检测乳腺癌细胞株对化疗药物5-氟脲嘧啶的敏感性

目的:检测不同乳腺癌细胞株对化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶的敏感性。方法:体外培养乳腺癌低转移细胞株MCF-7和高转移细胞株MDA-MB-435S,并加入不同浓度的5-氟尿嘧啶,MTT法检测这两种细胞株对5-氟尿嘧啶的敏感性。结果:5-氟尿嘧啶对这2种细胞株的细胞生长均具有抑制作用,且抑制作用与给药剂量正相关。结论:应用MTT法可检测乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶的敏感性,可用于指导临床选择合适的化疗药物,制定治疗方案。     

5b对人乳腺癌耐药细胞株MCF-7ADR的耐药逆转作用

目的研究板蓝根活性单体-5b逆转乳腺癌耐药株MCF-7/ADR细胞的作用及逆转机理。方法选取人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞及耐药株MCF-7/ADR细胞作为主要研究细胞,在2种细胞中加入活性单体-5b,采用MTT法观察活性单体-5b对多药耐药(MDR)逆转作用;采用FCM法观察阿霉素对2种细胞的抑制浓度及倍数。结果当活性单体-5b的剂量低于150μmol/L时,其对2种细胞无毒性作用;活性单体-5b能提高MCF-7/ADR细胞的凋亡率;活性单体-5b能增加阿霉素在体内的积累。结论活性单体-5b对MCF-7/ADR细胞的MDR具有一定的逆转作用,是一种有效的乳腺癌化疗增敏剂。     

洛伐他汀对转染乳腺癌细胞增殖功能的影响

目的探讨胆固醇合成抑制洛伐他汀(Lovastatin，LOV)对人乳腺癌易感基因1(Breast cancer1，BRCA1)转染的密西根癌症基金会-7乳腺癌细胞(Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cell，MCF-7)增殖功能的影响。方法应用基因转染技术获得BRCA1高表达的MCF-7乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7^BRCA1)，经8μmol／L LOV处理未转染组(MCF-7)与转染组(MCF-7^BRCA1)细胞1～3d后，通过生长曲线、二甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)染色和透射电镜等方法．观察LOV对MCF-7及MCF-7^BRCA1乳腺癌细胞增殖功能的影响。结果LOV处理乳腺癌细胞均能抑制未转染组和转染组细胞的增殖，以MCF-7^BRCA1细胞的变化更为显著。透射电镜结果显示，LOV能明显诱导MCF-7^BRCA1转染组细胞向正常细胞的分化。结论乳腺癌细胞BRCA1基因的高表达可增强LOV对细胞的增殖抑制作用．     

趋化因子受体CXCR5促进人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的侵袭和转移

目的构建在人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中高效表达趋化因子受体CXCR5的质粒并检测CXCR5在MCF-7细胞中蛋白表达,探索CXCR5体外是否促进人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的侵袭和转移。方法提取外周血分离单个核细胞,抽提总RNA并逆转录为c DNA,构建CXCR5的真核质粒CXCR5-p LVX-IRES-puro。通过脂质体转染人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞。免疫印迹检测CXCR5质粒的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中CXCR5蛋白。Transwell检测MCF-7细胞和表达CXCR5的MCF-7细胞的侵袭和转移。结果 CXCR5基因成功构建至p LVX-IRES-puro质粒中,免疫印迹提示CXCR5在人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中过度表达。Transwell结果显示CXCR5显著促进人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的侵袭和转移。结论在人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中成功表达CXCR5基因,且促进人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的侵袭和转移。     

集落形成法和Western Blot法研究ELAC2的辐射增敏作用

目的 研究ELAC2基因对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7辐射敏感性的影响。方法 利用脂质体转染法将ELAC2基因转入MCF-7细胞,同时设立未转染MCF-7和转染空载体的MCF-7/pcDNA3作为对照。RT-PCR法检测ELAC2基因的mRNA表达;集落形成法检测ELAC2基因对肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性的影响;Western Blot法检测ELAC2、FEN-1、MGMT、MRE11及Ku-70基因的蛋白表达水平。结果 ELAC2基因的mRNA和蛋白水平在转染细胞中表达明显增高。细胞接受0、0.5、1、2、4、6Gy的X射线照射后,ELAC2基因高表达使MCF-7细胞的剂量-效应曲线左移,细胞辐射敏感性增强。细胞经5Gy的X射线照射,ELAC2基因高表达未使MGMT蛋白和MRE11蛋白表达发生明显变化,而FEN-1蛋白及Ku-70蛋白表达水平显著下降。结论 ELAC2基因高表达使细胞辐射敏感性增高,其涉及的分子机制可能与ELAC2下调FEN-1蛋白及Ku-70蛋白表达水平有关。     

变异型p53蛋白表达对乳腺癌手术前阿霉素化疗疗效的影响

目的　探讨变异型p5 3蛋白表达对人乳腺癌细胞阿霉素抗性及乳腺癌手术前阿霉素化疗疗效的影响。方法　应用免疫组化和图像定量分析技术检测 9例乳腺癌组织中变异型p5 3蛋白含量 ;同时应用琼脂培养MTT法测定乳腺癌细胞对阿霉素的敏感性 ,观察阿霉素化疗对乳腺癌手术前疗效。结果　⑴ 9例人乳腺癌组织 7例变异型p5 3阳性表达 (阳性率为 77% )。⑵变异型p5 3蛋白表达量 (阳性面积相对比 )与人乳腺癌细胞阿霉素抗药指数 (IC5 0值与 1/10血浆峰值浓度的比值 )呈正相关 (r=0 795 6 ,P <0 0 1)。⑶变异型p5 3蛋白表达量与乳腺癌患者手术前阿霉素化疗疗效积分呈负相关 (r=- 0 86 37,P <0 0 1)。结论　变异型p5 3蛋白表达与乳腺癌细胞对阿霉素抗性及临床化疗疗效相关。     

MS-275与表阿霉素合用对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的影响

目的:研究组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂MS-275和表阿霉素联用诱导乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7细胞周期阻滞和细胞凋亡的影响,并对其机制进行初步探讨。方法:体外培养人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7;应用MTT法检测表阿霉素单用以及和MS-275联用对细胞存活率的影响;应用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot分析P21、P53蛋白表达的差异。结果:MS-275和表阿霉素合用较表阿霉素单用能明显降低乳腺癌细胞的存活率,增加细胞的凋亡率,具有剂量的依赖性。单用表阿霉素可以使P21、P53蛋白上调,MS-275和表阿霉素合用较单用两种蛋白上调更加明显。结论:MS-275和表阿霉素合用较单用能增加对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的细胞毒性。其机制可能和MS-275预处理使染色质的构象发生改变,加强了表阿霉素诱导的P21和P53的表达有关。     

miR-26b调控MCF-7细胞MCL-1蛋白的表达并诱导凋亡

目的探讨microRNA-26b(miR-26b)的作用靶点及其对MCF-7细胞的抑制作用。方法通过荧光定量PCR方法及Western blot方法检测正常乳腺细胞系MCF-10A及乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、MDA-MB-231及MDAMB-435的miR-26b及MCL-1的表达水平。MTT法检测miR-26b转染对MCF-7细胞活力的影响,Annexin V/PI染色法检测miR-26b转染对MCF-7细胞凋亡的影响。通过生物信息学分析预测miR-26b的靶基因,并将miR-26b转染入MCF-7细胞,检测miR-26b对MCL-1表达水平的影响。结果相比于MCF-10A细胞,乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、MDA-MB-231及MDA-MB-435的miR-26b表达水平均显著下降,同时MCL-1表达水平均显著上升,提示miR-26在乳腺癌中其肿瘤抑制作用可能调节细胞MCL-1的表达。进一步研究发现MCL-1基因的3'-UTR区存在miR-26b的假定结合位点,且在乳腺癌细胞中转染miR-26b后,MCL-1的表达下降。转染miR-26b可抑制MCF-7细胞的活力并诱导其发生凋亡。结论 miR-26b下调MCF-7细胞MCL-1蛋白的表达并诱导其发生凋亡。     

下调VEGFR-1基因表达对抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖的影响

目的利用小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)下调VEGFR-1基因的表达研究对乳腺癌增殖的影响。方法设计针对人VEGFR-1基因的小干扰RNA,直接化学合成,脂质体Lipofectamine~(TM)2000作为转染试剂,转染人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7,然后四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖变化,半定量RT-PCR和蛋白印迹试验检测VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,Hoechst33258荧光染色分析细胞凋亡。结果实验结果显示:下调VEGFR-1基因表达,乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖被抑制,VEGFR-1 mRNA和其蛋白的表达明显降低,Hoechst33258荧光染色显示转染siRNA72h后MCF-7细胞凋亡明显增加。结论化学合成的siRNA能成功下调VEGFR-1基因的表达,并抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖、增加凋亡;下调VEGFR-1基因的表达有可能是潜在的肿瘤治疗方法。     

下调VEGFR-1基因表达对抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖的影响

目的利用小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)下调VEGFR-1基因的表达研究对乳腺癌增殖的影响。方法设计针对人VEGFR-1基因的小干扰RNA,直接化学合成,脂质体Lipofectamine~(TM)2000作为转染试剂,转染人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7,然后四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖变化,半定量RT-PCR和蛋白印迹试验检测VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,Hoechst33258荧光染色分析细胞凋亡。结果实验结果显示:下调VEGFR-1基因表达,乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖被抑制,VEGFR-1 mRNA和其蛋白的表达明显降低,Hoechst33258荧光染色显示转染siRNA72h后MCF-7细胞凋亡明显增加。结论化学合成的siRNA能成功下调VEGFR-1基因的表达,并抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖、增加凋亡;下调VEGFR-1基因的表达有可能是潜在的肿瘤治疗方法。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

西林瓶装注射用水的装量检查分析

为了检查西林瓶装注射用水的实际分装量是否符合2005年版《药典》三部要求,按照2005年版《药典》三部中“生物制品分装和冻干规程”,分装规格为0．8ml的西林瓶装注射用水10000瓶,随机在分装过程的前、中、后阶段共抽取100瓶,轧盖、目检。分别用1ml标定注射器及1ml普通无菌注射器抽取每瓶注射用水的实际体积,以t检验法对实际抽取量与标示量的差值进行统计学分析,结果显示其与2005年版《药典》三部要求分装附加量为0．1ml相比有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。