青岛西海岸医疗中心室内设计评析

医院建筑的室内设计不仅要考虑医院整体的设计风格、功能分区等,还应注重色彩的选择,灯光的运用.文章介绍了青岛西海岸医疗中心的室内设计的理念及对该项目的一些体会,对关注目前医院室内设计的情况的人士有一定启发.     

Dietary trends of 10- and 13-year-old children in a biracial community--the Bogalusa Heart Study

Dietary intakes of two cross-sectional cohorts of 10-year-old children were collected in 1973 and 1976 to examine dietary trends over time. A longitudinal sample of the initial 1973 cohort examined at both 10 and 13 years of age identified changes in patterns and aging effect on intake. Significantly higher energy, total protein, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were noted for both 10- and 13-year-olds in 1976 compared with the 1973 sample. Saturated fat intake per 1,000/kcal was significantly lower but polyunsaturated fat was significantly higher per 1,000/kcal for the second 10-year-old group. Boys consumed more energy, protein, saturated fat, cholesterol, and iron than did girls. A sex X age interaction was noted for energy, sucrose, starch, and potassium, with boys ingesting more at 13 than at 10 years. A race X age interaction occurred for sodium, with black children having higher levels than white children at 10 but not at 13 years. Statistically significant correlations were noted between intake at 10 and 13 years of age for protein, cholesterol, and potassium for boys. Eighty-five percent of all children exceeded the protein Recommended Dietary Allowance. Over half the children exceeded the maximum recommended sodium range; potassium intakes were low. Excessive intakes of saturated fat, sucrose, animal protein, and sodium with low potassium and vegetable protein intakes create a potential health risk, influencing cardiovascular risk.     

西安交通大学附属儿童医院(西安市儿童医院)创建国家儿童区域医疗中心的实践探索

儿童健康事关家庭幸福和民族未来。加强儿童医疗卫生服务改革与发展,是健康中国建设和卫生健康事业发展的重要内容。西安交通大学附属儿童医院（西安市儿童医院）准确定位国家儿童区域医疗中心功能定位和职责任务,通过“引人才,带队伍,强专业”提高医疗质量;紧密依托高校,规范培训基地,促进人才培养;引进科研人才,建设重点实验室,加快科研转换;防治结合,防在治先,加强健康管理;建设智慧化医院,促进精细化管理,从而推动国家儿童区域性医疗中心的建设。     

Omaha childhood blood lead and environmental lead: a linear total exposure model

The majority of experimental and population studies of blood lead (PbB) and environmental lead, including the Omaha study, have utilized the Goldsmith-Hexter log-log or power function model. Comparison was made of the log-log model and a linear model of total exposure to describe the Omaha Study of 1074 PbBs from children ages 1-18 years as related to air (PbA), soil (PbS), and housedust (PbHD) lead. The data fit of the linear model was statistically equivalent to the power model and the predicted curves were biologically more plausible. The linear model avoids the mathematical limitations of the power model which predicts PbB zero at PbA zero. From the Omaha data, this model, ln PbB = ln (beta 0 + B1 PbA + B2 PbS + beta 3 PbHD) predicts that PbB increases 1.92 micrograms/dl as PbA increases 1.0 microgram/m3. Since PbS and PbHD increase with PbA, however, the increases in total exposure predict a PbB increase of 4-5 micrograms/dl as PbA increases 1.0 microgram/m3.     

部队中心医院大型医疗仪器管理的探讨

本文对部队中心医院大型医疗仪器的管理进行了初步的探讨 ,论述了部队中心医院大型医疗仪器的采购过程 ,同时对大型医疗仪器的使用管理、维修管理 ,经济管理三个方面进行了研究 ,提出了自己的一些不成熟的看法。     

Racial contrasts of blood pressure levels in two southern, rural communities

Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were obtained according to a standardized protocol in two biracial, rural, southern communities. Essentially, the same examination team and protocol were used in Franklinton and Bogalusa. No differences between the communities in mean height or weight (except for white boys) were observed. Blood pressure levels were 2-5 mm Hg higher in Franklinton, particularly in blacks ages 8-13 years. These differences could not be explained by differences in anthropometric measurements or observers. The difference may be due partly to the fact that larger numbers of students each morning were examined in Franklinton than Bogalusa in perhaps a more hurried environment. Most of the staff members, being from Bogalusa, were not familiar to the children in Franklinton (as they are in Bogalusa), and this may have created anxiety. The differences were small, however, when compared with differences observed among several populations using varying methods. Confirmation is given to the finding that height and weight, not age, are the strongest determinants of blood pressure level in growing children, giving a further clue toward development of an appropriate definition of hypertension in children.     

提高院前急救病历书写质量

院前急救病历是评价急救服务质量的重要依据,院前急救病历书写难是普遍问题.根据行业特点,从健全制度、设计表格化病历与专用病历、加强培训、开展质控活动、精确记录时间等方面,就如何提高院前急救病历书写质量进行了探索.     

The safety of the EDTA lead-mobilization test

The effect of the CaNa₂EDTA lead-mobilization test on renal function was determined in 122 patients. Three days, seven days, and four weeks after the test, the mean serum creatinine was not significantly increased. These data indicate that the EDTA test is not nephrotoxic even in patients with preexisting renal disease.     

东营市人民医院急诊急救中心暨内科病房综合楼工程设计

文章通过规划设计、单体设计、特色设计等,详细介绍了东营市人民医院新建急诊急救中心暨内科病房楼工程的设计和建设过程。该工程集急诊、部分门诊、医技、病房及保健等多功能于一体,可供基建工程管理者参考。     

The Dartmouth COOP Charts: A simple,reliable, valid and responsive quality of life tool for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The negative impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) is substantial. Measurement of HRQL is increasingly advocated in clinical practice; traditional outcome measures such as lung function are poorly responsive. However many HRQL tools are not user-friendly in the clinic setting. Hence HRQL is often neglected. The Dartmouth Cooperative Functional Assessment Charts (COOP) have the requisite attributes of a tool suitable for routine clinical practice: they are simple, reliable, quick and easy to perform and score and well accepted. We aimed to determine the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the COOP in patients with significant COPD. HRQL was assessed during a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 12 week cross-over interventional study of ambulatory oxygen in patients (n = 50) with COPD. Test–retest reliability of the COOP domains was only modest however it was measured over a 2 month period. Significant correlations ranging between 0.4 and 0.8 were observed between all comparable domains of the COOP and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Following ambulatory oxygen significant improvements were noted in all CRQ and HAD domains. Several domains of the generic SF-36 (role emotional, social functioning, role-physical) showed significant improvements. Comparable domains of the COOP (social activities, feelings) also showed significant improvements. The COOP change in health domain improved very significantly. The COOP is a simple, reliable HRQL tool which proved valid and responsive in our study population of COPD patients and may have a valuable role in routine clinical practice.     

The acute behavioral effects of diisopropyl fluorophosphate in the chicken, pigeon, and rhesus monkey

The effects following oral and intramuscular injection of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DEP) were studied in chickens and pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio, fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. The effects for both routes for DFP were also studied in chickens responding on a multiple fixed-ratio, time-out schedule of food presentation. In addition, the effects of intramuscular DFP were also studied in a rhesus monkey responding under a chain fixed-ratio, fixed-ratio schedule of sucrose presentation. The effects of DFP were to cause a general depression of fixed-ratio, fixed-interval, and time-out responding with no mean response rate increases. Doses producing behavioral effects also produced acute cholinergic effects in the chicken and the rhesus monkey but not in the pigeon. The potency and duration of DFP effects depended on the species and route of administration. The monkey was the most sensitive animal with the lowest active intramuscular dose (0.1 mg/kg) disrupting responding for 5 days. A higher dose (0.125 mg/kg) disrupted responding for 8 days. Intramuscular DFP disrupted responding in the chicken in a dose-related manner and with 0.25 mg/kg being the lowest active dose. Higher doses (0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg) disrupted responding for 2 days after administration. Oral DFP was much less potent than the intramuscular route in both chickens and pigeons, with a marginally active dose being 1 mg/kg. Effects following oral administration lasted less than 1 day. Potency was the same in the pigeon by both the oral and intramuscular routes.     

Protection by antioxidants against the toxicity of ozone to microbial systems

Antioxidants of a wide range of chemical classes were shown to protect a bacterium and a protozoan against ozone toxicity.     

Cardiomegaly in Northern Zambia: clinico-pathological observations

Massive cardiomegaly (heart weight above 400 g in females and 450 g in males) was studied in 26 Zambians examined post mortem. The aetiologies found were: hypertensive heart disease alone in six cases; hypertensive and alcoholic heart disease in two cases; alcoholic heart disease alone in five; alcoholic and pulmonary heart disease in one; alcohol with possible hypertensive heart disease in one. Eleven cases were classified as being idiopathic mainly due to lack of data and in five of these hypertension was suspected as being the cause. The series qualitatively represented the spectrum of non-rheumatic heart disease seen in patients admitted to the Central Hospital, Ndola, Zambia. Hypertension had a central role in the causation of massive cardiomegaly. Follow-up of several patients enabled observations on the cardiac effects of hypertension and alcoholism operating simultaneously and on the relationship between hypertension and congestive cardiomyopathy.     

Insertion technique, not design, affects expulsion rates of postpartum intrauterine device

A Lippes type intrauterine device (IUD) was modified to be used for immediate postpartum insertion. In 114 patients in whom the modified IUD was inserted immediately after delivery, expulsion rates at six months averaged approximately 30%. Expulsion rates were significantly different, at p less than 0.05, for women in whom the IUD was inserted digitally (19.5 +/- 5.6% at 6 months) compared to those in whom it was inserted using surgical forceps (39.6 +/- 7.1%). Furthermore, expulsion rates were higher for inexperienced inserters (p less than 0.01). We conclude that: 1) this modification of an otherwise standard IUD has a continued high expulsion rate, and 2) the technique of insertion has significant impact upon the likelihood of expulsion.     

紧急医疗救援指挥中心信息系统规划设计与研究

处理突发事件需要尽快建立一个具有现代化和国际化水平的紧急医疗救援指挥中心。从整合现有的“120”急救中心资源出发，按照“平战结合”的原则，综合运用先进的计算机网络技术、现代通信技术、呼叫中心系统、地理信息系统、卫星定位系统等建立和完善紧急医疗救援指挥中心。可以迅速提高政府在应对突发事件时实施紧急医疗救援的快速反应能力、指挥调度能力和防范处理能力。