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1.
健康公平性在国际上得到广泛关注,各国把消除健康不公平作为卫生改革与发展的主要目标。本文就健康公平性的内涵进行梳理,为我国健康公平性内涵和测量研究提供参考。  相似文献   

2.

Policy Points:

  • Health policy in the United States has, for more than a century, simultaneously and paradoxically incentivized the growth as well as the commercialization of nonprofit organizations in the health sector.
  • This policy paradox persists during the implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010.

Context

For more than a century, policy in the United States has incentivized both expansion in the number and size of tax-exempt nonprofit organizations in the health sector and their commercialization. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) began yet another chapter in the history of this policy paradox.

Methods

This article explores the origin and persistence of the paradox using what many scholars call “interpretive social science.” This methodology prioritizes history and contingency over formal theory and methods in order to present coherent and plausible narratives of events and explanations for them. These narratives are grounded in documents generated by participants in particular events, as well as conversations with them, observing them in action, and analysis of pertinent secondary sources. The methodology achieves validity and reliability by gathering information from multiple sources and making disciplined judgments about its coherence and correspondence with reality.

Findings

A paradox with deep historical roots persists as a result of consensus about its value for both population health and the revenue of individuals and organizations in the health sector. Participants in this consensus include leaders of governance who have disagreed about many other issues. The paradox persists because of assumptions about the burden of disease and how to address it, as well as about the effects of biomedical science that is translated into professional education, practice, and the organization of services for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness.

Conclusions

The policy paradox that has incentivized the growth and commercialization of nonprofits in the health sector since the late 19th century remains influential in health policy, especially for the allocation of resources. However, aspects of the implementation of the ACA may constrain some of the effects of the paradox.  相似文献   

3.
Policy Points
  • Persistent communication inequalities limit racial/ethnic minority access to life‐saving health information and make them more vulnerable to the effects of misinformation.
  •  Establishing data collection systems that detect and track acute gaps in the supply and/or access of racial/ethnic minority groups to credible health information is long overdue.
  • Public investments and support for minority‐serving media and community outlets are needed to close persistent gaps in access to credible health information.
  相似文献   

4.
Medical Home practice has been shown to deliver effective health care to children. This practice model calls for providing patient-centered care that is compassionate, culturally effective, coordinated, integrated, safe, of high quality, and accessible. This study shows that children in the states with a higher amount of Medical Home received childhood vaccinations at a higher rate than others. However, Medical Home had a limited effect on the rate of children receiving dental/medical services, mental health services, or number of overweight children.  相似文献   

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Population health is a relatively new term, with no agreement about whether it refers to a concept of health or a field of study of health determinants. There is debate, sometimes heated, about whether population health and public health are identical or different. Discussions of population health involve many terms, such as outcomes, disparities, determinants, and risk factors, which may be used imprecisely, particularly across different disciplines, such as medicine, epidemiology, economics, and sociology. Nonetheless, thinking and communicating clearly about population health concepts are essential for public and private policymakers to improve the population's health and reduce disparities. This article defines and discusses many of the terms and concepts characterizing this emerging field.  相似文献   

7.
全国抽样调查561所城乡中小学校的学校卫生现状。结果表明,我国城乡中小学校的学校卫生现状具有两大特点:其一,学校卫生发展呈现出以经济发达地区城市中学领先、经济欠发达地区乡村小学明显滞后的总态势。其二,学校卫生三个维度发展不平衡,健康环境明显落后于健康服务和健康教育。  相似文献   

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There have been dramatic changes in adolescent health status over the past decade that have resulted from successful interventions. Overall mortality rates are down 14%, and many morbidities have declined. Today we know many of the elements that reduce risk: parental caring and connectedness, parental expectations for school and parent availability all outweigh family structure, ethnicity, and income. Likewise, schools can be extremely protective when young people feel connectedness. Factors associated with successful interventions include: strengthening families; strengthening educational involvement; expanding economic opportunities; and supporting youth development, not just problem reduction. Priorities for the next decade include: establishing resiliency-building interventions; developing positive correlates of negative behaviors; establishing broader multisectorial interdisciplinary teams; and formulating a new, more inclusive framework for adolescent health and development.  相似文献   

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