我国卫生监督机构科室人力资源配置现况研究

目的 了解我国卫生监督机构人力资源配置现况.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法选取样本,应用SPSS13.0软件对样本卫生监督机构科室人力资源配置状况进行统计分析.结果 (1)在样本机构中卫生执法科室人员配置数最多.(2)各科室年龄梯度分布合理,行政后勤科室人员平均年龄最高.(3)综合业务科室、卫生执法科室和行政后勤科室人员综合素质评分成递减趋势.结论 卫生监督人力资源分科室配置基本合理,但人员综合素质评分存在着科室差异和地区差异,西部行政后勤科室综合素质评分较低.     

9省77县卫生监督机构人力资源配置现况研究

目的 了解县级卫生监督机构人力资源配置现况,探索县级卫生监督人力资源优化配置的措施.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法选取样本,应用SPSS13.0软件对县级样本卫生监督机构人力资源配置状况进行统计分析.结果 (1)样本机构平均配置监督人员32人,其中东、中、西部平均分别为39、43和14人;(2)卫生监督人员平均年龄为38.09岁;(3)高级、中级、初级和无职称的比例约为1∶6∶7∶4;(4)人员综合素质评分存在地区差异,西部较低为5.33.结论 县级卫生监督机构人力资源配置有待于进一步的优化,特别是西部地区.     

我国卫生监督机构适宜人力配置标准研究

作者提出我国卫生监督机构人力配置标准。以履行公共职能为原则,以工作效率提高为前提,通过对现有人力配置的调整获得人力配置标准。按100%落实卫生监督公共职能计,直辖市市级卫生监督机构人力配置标准为177人,直辖市区级卫生监督机构为81人;省级卫生监督机构为129人,市级卫生监督机构为86人,县级卫生监督机构为37人;全国需要配置142915人,与全国现有人力的缺口为52.3%。总结出要想切实落实卫生监督职能,配备适宜的人力是当务之急。     

我国卫生监督机构财政收支状况分析

研究采用分层整群抽样的方法选取样本,通过对我国东、中、西部11省共209个样本卫生监督机构的调查,分析我国卫生监督机构财政收入、财政支出水平。结果显示:2005年,样本卫生监督机构总收入平均为302.2万元,总支出平均为314.3万元,政府投入占卫生监督机构支出比例的平均水平为73.0%,县级政府这一比例仅为55.8%。而大多数"全额拨款"机构与其单位性质不相符,真正实现全额拨款的也只有20.4%的机构,甚至有0.5%的机构政府投入为0。提示政府尚未真正承担其卫生监督机构的筹资职能。     

两直辖市卫生监督机构人员流动情况分析

目的 了解直辖市卫生监督机构人员流动情况.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法选取样本,应用SPSS13.0软件对样本卫生监督机构人员流动情况进行统计分析.结果 (1)样本地区卫生监督机构存在"质"和"量"的流失;(2)样本地区卫生监督机构流入人员以本科学历、初级职称和＜30岁为主,流出人员以大专、初中级职称和＞40岁为主;(3)样本地区卫生监督机构人员流入方式主要是组织调用和学生就业,流出方式则以组织调用为主.结论 直辖市卫生监督机构存在人才流失现象,流动呈现"高学历流入、高职称流出"的趋势,组织调用是控制卫生监督机构人员合理流动的重要手段.     

四川省卫生监督机构人力资源现状调查

目的了解四川省三级卫生监督机构人力资源配置的现况,为建立结构合理的卫生监督执法队伍提供参考。方法采取全样本抽取的方法,调查四川省2016年省、市、县三级卫生监督机构配置人力资源的基本情况,按年龄、学历、职称等方面进行统计和分析。结果四川省卫生监督人员数量不足,学历偏低,年龄结构不合理。川西、川北、川中、川南卫生监督人员在人员数量、监督人员负责服务范围、学历构成方面存在显著性差异,川西地区监督人员数量不足情况尤为严重。结论各级卫生监督机构应重视卫生监督工作,应加强卫生监督人员队伍建设,提高监督人员综合素质,采取相应措施使得监督机构能够引得进人、留得住人,从而促进卫生监督工作更加全面、更加细致的开展。     

我国不同级别卫生监督机构突发公共卫生事件处理现状研究

目的 了解我国省市县3级卫生监督机构突发公共卫生事件处理现状,为政策制订提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法选取样本,应用SPSS13.0软件对样本卫生监督机构突发公共卫生事件处理情况进行统计分析.结果 (1)省、市级卫生监督机构食物中毒处理起数年度间变动较大,而县级卫生监督机构则较稳定,三级机构突发公共卫生事件原因查明率年存在逐年波动趋势.(2)省级卫生监督机构急性职业中毒处理起数绝对值要高于市、县级,而原因查明率方面省、市和县级卫生监督机构都比较稳定并保持较高的水平.(3)省、市、县级卫监机构传染病爆发处理起数变化不大,而原因查明率方面三级卫生监督机构都比较稳定并保持较高的水平.结论 三级卫生监督机构食物中毒原因查明率都有待提高.     

我国卫生监督机构流动人员现状分析

本文采用分层整群抽样方法选取样本,对我国东中西部、省市县级共153个样本卫生监督机构流动人员现状进行调查分析,结果表明流入人员以30岁以下组、本科学历、初级职称为主,流出人员以中老年、本科学历、中级职称为主.提示卫生监督机构需加强对新进人员的培养,尽可能保证卫生监督队伍的稳定性.     

我国卫生监督机构人力资源配置现状及空间分布研究

目的:研究我国卫生监督机构人力资源的配置现状与空间分布演变,为卫生监督体系的改革发展提供依据.方法:运用集聚度指标评价卫生监督人力资源配置的公平性,采用空间自相关模型分析卫生监督人员的空间分布及演变.结果:2014—2019年,我国卫生监督机构的人员配置总量与卫生技术人员数分别下降4.93％和8.76％;2019年,各...     

2012年我国卫生监督机构房屋配置现状研究

目的了解我国卫生监督机构房屋建设现状,发现房屋建设中存在的问题,针对现存问题提出建议。方法研究采用普查与系统抽样相结合的方法,对我国省、市、县级共611家卫生监督机构的房屋建筑基本情况进行问卷调查。比较不同机构的房屋建筑规模、人均房屋面积和产权房面积占工作用房面积的比例等方面的差异,分析卫生监督机构房屋建设中存在的问题。结果全国卫生监督机构房屋建筑规模达标率为21.23%,人均房屋面积达标率为33.39%,房屋建筑规模和人均房屋面积均达标的卫生监督机构占样本调查机构的17.95%,多数卫生监督机构房屋无产权。结论政府应进一步加强卫生监督机构房屋建设,优先考虑房屋建筑规模尚未达标的卫生监督机构房屋建设。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Increase in social inequality in health expectancy in Denmark

AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。