安义县2009年居民户碘盐监测结果分析

目的:了解安义县居民户食用盐中碘含量情况,为消除碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:按照《全国碘盐监测方案(修订)》要求进行抽样,对居民户食用碘盐监测结果进行分析。结果:检测居民户碘盐288份,合格266份,碘盐合格率94.33%;非碘盐6份,非碘盐率2.08%,合格碘盐食用率92.36%,碘盐覆盖率97.92%。结论:安义县居民户碘盐合格率94.33%,虽已达到标准要求,但仍有少量居民食用不合格碘盐和非碘盐,应深入开展宣传教育和加强食用碘盐的监督监测工作,让居民正确使用、储存碘盐。     

柯城区2011年居民户碘盐监测结果分析

目的:了解和掌握柯城区居民户食用盐中碘含量的情况,为消除碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:按照《全国碘盐监测方案(修订)》要求进行抽样,对居民户食用碘盐监测结果进行分析。结果:检测居民户碘盐288份,合格286份,碘盐合格率99.31%;非碘盐2份,非碘盐率0.69%。结论:柯城区居民户碘盐合格率99.31%,虽已达到标准要求,但仍应加强宣传教育和食用碘盐的监督监测工作,让居民正确使用碘盐。     

盐源县2004.4～2007.4盐业生产加工企业和居民户碘盐监测结果分析

目的:了解盐源县盐业生产加工企业(盐源盐厂)碘加入量和居民户食用盐含碘量状况,为消除碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:按《四川省碘盐监测实施方案》抽样,对盐业生产加工企业的碘盐和居民户食用碘盐监测结果进行分析。结果:检测盐业生产加工企业盐样324份,碘盐合格率100%。检测居民户盐样802份,碘盐覆盖率100%,碘盐合格率97.13%,合格碘盐食用率97.13%,非碘盐率为0。结论:盐源县盐业生产加工企业生产加工的碘盐合格率为100%。居民户碘盐合格率为97.13%,已达到标准要求,但仍有部分居民户存在食用不合格碘盐情况,应加强居民户正确使用、储存碘盐的宣传力度,提高合格碘盐食用率。     

青海省乐都县2005年-2009年居民食用碘盐监测结果分析

目的:掌握乐都县2005年-2009年居民食用碘盐状况,为消除碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:按照《全国碘盐监测方案》和《青海省碘盐监测实施细则》抽样,对居民户食用碘盐监测结果进行分析。结果:乐都县2005年-2009年检测居民食用碘盐均为288份,非碘盐分别为3.81%,2.77%,1.73%,0.73%,0;碘盐合格率分别为94.44%,94.09%,94.44%,96.18%,96.88%;碘盐覆盖率分别为96.84%,97.22%,98.26%,99.31%,100%;合格碘盐食用率分别为90.62%,91.13%,92.70%,95.49%,96.88%;非碘盐率呈逐年下降趋势,2005年-2009年碘盐合格率和合格碘盐食用率较2005年均有显著提高。结论:加强食用碘盐监测工作及居民户的正确食用,不断提高合格碘盐食用率,加强居民碘缺乏病防治知识及宣传教育工作。     

2004～2009年三江侗族自治县居民户碘盐监测结果分析

目的 了解三江侗族自治县居民户碘盐质量和合格碘盐覆盖率及食用情况.方法 根据＜广西壮族自治区碘盐监测实施方案＞进行抽样,按GB/T13025.7-1999氧化还原滴定法测定.结果 1705份食盐样品中合格碘盐1564份,合格率92.11%,不合格碘盐134份,不合格率7.89%,非碘盐7份,非碘盐率0.41%,碘盐覆盖率99.59%,合格碘盐食用率91.73%.结论 居民户合格碘盐食用率和覆盖率均已达到消除IDD国家标准要求,但仍存在部分居民户食用不合格碘盐及非碘盐情况,需加强碘盐的监测及普及居民碘盐缺乏病防治知识,加强对食盐销售点监督管理工作,从中间环节切断非碘盐,确保人民健康.     

昆明市2004～2009年碘盐监测结果分析

[目的]了解昆明市2004～2009年生产层次碘盐质量和居民户食用碘盐情况,为评价消除碘缺乏病措施能否可持续发展提供重要依据。[方法]按《全国碘盐监测方案》和《云南省碘盐监测实施方案》规定的抽样方法及盐碘测定方法,每月监测一次生产层次盐情况,每年一次对居民户食用盐进行随机抽样监测。[结果]生产层次盐批质量合格率均为100%,盐碘均值在30.1～35.78mg/kg之间;居民食用碘盐监测数据显示,除2007年居民合格碘盐食用率低于90%(89.56%)外,其余各年度碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率均在90%以上,非碘盐率在1.02%～3.82%之间。2004～2009年居民户碘盐合格率分别为96.62%、96.36%、95.82%、91.09%、95.74%、96.11%。合格碘盐食用率分别为92.93%、94.64%、94.32%、89.56%、94.39%、95.13%。[结论]昆明市生产层次碘盐质量稳定,居民户层次碘盐覆盖率趋于平稳,非碘盐率总体呈逐年下降趋势,但还要继续加大打击私盐力度,杜绝非碘盐流入市场,进一步加强健康教育工作,确保居民食用合格碘盐。     

呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区2007年-2010年居民食用碘盐检测结果分析

目的:了解内蒙古呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区居民碘营养状况。方法:按照全国碘盐监测方案抽样,按GB/T13025.7-1999直接滴定法检测。结果:2007年-2010年共检测居民户盐样1200份,其中合格碘盐的份数为1113份,不合格碘盐的份数为79分,非碘盐份数为8份,碘盐中位数为30.5 mg/kg;非碘盐率为0.7%,碘盐覆盖率为99.3%,碘盐合格率为93.4%,合格碘盐食用率为92.8%。居民户碘盐合格率逐年提高,碘盐合格率分别为92.7%、93.0%、93.3%、94.7%。结论:呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区居民食用碘盐监测的指标符合国家标准。应继续加强监督监测和健康教育。     

梧州市城区居民食用盐碘含量结果分析

目的 了解梧州市城区居民户碘盐质量和合格碘盐覆盖率及食用情况.方法 根据<广西壮族自治区碘盐监测实施方案>进行抽样,按GB/T13025.7-1999直接滴定法测定.结果 840份食盐样品中合格碘盐836份,不合格碘盐2份,非碘盐2份,合格碘盐食用率、非碘盐率分别为99.5%和0.24%,碘盐覆盖率和碘盐合格率都为99.8%.结论 居民户合格碘盐食用率和碘盐覆盖率均已达到消除碘缺乏病国家标准要求,为减少碘盐在贮存和使用中的碘损失,还需加强有关知识的宣传,确保更多居民吃上合格碘盐.     

2006—2011年河南省方城县居民食用碘盐检测结果

目的为了掌握河南省方城县居民食用盐中碘含量的情况,为消除碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照全国碘盐监测方案抽样,按GB/T 13025.7-1999直接滴定法监测。结果 2006—2011年共监测居民户碘盐1 728份,其中合格碘盐1 585份,碘盐合格率为91.72%;非碘盐67份,非碘盐率为3.88%。碘盐的合格率基本上呈每年上升趋势。结论该县居民基本上实现食用合格碘盐的目标,但仍有少量居民食用非碘盐,应深入开展宣传教育和加强食用碘盐的监督监测工作。     

南京市建邺区2007年～2011年居民食用盐监测结果分析

目的:了解南京市建邺区居民户食用碘盐情况。方法:2007年～2011年共抽查居民家中食用碘盐1 485份,采用直接滴定法测定盐碘含量。结果:居民户碘盐覆盖率为99.87%,碘盐合格率98.72%,合格碘盐食用率98.59%,盐碘中位数为32.00mg/kg,变异系数为17.66%。结论:建邺区居民食用碘盐含碘量符合国家规定,仍应不断加强碘盐的监督管理,确保居民食用合格碘盐。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

244株真菌鉴定结果分析

目的 了解某院2000～2001年各类真菌的检出率。方法 用酵母样真菌同化试验编码鉴定板TH-15进行编码鉴定。结果 真菌分离率为8．85％；244株真菌分为10种，其中以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较高，分别占真菌总数的75．41％和11．47％；检出真菌的主要标本是痰和阴道分泌物。结论 及时进行真菌培养，有利于合理使用抗菌药物和控制真菌感染。