农村儿童营养性贫血防治方案设置

为了实施农村儿童营养性贫血大规模防治方案本着经济、效好、可行及实用要求，通过干预组不同干预效果，费用效果比较及服药依从性效果分析，认为可同时采用：（１）健康教育、合理喂养；（２）高危儿进行药物预防；（３）中重度贫血以药物治疗，干预每年２次在农闲时时间，每次３个月，尽量减少防治药物种类，减少铁旧以减少副反应，选用最佳铁剂剂型，每年监测１次。     

早产儿缺铁性贫血的预防与分析

目的 探讨早产儿缺铁性贫血的防治措施。方法 选取郑州市妇幼保健院康复科高危儿随访门诊进行随访的早产儿156例,按照家长自愿原则,随机将参与系统管理的80例早产儿设为干预组,同期不愿参加系统管理的76例早产儿设为对照组。干预组于出生后第4周开始给予复方硫酸亚铁颗粒口服,2 mg/（kg·d）,连续服用8周;对照组患儿正常喂养,不补充铁剂。结果 早期补充铁剂能够有效提高RBC、Hb、SF指标,12周时两组结果比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;干预组的缺铁性贫血发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 早产儿缺铁性贫血的发生率较高,早期合理补充铁剂可增加早产儿体内铁储备,减少缺铁性贫血疾病的发生。     

西岗区孕妇贫血调查及干预措施

目的:了解大连市西岗区孕妇缺铁性贫血的患病情况及相关因素,提出相应干预措施,降低孕产妇、围产儿死亡率及降低出生缺陷的发生率。方法:对5年中建立"孕产妇保健手册"的西岗区孕妇进行贫血调查,采静脉血检测血色素,并由专人负责登记、统计及采取相应干预措施。结果:共筛查孕妇6 858例,发生高危贫血515例,其发生率为7.5%;生理性贫血890例,发生率为12.98%;对早期、中期妊娠贫血进行铁剂治疗227例,用药2个月治愈221例,治愈率达97.36%;生理性贫血890例,其中补充铁剂一个疗程628例,未用药262例,一个月复查血色素发生高危贫血前者2例,后者182例,发生率分别为0.32%、69.47%。结论:发现孕妇贫血发生率较高,并随孕周增加发生率增高;以轻度贫血为主;治疗效果与贫血的程度相关;早期发现、早期治疗、定期复查及预防性补充铁剂,可降低孕妇贫血的发生率,提高其治愈率。     

农村儿童营养性贫血的群体防治

无锡县通过对3月—7岁儿童4次横断面调查及3次干预、使农村儿童贫血患病率由40.86％下降到20％左右,IDA由16.78％下降到10％以下,Hb值均值上升7.4 g/L 不同干预措施的比较表明,健康教育组和铁剂预防组效果最为显著,开展健康教育、科学指导膳食是长期群体防治小儿营养性贫血经济有效,切实可行的重要措施。在开展科研的同时注重了科研成果的开发利用,在全县建立了贫血防治监测系统,1岁以内儿童贫血监测率达93.67％,健康教育工作也在试点乡以外地区广泛展开     

延迟脐带结扎防治早产儿贫血的临床研究

目的研究延迟脐带结扎防治早产儿贫血的临床效果。方法将符合研究条件的60例早产儿随机分为二组(均为30例)。治疗组出生时延迟脐带结扎时间30 s～2 min,生后早期给予rHuEPO及铁剂治疗;对照组早期给予rHuEPO及铁剂治疗。结果两组患儿生后血色素及血清铁蛋白逐渐下降,对照组下降最明显;两组患儿治疗1周后网织红细胞即明显上升,但对照组上升更明显;对照组比治疗组输血例数明显增多。结论延迟脐带结扎能有效防治早产儿贫血,明显减少输血需要。     

0～6岁儿童贫血现状及干预措施研究

为了解江苏省农村0～6岁儿童贫血现状,探讨儿童贫血防治的有效措施,我们对1995年江苏省加中项目0～6岁儿童贫血防治资料进行了分析。结果表明,0～6岁儿童贫血患病率达36.0％,以6个月～2岁以内儿童患病率为最高。干预后贫血患病率明显降低,家长的贫血防治知识也明显提高。对贫血儿童除进行健康教育外,另给予适量的铁剂治疗也是必要的、且是有效的。     

奉化市孕妇缺铁性贫血患病率及影响因素分析

目的:了解奉化市孕妇缺铁性贫血的患病率及有关影响因素,提出干预措施,提高保健质量。方法:对1 394例孕妇贫血状况进行回顾性调查分析。结果:孕妇贫血患病率为12.62%,贫血患病率随孕周增大而升高。影响孕妇贫血的因素有文化程度、年龄和孕产次,随着孕产次的增高,年龄的增大和文化程度的降低,孕妇贫血的发生率逐渐上升。结论:应加强孕期保健宣教工作,孕中期及时给予补充铁剂,孕期定期复查血常规,及时纠正贫血,降低和减少贫血对孕妇和胎儿的影响,以保母婴安康。     

铁剂补血应注意

贫血是一种常见的疾病,尤其以缺铁性贫血最为多见。含铁的制剂是治疗缺铁性贫血的主要药物。常用的铁剂有硫酸亚铁,主要成分为二价铁,其吸收率较高,副作用小,价格便宜,广泛应用于缺铁性贫血的患者;１０％枸橼酸铁胺,为三价铁盐,吸收率较低,但它易溶于水,适用于儿童口服。在服用铁剂治疗贫血时应注意以下几个问题： 从小剂量开始。为减少胃肠道反应,补铁药应饭后服用。胃酸缺乏的贫血病人,在服铁剂的同时,可服用浓度小于１％的稀盐酸以及维生素Ｃ,维生素Ｃ本身也能促进造血功能。 不能盲目服用铁剂。没有患缺铁性贫血的患者,…     

儿童营养性贫血的诊断与治疗

<正>营养性贫血是一组由于各种原因导致造血原料供应不足,表现为红细胞及血红蛋白低于"正常"的血液系统疾病。1缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia,IDA)IDA是体内铁缺乏导致血红蛋白合成减少,临床上以小细胞低色素性贫血、血清铁蛋白减少和铁剂治疗有效为特点的贫血症。本病以婴幼儿发病率最高,严重危害小儿健康,是我国重点防治的小儿常见病之一[1]。1.1铁的代谢1.1.1人体内铁元素的含量及分布正常人体内的含     

0～6岁儿童贫血现状及干预措施研究

为了解江苏省农村０～６岁儿童贫血现状，探讨儿童贫血防治的有效措施，我们对１９９５年江苏省加中项目０～６岁儿童贫血防治资料进行了分析，结果表明，０～６岁儿童贫血患者病率达３６．０％，以６个月～２岁以内儿童患病率为提高，干预后贫血患病率明降低，家长的贫血防治知识也明显提高，对贫血儿童除进行健康教育外，另给予适量的铁剂治疗也是必要的，且是有效的。     

Illness,disability and sex in aging

Age needs to be considered a significant factor to avoid abusive generalizations about sexuality in the elderly. Contributory factors include physiological change, the social environment of the elderly, their living conditions and companionship opportunities. Growing old does not necessarily discontinue a healthy sexual life, but it does call for redefining its expression. This paper discusses the multidimensionality of sexuality in the elderly, emphasizing the impacts of illness and disability. Analysis of 80 semi-structured interviews and life histories reveals some elements of the conjugal and sexual life of persons of that cohort.     

北京市怀柔区2010年粉尘与高毒企业的危害因素调查

目的了解北京市怀柔区粉尘与高毒危害企业工作场所中职业病危害因素现状,为改善作业场所环境提供技术支持,为监管部门提供科学依据。方法依据国家有关标准、规范,使用气体采样器、大气采样器、粉尘采样仪采集车间空气中的化学物质和粉尘样品,噪声频谱分析仪现场检测噪声。结果对存在粉尘与高毒物品的36家企业工作场所进行了职业病危害因素检测与评价,共采集化学毒物、物理因素、粉尘3大类11项893件样品。其中超标企业14家,超标样品121件,企业超标率38.9%,样品超标率13.5%。结论该区部分企业工作场所中职业病危害因素超标,提示各相关机构应高度重视职业卫生工作,加大监管和宣教力度,提高企业和劳动者的职业病防治意识,促进企业加强职业卫生工作管理,推进作业场所职业健康管理工作规范化、制度化,预防和控制急慢性职业病的发生。     

湛江口岸性病监测概况及评价

1984～1996年对湛江口岸性传播疾病(STD)进行了监测。13年来采取(监测体检、检疫查验、监测网点、宣传教育和协作关系等)STD监测措施和手段；对其效果和存在的同题进行了分析与评述；并提出了今后如何改进的合理化建议。     

The crucial role of recess in schools

BACKGROUND: Recess is at the heart of a vigorous debate over the role of schools in promoting optimal child development and well-being. Reallocating time to accentuate academic concerns is a growing trend and has put recess at risk. Conversely, pressure to increase activity in school has come from efforts to combat childhood obesity. The purpose of this review was to examine the value of recess as an integral component of the school day. METHODS: A comprehensive review of recess-specific literature was conducted, beginning with a Google Scholar search, to cull definitions, position statements, and policy recommendations from national/international associations and organizations. A multi-database search followed. Additional articles were selected from reference lists. RESULTS: The search yielded a range of articles, from those focused on specific aspects of recess to those that examined multiple factors, including how to structure and conduct recess. Several themes emerged supporting recess as beneficial for children's cognitive, social, emotional, and physical functioning. Optimal recess was well-supervised and safe. Crucial components were well-maintained playground equipment and well-trained supervisors. CONCLUSION: Recess serves a critical role in school as a necessary break from the rigors of academic challenges. Recess is a complement to, not a replacement for, physical education. Both promote activity and a healthy lifestyle; however, recess—particularly unstructured recess and free play—provides a unique contribution to a child's creative, social, and emotional development. From the perspective of children's health and well-being, recess time should be considered a child's personal time and should not be withheld for academic or punitive reasons.     

广东省2002-2012年6~17岁儿童青少年超重/肥胖变化趋势分析

目的 分析2002-2012年广东省6～17岁儿童青少年超重/肥胖的流行状况及其变化趋势。方法 2002年营养调查采用多阶段分层与整群随机抽样方法,在全省抽取13个监测点共7 075名6～17岁儿童青少年进行调查。2009-2012年的广东省居民营养调查采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在广东省9区/县城乡调查点抽取2 319名6～17岁儿童青少年,进行身高和体重测量。结果 2009-2012年广东省6～17岁儿童青少年平均超重率和肥胖率分别为7.3%和4.5%,男生超重率和肥胖率（8.9%和6.5%）均高于女生（5.3%和2.2%）,城市超重率和肥胖率（9.3%和5.6%）均高于农村（4.7%和3.2%）;以9～11岁组超重率（8.8%）和肥胖率（6.0%）最高。与2002年比较,除城市女生肥胖率下降外,城市男生、农村男生和女生的超重率和肥胖率均明显上升,其中农村超重和肥胖增幅高于城市,男生增幅高于女生。结论 广东省6～17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖率较2002年有较大上升,其中农村、男生和9～11岁超重/肥胖比例较高,应重点关注。     

Occupational therapists' perception of usage of information and communication technology (ICT) in Western Australia and the association of availability of ICT on recruitment and retention of therapists working in rural areas

Objective:  The purpose of this study was to investigate occupational therapists' usage of information and communication technology (ICT) in Western Australia and the association of availability of ICT on recruitment and retention of rural therapists.
Methods:  One thousand, one hundred and thirty-eight surveys were sent to all occupational therapists registered with the Western Australian Occupational Therapy Registration Board in January 2003. The survey was used to identify ICT access, support and literacy. The attitude of therapists towards using ICT as a communication tool and therapists' usage patterns of ICT in metropolitan and rural localities were analysed by using the Chi-squared test.
Results:  Email and the personal computer were used most frequently. On ICT global competency, 58% of therapists rated their competency level as good or better. Competence was rated lower for web searching (48.5%) and searching for electronic articles (29.8%). Approximately one-third of respondents were dissatisfied with the level of technical support available and only 38.4% of therapists had participated in basic computer training provided by their current employer. Rural therapists had less access to a computer in their work environments in comparison to their metropolitan peers (P  <  0.05). Nevertheless, rural therapists were using email, teleconferencing and videoconferencing more frequently than their metropolitan counterparts.
A proportion of rural therapists (45.5%) felt that ICT influenced their decision to continue working in rural areas.
Discussion and Conclusion:  Professional isolation has been cited as an inhibitor to recruit and retain health-care workers in rural areas. The higher ICT usage by rural therapists may represent the utility of ICT as a means of circumventing professional isolation that is inherent in rural and remote areas.     

我国慢性病挑战与防控对策

慢性病是我国居民的主要死因和主要健康问题,可对家庭和社会带来直接和间接的经济损失,甚至成为影响经济社会可持续发展的重要问题.慢性病病因复杂,主要是不良生活方式的结果,但其背后有复杂的社会决定因素.国内外经验表明,慢性病是可防可控的,必须通过加强政府的政策承诺和领导,将卫生政策融入所有社会政策,建立健康城市等综合干预平台,重构医疗服务体系,普及推广具有成本效益措施以及动员全社会参与,强化规划和监督评价考核等综合措施,才能取得更好的防控效果.     

2019年常州市钟楼区儿童青少年近视状况分析

目的 了解2019年钟楼区儿童青少年近视现状,为青少年近视综合防控工作提供基础依据。方法 使用分层整群随机抽样方法,选择钟楼区9所学校共2 511名儿童青少年,开展远视力检查和屈光检测。结果 检出近视学生1 559人,总体近视率达62.09%,女生近视率(66.75%)高于男生近视率(57.50%)(χ2=22.782,P＜0.01);不同学段之间近视率差异有统计学意义(χ2=813.8,P＜0.01);随着年级升高,近视率呈升高趋势(χ2趋势=31.82,P=0.007);轻度近视构成比随着年级增高而降低,中重度近视构成比随着年级增高而增高;近视率随着年龄的增加而升高,13岁之后趋于平稳。结论 钟楼区近视率处于较高水平,应根据发病特点,关注近视重点对象和关键因素,采取针对性的防控措施。     

奶制品霉菌和酵母计数检验结果不确定度的评定

目的:评定奶制品霉菌和酵母计数检验结果的不确定度。方法:采用统计学方法对日常检验数据进行不确定度评定。结果:本室奶制品霉菌和酵母计数检验结果以对数值的平均数表示时,logx=log x±0.017。结论:利用日常检验数据评定奶制品霉菌和酵母计数检验结果的不确定度是可行的。