新报告当年发生死亡比例(χ2=95.489,P=0.000)差异有统计学意义。结论 2005-2017年天津市医疗机构门诊新报告HIV/AIDS较为及时,二级医院新报告HIV/AIDS比三级医院及时。在医疗机构重点科室门诊积极倡导医务人员中主动提供HIV检测服务,对于天津市艾滋病防治工作具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
目的 了解山东省境外输入性疟疾流行特征,为及时调整防控措施提供科学依据。方法 收集2017-2018年山东省疟疾疫情资料、病例个案调查资料及省级参比实验室病例复核资料,采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析,采用QGIS 2.18软件绘制地图。结果 2017-2018年山东省共报告境外输入性疟疾442例,感染来源主要为非洲地区(占97.96%,433/442)。17个地市均有病例报告,主要集中在济宁市(88例)、烟台市(65例)、威海市(46例)、青岛市(44例)和德州市(42例),共报告285例(占64.48%,285/442)。病例分布于山东省77.37%(106/137)的县(市、区)。每月均有病例报告,未呈现明显的季节特征。发病-初诊时间间隔M=2 d(P25~P75:3 d)。初诊-确诊时间间隔M=0 d(P25~P75:3 d)。病例发病当天就诊率为27.83%(123/442)。69.68%(308/442)的病例初诊被诊断为疟疾,经χ2检验,县级以下医疗机构诊断正确率低于其他医疗机构(均P<0.01)。51.13%(226/442)的病例就诊当天确诊,经χ2检验,各级医疗机构当天确诊率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2017-2018年山东省境外输入性疟疾具有病例数量多、感染来源广、地区分布广等特征,病例及时就诊意识淡薄,基层医疗机构疟疾诊治意识和能力尚弱,应针对性的调整防控措施。  相似文献   

3.
目的 分析2008-2017年武汉市结核病患者就诊延迟行为特征、变化趋势及其影响因素,为结核病防治提供依据。方法 利用中国疾病预防控制信息系统结核病管理信息系统,收集2008-2017年武汉市64 208例0~95岁结核病患者病案信息,采用非条件多因素logistic回归模型分析结核病患者就诊延迟的影响因素。结果 2008-2017年武汉市结核病患者的就诊天数为M=10(P25P75:3~28)d,就诊延迟率为52.5%(33 703/64 208),总体呈下降趋势(趋势χ2=10.64,P<0.001)。结核病就诊延迟者主要为男性,女性、≥65岁组所占的构成比逐渐增长。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,远城区(与近城区相比,OR=1.29,95% CI:1.25~1.35)、≥45岁组(45~、≥65岁组与<25岁组相比,OR=1.22,95% CI:1.15~1.29;OR=1.30,95% CI:1.22~1.39)是结核病患者就诊延迟的危险因素,职业、患者来源和患者分类也是结核病患者就诊延迟的影响因素。结论 2008-2017年武汉市结核病患者的就诊延迟率总体呈下降趋势。应重点关注结核病患者中的女性和中老年就诊延迟者。  相似文献   

4.
ARIMA乘积季节模型在陕西省手足口病预测中的应用   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
目的 应用自回归求和移动平均(ARIMA)乘积季节模型预测陕西省手足口病发病人数。方法 利用R软件对2009年1月至2015年6月手足口病数据构建ARIMA乘积季节模型,同时利用2015年7-12月实际发病人数与模型拟合数据比较,评价模型的预测性能,预测2016-2017年的手足口病发病人数。结果 陕西省手足口病发病人数具有明显的季节性,建立了ARIMA(2,1,0)×(1,1,0)12乘积季节模型,预测方程为(1-B)(1-B12)Ln(Xt)=((1-1.000B)/((1-0.532B-0.363B2)(1-0.644B12-0.454B122)))εt,与2015年7-12月实际发病人数比较,绝对误差的平均值为531.535,相对误差的平均值为0.114,预测2016-2017年陕西省手足口病发病人数与2015年基本保持一致。结论 ARIMA(2,1,0)×(1,1,0)12乘积季节模型可用于陕西省手足口病的发病人数预测。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨HBsAg阳性母亲的HBeAg与新生儿CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg)含量的关系以及对增加新生儿HBV宫内传播发生风险的影响。方法 选择太原市第三人民医院妇产科分娩的270对HBsAg阳性母亲及其新生儿,收集一般人口学特征及分娩情况等资料,采用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(FQ-PCR)和化学发光免疫试验(CLIA)检测母婴外周血HBV DNA及HBV血清学标志物;流式细胞术(FCM)检测新生儿外周血Treg等免疫细胞含量。结果 母亲HBeAg阳性是HBV宫内传播的危险因素(OR=4.08,95% CI:1.89~8.82);母亲HBeAg阳性者新生儿Treg含量高于阴性者(Z=2.29,P=0.022);按母亲HBeAg滴度分为5组,各组间新生儿Treg、HBeAg及母亲HBV DNA随母亲HBeAg滴度增高呈上升趋势,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=18.73,P<0.001;χ2=181.60,P<0.001;χ2=183.09,P<0.001)。偏相关分析中控制母亲HBV DNA以及新生儿HBeAg后,母亲HBeAg与新生儿Treg呈正相关(rs=0.19,P=0.039)。新生儿Treg与浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)、CD4+T淋巴细胞含量为负相关(rs=-0.21,P=0.017;rs=-0.23,P=0.009)。结论 HBsAg阳性母亲的HBeAg可能通过上调新生儿Treg含量,影响树突状细胞和效应T淋巴细胞的功能及其对HBV的免疫应答,从而增加新生儿发生HBV宫内传播的风险。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨阴道微环境改变和HPV16感染在宫颈上皮内瘤变中的作用及其交互效应。方法 研究对象来源于课题组前期在山西省建立的宫颈病变研究队列,包括623例正常宫颈(NC)妇女、303例低度宫颈上皮内瘤变(CINⅠ)患者和93例高度宫颈上皮内瘤变(CINⅡ/Ⅲ)患者。在收集其人口学特征和宫颈上皮内瘤变相关因素资料的同时,采用导流杂交技术检测HPV16感染状况,应用需氧菌性阴道炎/细菌性阴道病联合检测试剂盒检测阴道分泌物中的H2O2、β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶、凝固酶、唾液酸酐酶和白细胞酯酶,以及阴道pH值和清洁度。应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据的录入和资料分析。结果 随着宫颈病变的进展,HPV16感染率(趋势性χ2=55.45,P<0.001)、H2O2 (趋势性χ2=26.19,P<0.001)、pH值(趋势性χ2=5.06,P=0.024)、阴道清洁度(趋势性χ2=19.55,P<0.001)、β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(趋势性χ2=17.52,P<0.001)、唾液酸酐酶(趋势性χ2=14.90,P<0.001)的异常率均逐渐升高,而凝固酶和白细胞酯酶异常率未见相应趋势。广义多因子降维模型交互作用分析显示,在CINⅠ组,HPV16感染与H2O2、β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶、凝固酶、唾液酸酐酶异常呈交互作用,在CINⅡ/Ⅲ组,HPV16感染与阴道清洁度、H2O2、β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶、唾液酸酐酶异常呈交互作用。结论 阴道微环境改变和HPV16感染均可增加宫颈病变的发病风险,且在宫颈上皮内瘤变中具有交互作用。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨沈阳市学生HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗(ART)的影响因素。方法 横断面调查获得2007-2015年沈阳市艾滋病治疗定点医院(中国医科大学附属第一医院)15~30岁学生HIV/AIDS患者ART相关信息,多因素logistic回归模型探讨ART的影响因素。结果 2007-2015年该医院共收治15~30岁学生HIV/AIDS患者146例,占累计治疗HIV/AIDS患者的6.1%(146/2 379)。患者均为男性,男男性行为传播途径占93.2%(136/146),HIV延迟诊断率[诊断时CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)≤ 350个/μl]为52.7%(77/146),患者中ART的构成比为67.1%(98/146)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,HIV诊断年份(aOR=1.21,95%CI:1.02~1.44)、年龄24~30岁(aOR=8.15,95%CI:1.46~45.52)和延迟诊断(aOR=2.22,95%CI:1.05~4.71)是学生HIV/AIDS患者ART的独立影响因素。结论 HIV诊断时间越晚、年龄越大及延迟诊断可能增加学生HIV/AIDS患者的ART比例。。  相似文献   

8.
目的 推测2020年6月北京市新发地新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情首例感染的传播时间起点,辅助传染病溯源,评价当前综合防控效果。方法 根据北京市卫生健康委员会官方报告统计每日发病人数,建立SEIR传染病动力学模型,基于每日发病人数拟合动力学模型,并搜寻本次疫情的传播时间起点;考虑不同的防控效果而拟合6月12日至7月1日的累计发病人数,以评估当前综合防控措施效果。结果 北京市新发地疫情传播首例感染应起始于5月22日至5月28日之间(累计概率为95%),起始于5月25日的概率最大(23%)。本次疫情R0为4.22(95% CI:2.88~7.02)。模型拟合结果提示,截至6月11日,累计发病为99例(95% CI:77~121),符合实际情况。若不加控制,则截至7月1日累计发病估计将达到65 090例(95% CI:39 068~105 037)。截至7月1日,较之无防控措施的理论情况,实际感染人数减少了99%。自6月12日起,北京市采取了强有力的综合防控措施,疫情实际走势接近于传播率降低95%的推演结果,敏感性分析支持这一结果。结论 针对突发性疫情,传染病动力学模型可用来辅助推演传染病传播起始时间,辅助疫情溯源。北京市针对本次突发疫情所及时采取的综合防控措施迅速控制了95%以上的传播途径,减少了99%的感染人数,快速遏制了疫情,对于未来疫情防控具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

9.
目的 了解2014-2016年江苏省疟疾病例就诊及确诊情况,为制订消除疟疾的防控对策提供参考依据。方法 数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统的寄生虫病防治信息系统,收集整理2014-2016年江苏省报告的所有疟疾病例,收集其就诊、确诊及治疗等相关信息。采用SPSS 16.0和Stata 12.0软件分析,采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法进行描述性统计分析。结果 2014-2016年江苏省共报告疟疾病例1 068例,除1例为输血感染外,其余均为境外输入性疟疾病例,绝大部分为赴非洲务工归国人员。基层医疗卫生机构对卵形疟、间日疟、三日疟和混合感染虫种判定正确率偏低,分别为79.3%(107/135)、29.5%(18/61)、52.9%(18/34)和0.0%(0/2)。2015年疟疾病例的当天就诊率高于2014年和2016年(χ2=18.6,P=0.001)。3年间确诊情况的差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.4,P=0.246),疟疾病例就诊后当天确诊者占65.4%(699/1 068)。CDC初诊正确率和当天诊断能力均高于医疗机构(χ2=13.2,P=0.000;χ2=5.4,P=0.020)。72.7%(32/44)的重症恶性疟病例在发病后均未能在当天就诊。结论 在消除疟疾阶段,疟疾高流行区归国务工人员的就诊意识仍偏低,基层医务人员的疟疾诊断能力也需提高。  相似文献   

10.
目的 了解儿童家长对预防接种服务的总体满意率,以及接受预防接种服务额外消耗时间对其满意率的影响。方法 2019年12月至2020年1月,对0~3岁儿童家长基本情况、接受预防接种服务额外消耗时间以及对预防接种服务的总体满意情况进行问卷调查。共3 178名儿童家长纳入分析。采用二分类logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条模型分析儿童家长接受预防接种服务额外消耗时间对总体满意率的影响。结果 儿童家长对预防接种服务的总体满意率为92.32%。儿童家长从家到预防接种门诊时间MP25P75)为10.00(10.00,20.00)min,办理预约登记等候时间MP25P75)为10.00(5.00,15.00)min,等待进行注射疫苗时间MP25P75)为5.00(3.00,10.00)min,额外消耗总时间MP25P75)为30.00(20.00,45.00)min。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示,调整相关因素后,有利于提高儿童家长总体满意率的额外消耗时间因素依次为办理预约登记等候时间(4~min组与8~min组相比,OR=1.863,95%CI:1.307~2.657)、等待进行注射疫苗时间(<4、4~min组与8~min组相比,OR=1.529,95%CI:1.102~2.120;OR=1.534,95%CI:1.104~2.130)、额外消耗总时间(15~min组与30~min组相比:OR=1.470,95%CI:1.094~1.976)。限制性立方样条模型分析显示,儿童家长办理预约登记等候时间(非线性检验χ2=13.18,P=0.001)、等待进行注射疫苗时间(非线性检验χ2=13.50,P=0.001)以及额外消耗总时间(非线性检验χ2=9.38,P=0.009)与总体满意情况的关联强度呈非线性的倒“V”形剂量反应关系。结论 儿童家长办理预约登记等待时间、等待进行注射疫苗的时间和接受预防接种服务额外消耗总时间影响总体满意率。其中,办理预约登记等待时间的影响最大,且该环节等待时间较长,建议预防接种门诊利用信息化技术(如建立微信公众号、APP等)开展分时段预约,并控制单位时间服务人数,对预防接种人群进行有效分流。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

17.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

18.
19.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

20.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

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