89株非O1群霍乱弧菌的实验研究

霍乱弧菌是强烈性肠道传染病霍乱原菌，霍乱在人类历史上共发生过7次世界性大流行，前6次均起源于印度恒河三角洲，由古典生物型引起，第七次起源于印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛，由E1tor生物型引起，从1961年开始至今尚未停止，已持续38年，波及五大洲140余个国家和地区，引起数以百万计的病例。1992年10月在印度的马德拉斯和盂加拉湾又爆发了由一种新的霍乱血清群O139引起的类似霍乱的疾病，非O1群霍乱能引起胃肠炎，又能引起全身各部位的感染，其中某些菌株产生霍乱肠毒素。本对部分非01群霍乱弧菌的生化特性、VB0血清分型、药敏实验进行了研究。     

非O1群霍乱弧菌检测及其毒性分析

非O1群霍乱弧菌是指除O1群霍乱弧菌和O139群霍乱弧菌以外的霍乱弧菌的总称，是引起我市夏、秋季腹泻和食物中毒的主要病原菌，一般认为食用受该类细菌污染的水产品等是诱发腹泻疾病的主要因素，其发病率超过沙门菌、志贺菌。有研究显示，该类弧菌很可能是新型霍乱弧菌产生的重要来源，是一个潜在的病原微生物库。其重要性正被重新认识。为此，本文对人群中的非O1群霍乱弧菌携带及其毒性进行研究。现将结果报告如下。     

非O1群霍乱弧菌致病因子检测与分析

〔目的〕非O1群霍乱弧菌有多种致病因子引能起人群腹泻 ,为了解非O1群霍乱弧菌中致病性因子 ,对其进行检测与分析。〔方法〕用平板法和试管法测定溶血素 ;用小鼠测定非O1群霍乱弧菌菌株的急性毒性 ;用VTEC -RPLA法测定菌株的Vero毒素 ;用EIA法测定菌株的ST毒素 ;用PCR法测定菌株的CT毒素。〔结果〕非O1群霍乱弧菌平板法溶血素 2 2 6株阳性 ,阳性率为 94.4% ;试管法溶血素 2 2 0株阳性 ,阳性率为 88.9% ;未检出耐热性溶血素。产ST毒素的菌株186株 ,阳性率为 78.8%。 45株产VTl毒素 ,67株产VT2毒素 ,同时产VTl和VT2两种毒素的 3 5株。 3株非O1群霍乱弧菌检出CT毒素其因 ,产毒率为 1.3 %。〔结论〕检测发现非O1群霍乱弧菌对小鼠有较强的致病能力 ,说明其对人群的危害较大、毒性较强 ;检出CT毒素说明非O1群霍乱弧菌具有引起重症腹泻 (霍乱样腹泻 )的能力 ;检出溶血素、ST毒素、Vero毒素致病因子 ,说明非O1群霍乱弧菌的致病因子有多种。由于菌株发生CT毒素基因频度较低 ,目前不可能成为非O1群霍乱弧菌腹泻的主要的致病因素 ,而菌株发生溶血素、ST毒素、Vero毒素的频度较高 ,尤其是溶血素、ST毒素 ,有可能是非O1群霍乱弧菌的主要致病因子。     

115株非O—I群霍乱弧菌的鉴定结果

非 O—I 群霍乱弧菌是世界公认的急性腹泻病原学之一。近几年来随着我国对细菌性腹泻病原学的深入探索,对新的致病弧菌引起的疾病也相应的发现,为了解非 O—I 群霍乱弧菌的分布及致病性,掌握其流行规律,为防冶工作提供科学依据,我们于1991年6～9月份在第一医院、第     

从腹泻病人分离出14株非O1群霍乱弧菌

非O1群霍乱弧菌能引起急性腹泻 ,是一群重要的肠道致病菌。近来有关该菌引起腹泻及食物中毒的报道显著增加 ,引起了广泛的关注。为了解本区非O1群霍乱弧菌的感染情况 ,掌握其流行趋势 ,我们对区内各医院、卫生院肠道门诊腹泻病人进行监测 ,从中分离出 14株非O1群霍乱弧菌 ,并对菌株的各种生物学性状进行初步研究 ,现报告如下 :1　材料与方法1.1　检材　本区各医院、卫生院肠道门诊腹泻病人的腹泻物或肛拭子。1.2　培养基　碱性胨水 ,自制 ;4号琼脂 ,由杭州微生物试剂厂牛产 ;TCBS琼脂、克氏双糖铁琼脂 ,上海医化试剂厂提供。1.3　微量生…     

89株非O_1群霍乱弧菌的实验研究

霍乱弧菌是强烈性肠道传染病霍乱原菌 ,霍乱在人类历史上共发生过 7次世界性大流行 ,前 6次均起源于印度恒河三角洲 ,由古典生物型引起 ,第七次起源于印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛 ,由Eltor生物型引起 ,从 196 1年开始至今尚未停止 ,已持续 38年 ,波及五大洲 14 0余个国家和地区 ,引起数以百万计的病例。 1992年 10月在印度的马德拉斯和孟加拉湾又爆发了由一种新的霍乱血清群O139引起的类似霍乱的疾病 ,非O1群霍乱能引起胃肠炎 ,又能引起全身各部位的感染 ,其中某些菌株产生霍乱肠毒素。本文对部分非O1群霍乱弧菌的生化特性、VBO血清分型、药敏实验进行了研究     

1株不典型非O1群霍乱弧菌的发现及鉴定

目的 对1株从肝硬化患者血液中分离的病原菌进行鉴定.方法 按霍乱弧菌的鉴定标准和方法进行细菌学表型特征(包括形态学、培养特性、生化特征)、血清学鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析.结果 从患者血液中分离获得1株病原菌HN 9837,该菌株的形态学、培养特性、生化特征、血清学诊断和分子生物学诊断结果基本符合非O1群霍乱弧菌定义;但与普通霍乱弧菌在甘露醇发酵及赖氨酸利用、柠檬酸盐利用试验结果存在差异.结论 海南省首次在肝硬化患者血液中分离出非O1群霍乱弧菌,该菌为1株不发酵甘露醇、赖氨酸且柠檬酸盐利用试验阴性的不典型霍乱弧菌.     

广东地区212株非O_1群霍乱弧菌血清学分型

本文报道应用国内新研制的一套81种分型血清体系对广东地区212株非O_1群霍乱弧菌进行血清分型试验的结果。在212株菌中有175株可以分型,37株未能定型需要进一步研究。从急性腹泻病人粪便获得的175株菌中共有31个血清型,以O_7和O_2占优势。从水源获得的3株菌中有2个血清型(O_5 和O_8)。从海产品获得的34株菌中有9个血清型,其中O_(12)、O_(16)和O_(28)为优势血清型。试验结果肯定该分型血清系统比较实用,在此基础上应进一步建立一套更简单,分型率更高的血清分型系统。     

青岛发现产色素非01群霍乱弧菌

非０１群霍乱弧菌在环境水中广泛存在［１,２,３,４］,在夏秋季节,比较容易分离到Ｏ除Ｏ１３９外,主要引起水产养殖动物病害和人类腹泻。因此,其生物学特征和致病性受到广泛关注,产色素做为少数非０１群霍乱弧菌的重要特征之一亦日益得到重视［２,３］。在日常的霍乱疫源检索中,我们首次分离到１株产褐色素非０１群霍乱弧菌,对其生物学特征、毒力和药物敏感性进行了系统研究。１材料与方法１．１菌株来源与分离鉴定 菌株来源于环境水样,分离鉴定方法按卫生部防疫司《霍乱防治手册》（１９８７年第四版）进行。１．２所用培养基 …     

Ribotypes of clinical Vibrio cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains in relation to O-serotypes

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 in 1992 and reports of an increasing number of other non-O1 serogroups being associated with diarrhoea, stimulated us to characterize V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains received at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan for serotyping. Ribotyping with the restriction enzyme BglI of 103 epidemiological unrelated mainly clinical strains representing 10 O-serotypes yielded 67 different typing patterns. Ribotype similarity within each serotype was compared by using the Dice coefficient (Sd) and different levels of homogeneity were observed (serotypes O5, O41 and O17, Sd between 82 and 90%: serotypes O13 and O141 Sd of 72; and O2, O6, O7, O11, O24 Sd of 62-66%). By cluster analysis, the strains were divided into several clusters of low similarity suggesting a high level of genetic diversity. A low degree of similarity between serotypes and ribotypes was found as strains within a specific serotypes often did not cluster but clustered with strains from other serotypes. However, epidemiological unrelated O5 strains showed identical or closely related ribotypes suggesting that these strains have undergone few genetic changes and may correspond to a clonal line. Surprisingly, 10 of 16 O141 strains studied contained a cholera toxin (CT) gene, including 7 strains recovered from stool and water samples in the United States. This is to our knowledge the first report of CT-positive clinical O141 strains. The closely related ribotypes shown by eight CT-positive strains is disturbing and suggest that these strains may be of a clonal origin and have the potential to cause cholera-like disease. Despite the low degree of correlation found between ribotypes and serotypes, both methods appears to be valuable techniques in studying the epidemiology of emerging serotypes of V. cholerae.     

Transferable plasmid-mediated drug resistance among non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and rough strains of Vibrio cholerae from Tamilnadu, India

A total of 289 non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (NVC) strains and 20 rough V. cholerae (RVC) strains isolated in an endemic area were tested for antibiotic resistance and for transferable R-plasmids. Twenty three per cent of NVC and 40% of the RVC isolates were found to be resistant to one or more drugs. Eight NVC and four RVC strains possessed multiple drug resistance, varying from four to eight drugs. The common spectrum found in NVC isolates were chloramphenicol and streptomycin (CS) or chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin (CSTA). Resistance to sulphamethoxazole (Su) and to trimethoprim (Tm) was encountered infrequently. In RVC isolates in addition CSTASuTm determinants, resistance markers to aminoglycosides kanamycin, gentamicin and neomycin were also found. Eighteen of the 27 V. cholerae strains with two or more resistance determinants transferred them en bloc to Escherichia coli K12. The level of resistance in the recipient strain was equal to or greater than that of the donor vibrio strains. Most of the strains possessing solitary resistance markers were unable to transfer them. beta-lactamase production could be demonstrated in 92.8% of the ampicillin resistant strains. None of the strains was resistant to nalidixic acid or furazolidone. The results emphasize the importance of antimicrobic susceptibility determination of V. cholerae isolates, regardless of the serotypes, before commencing chemotherapy.     

非O1/非O139群霍乱弧菌感染病例分离株分子流行病学分析

目的 分析安徽省马鞍山市连续2个月内监测到的6例具有霍乱疑似症状、感染非O1/非O139群霍乱弧菌的病例,判断疫情的聚集性.方法 对病例分离株进行生化和血清型别鉴定以及溶血试验,药敏试验检测抗生素耐药谱,应用荧光PCR和常规PCR进行霍乱弧菌特异基因、毒力及其相关基因的检测,包括ompW、ctx 、tcpA、toxR、hlyA 、zot、ace、rstR和gⅢCTX,应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析其分子型别.结果 生化鉴定和血清学试验鉴别腹泻病例6株菌株为非O1/非O139霍乱弧菌,均产生β溶血;14种药物中有12种属于全部敏感;荧光PCR检测霍乱弧菌特异性基因ompW均为阳性,ctx、tcpA 、zot、ace、rstR和gⅢCTX基因均为阴性,toxR 、hlyA基因有5株菌扩增阳性,1株菌(1001434446)为阴性;PFGE显示6株菌带型均不相同,但有2株非常相似,分离株与霍乱弧菌产毒株相似性很低.结论 6例感染非产毒的非O1/非O139群霍乱弧菌病例发病虽相对集中,但属于散发病例,在局部地区频繁出现,提示其公共卫生意义不可忽视.     

Transferable plasmid-mediated drug resistance among non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and rough strains of Vibrio cholerae from Tamilnadu, India.

A total of 289 non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (NVC) strains and 20 rough V. cholerae (RVC) strains isolated in an endemic area were tested for antibiotic resistance and for transferable R-plasmids. Twenty three per cent of NVC and 40% of the RVC isolates were found to be resistant to one or more drugs. Eight NVC and four RVC strains possessed multiple drug resistance, varying from four to eight drugs. The common spectrum found in NVC isolates were chloramphenicol and streptomycin (CS) or chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin (CSTA). Resistance to sulphamethoxazole (Su) and to trimethoprim (Tm) was encountered infrequently. In RVC isolates in addition CSTASuTm determinants, resistance markers to aminoglycosides kanamycin, gentamicin and neomycin were also found. Eighteen of the 27 V. cholerae strains with two or more resistance determinants transferred them en bloc to Escherichia coli K12. The level of resistance in the recipient strain was equal to or greater than that of the donor vibrio strains. Most of the strains possessing solitary resistance markers were unable to transfer them. beta-lactamase production could be demonstrated in 92.8% of the ampicillin resistant strains. None of the strains was resistant to nalidixic acid or furazolidone. The results emphasize the importance of antimicrobic susceptibility determination of V. cholerae isolates, regardless of the serotypes, before commencing chemotherapy.     

Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae non-O1.

A collection of 64 clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strains isolated in Asia and Peru were characterized by molecular methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing. All strains were resistant to at least 1 and 80% were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Several strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance (> or = three antibiotics). Plasmids most often of low molecular weight were found in 21/64 (33%) strains. The presence of plasmids did not correlate with antibiotic resistance or influence ribotype patterns. In colony hybridization studies 63/64 (98%) V. cholerae non-O1 strains were cholera toxin negative, whereas only strains recovered from patients were heat-stable enterotoxin positive. Forty-seven Bgl I ribotypes were observed. No correlation was shown between ribotype and toxin gene status. Ribotype similarity was compared by cluster analysis and two main groups of 13 and 34 ribotypes was found. Ribotyping is apparently a useful epidemiological tool in investigations of V. cholerae non-O1 infections.     

Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 associated with seawater and plankton from coastal marine areas of the Caribbean Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize the virulence properties and the antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae isolates from a coastal area of the Caribbean Sea. Three V. cholerae isolates were obtained from seawater and plankton using the HP selective medium for Helicobacter pylori. These V. cholerae isolates belonged to the non-O1, non-O139 serogroups and they did not have cholera toxin genes. They were resistant to penicillins and some cephalosporins and were sensitive to netilmicin, tetracyclines, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and quinolones. This is the first study that provides biochemical and molecular evidence of non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae isolates, non-toxigenic, carrying antibiotic resistance in seawater and plankton from a coastal area of the Caribbean Sea.