武汉市大学生艾滋病防治宣传教育现状及需求调查

目的了解大学生对艾滋病知识的需求及艾滋病防治教育的现状,为制定有针对性的健康教育和综合防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,在湖北省武汉市7所不同类型高校不同专业共抽取2 059名大学生作为研究对象,进行问卷调查。结果46.33%的被调查者认为自己掌握的艾滋病防治知识不够。被调查的大学生艾滋病知识来源依次为大众传媒、相关书籍和学校教育,21.95%的人认为学校从没有开展有关艾滋病防治的活动。27.00%的学生对当前学校艾滋病防治教育状况明确表示不满意,表示很满意和较满意者仅占12.78%。学生认为学校对艾滋病健康教育存在不足之处主要有:学校不够重视,宣传内容过于理论化,宣传形式单一,缺乏长期可持续性宣教模式,可及性差。结论高校艾滋病防治宣教措施存在不足,不能满足艾滋病防治需要,高校应建立可持续性的干预措施对大学生进行艾滋病健康教育。     

武汉市大学生艾滋病防治宣传教育现状及需求调查

目的 了解大学生对艾滋病知识的需求及艾滋病防治教育的现状,为制定有针对性的健康教育和综合防治措施提供科学依据.方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,在湖北省武汉市7所不同类型高校不同专业共抽取2059名大学生作为研究对象,进行问卷调查.结果 46.33%的被调查者认为自己掌握的艾滋病防治知识不够.被调查的大学生艾滋病知识来源依次为大众传媒、相关书籍和学校教育,21.95%的人认为学校从没有开展有关艾滋病防治的活动.27.00%的学生对当前学校艾滋病防治教育状况明确表示不满意,表示很满意和较满意者仅占12.78%.学生认为学校对艾滋病健康教育存在不足之处主要有:学校不够重视,宣传内容过于理论化,宣传形式单一,缺乏长期可持续性宣教模式,可及性差.结论 高校艾滋病防治宣教措施存在不足,不能满足艾滋病防治需要,高校应建立可持续性的干预措施对大学生进行艾滋病健康教育.     

江西省某高校大学生AIDS认知状况及健康教育需求现状调查

[目的]了解大学生对艾滋病知识的需求及艾滋病防治教育的现状,为制定有针对性的健康教育和综合防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]选择某高校572名大学生作为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷以匿名方式统一进行调查。[结果]大学生艾滋病知识主要来源于大众传媒、相关书籍;AIDS相关知识回答正确率平均为33.9%～96.9%。[结论]高校对艾滋病防治宣传教育的重视程度不够,大学生对艾滋病各方面知识的需求很高,高校应该针对大学生的特点及需求开展艾滋病健康教育,提高大学生对艾滋病的认知水平,形成正确的行为和态度,控制艾滋病的传播。     

湖南省高校艾滋病知识宣传教育调研分析

目的 了解湖南省在校大学生对艾滋病知识的获得途径以及高校艾滋病知识宣传教育开展情况,探索适合该群体的有效健康教育方法。方法 采取分层随机整群抽样方法,用自行编制的调查问卷对湖南省32所高校2595名在校大学生进行艾滋病相关知识及高校开展艾滋病知识宣传教育问卷调查。结果 大学生在校期间接受过艾滋病预防教育者占79.85%(2072/2595),艾滋病知识获得的主要途径为健康教育课和网络。43.58%(1131/2595)的大学生认为高校艾滋病知识宣传教育开展的主要组织为校医院或卫生科占,其次为学生公益类社团43.20%（1121/2595）。有54.30%的大学生对高校开展的艾滋病预防宣传教育是比较满意。在对其中20所高校调查中仅有10所高校设有健康教育教研室,每学期安排2个课时对大学生进行防艾知识专题教育。结论 高校应加强艾滋病知识宣传教育工作,针对大学生自身特点,建议各高校开展多种形式的艾滋病知识健康教育。     

福建省医学生艾滋病相关知信行状况调查

目的了解在校医学生的艾滋病（AIDS）相关知识、态度和行为状况,探索开展健康教育的模式。方法整群抽取两所医学院校本科生进行匿名问卷调查。结果医学生AIDS知识知晓率为88.4%,对有些内容仍存在误解;今后愿意接诊AIDS感染者/病人的占73.8%;40.7%的学生对婚前性行为持反对态度;5.8%发生过性行为;95.3%认为应在高校开展AIDS防治宣传教育;98.2%认为应开展性健康教育。结论在学校开展系统的AIDS防治和性健康教育工作十分重要,在提高知晓率的同时应注重行为的改变。     

延安市809名大学生艾滋病知识态度行为调查

[日的]了解延安市大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度和个人行为,以便探索在大学生中更有效地开展艾滋病健康教育的方法. [方法]2006年5月,分层随机整群抽取延安大学1-3年级部分大学生进行间卷调查. [结果]调查809名大学生,大多数知晓艾滋病的基本知识,对母婴传播和艾滋病非传播途径的知晓率较低,多数知识的知晓率医学生与非医学生的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);60%以上的学生认为应强行隔离HIV携带者,70%左右认为艾滋病病人应继续学习和工作,30%表示不会与艾滋病病人平等相处,40%左右表示会主动获取艾滋病相关知识,认为为了预防芰滋病应推广安全套者所占比例非医学生为71.61%,医学生为78.31%(P<0.05);赞成多个性伴侣的占12.86%,赞成商业性行为者占10.63%,承认发生过性行为者占3.71%.[结论]延安市大学生艾滋病相关知识知晓率不高,态度不正确,存在危险行为.在学校开展艾滋病健康教育是预防学生艾滋病的最方便和有效的途径之一.     

974名民族大学学生艾滋病知识态度调查

目的了解民族大学生艾滋病健康教育现状与不同专业大学生的差异,为民族学校开展艾滋病健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样方法,随机抽取我校一、二、三和四年级974名本科学生进行了问卷调查。结果学生对于3大传播途径掌握好,正答率均在90%以上,其他知识了解较片面。学生中普遍存在害怕、歧视态度。医学生与非医学生掌握艾滋病知识及对待艾滋病的态度、行为差异有统计学意义,医学生优于非医学生。结论现阶段的艾滋病知识教育片面单一,对学生的态度教育不够。艾滋病宣传活动宜根据学生的专业特点及需求制定内容。     

高职医学生艾滋病防治知识及其影响因素分析

目的了解高职医学生对艾滋病综合防治知识的知晓情况与影响因素,为卫生职业院校开展艾滋病健康教育和防控提供科学依据。方法采用《2016版全国艾滋病哨点监测健康调查问卷》(青年学生调查问卷),通过分层整群随机抽样,对卫生职业院校1 123名学生的艾滋病防治知识及进行问卷调查,并采用单因素分析方法和多重线性回归分析对滋病防治知识得分影响因素进行分析。结果高职医学生艾滋病防控知识得分为(6.80±1.12)分,最低为2分,最高8分,知晓率为64.7%;多重线性回归分析结果显示,年级、专业、是否接受或参加艾滋病宣传是艾滋病防治知识得分的主要影响因素。结论本次调查的高职医学生艾滋病防治知识得分偏低,知晓率低于国家要求水平。提高高职医学生艾滋病防治知识认知水平,降低艾滋病相关危险性行为,学校需有针对性地加强艾滋病健康教育与防控。     

金华市农村中学生艾滋病健康教育需求调查

目的调查农村中学生艾滋病防治知识来源与健康教育需求,为农村中学生开展预防与控制艾滋病健康教育提供适宜方法。方法随机抽取金华市金东区农村4所中学3 717名学生,开展艾滋病防治知识来源与健康教育需求调查,并进行数据统计分析。结果农村中学生经广播电视获得防治艾滋病知识的占57.73%,从家长和学校课堂获得的仅为2.15%与5.03%;中学生赞成课外开展艾滋病健康教育的占62.55%。针对提出的6种健康教育形式无明显偏向。结论农村中学开展健康教育形式要多种并存,时间短、内容精的效果较好。     

医学生有关艾滋病知识、态度的调查

为了解医学生有关艾滋病的知识、态度,1997年调查青岛医学院311名1～4年级医学本科生.用单纯随机抽样,选择回答问题.大部分医学生艾滋病知识掌握较好,对艾滋病病人及艾滋病的健康教育态度正确,有关艾滋病知识的来源主要是医学书籍和传播媒介,但是比较完全了解艾滋病的主要临床表现的学生只占2.6%;部分医学生对艾滋病的传播途径认识不清,对艾滋病病人及艾滋病的健康教育态度不正确.因此,在医学院校有关专业的教学中应加强有关艾滋病知识的教育,培养医学生对艾滋病病人的正确态度.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.     

The Life Events Inventory: re-scaling based on an occupational sample.

The objective of this study was to compare the validity of the original weightings used by the Life Events Inventory (LEI) with those obtained from a contemporary occupational sample. Fifty male and 62 female manufacturing employees (age range 16-55 years) assigned scores to each item on a slightly modified version of the LEI scale. The current sample consistently assigned higher weights to events/items than did the original sample, but there was high agreement in terms of item ranking. Some distinct age and gender differences in scoring were apparent, and are discussed further. It was concluded that when separate weightings are employed for age and gender groups, the LEI remains a useful tool for quantifying background levels of stress in both workplace stress audits and epidemiological studies where statistical control for non-occupational sources of stress is required.     

Maxillofacial injuries related to work accidents: a new concept of a hospital-based full electronic occupational trauma surveillance system

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of occupational maxillofacial injuries using a newly installed relational database. Twenty-six injuries were identified out of 28,624 patients admitted to the emergency unit during a 12 month period. Falls from height or being struck by moving objects were common causes of these injuries. Two-thirds of those identified were construction workers. This paper demonstrates the power of modern databases to identify specific occurrences that may provide the basis for prevention in the future.     

Rôles physiologiques des endocannabinoïdes dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique

Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipids which modulate the release of neurotransmitters and activate different signaling pathways, through the binding to cannabinoïd receptors, CB1 and CB2. Endocannabinoids are involved in the control of a variety of behavioural and neuroendocrine functions, including feeding behaviour. In the central nervous system, they essentially modulate the expression of orexigen or anorexigen neuropeptides thus resulting in the stimulation of food intake. Their peripheral targets are mainly the liver and the white adipose tissue where they stimulate lipogenesis, through the modulation of several enzymes and proteins expressions. Cannabinoïd receptor agonists are nowadays prescribed to improve appetite of people suffering from cancer or AIDS. In the same way, CB1 antagonist, such as Rimonabant, could provide efficient treatment of obesity.     

Stress in police officers: a study of the origins,prevalence and severity of stress-related symptoms within a county police force

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress-related illness are causing concern across industry. Against a background of impending legislative moves to try to improve this situation, there is a need to identify key work-related stressors. Police work tends to be regarded as inherently stressful because of the personal risk of exposure to confrontation and violence and the day-to-day involvement in a variety of traumatic incidents. As a result, high levels of stress-related symptoms might be expected in this population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the sources of stress-related symptoms within police officers and measure the prevalence of significant associated mental ill-health. METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a population of 1206 police officers was performed to assess levels of strain associated with a series of potential home and work related stressors. Participants were then split into low and high scoring groups on the basis of a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) threshold score in order to identify those stressors most associated with mental ill-health effects. RESULTS: Occupational stressors ranking most highly within the population were not specific to policing, but to organizational issues such as the demands of work impinging upon home life, lack of consultation and communication, lack of control over workload, inadequate support and excess workload in general. The high scoring group constituted 41% of the population and differed significantly from those with low scores in perception of all stressors, ranking both personal and occupational stressors more highly, and from personality constraints appeared significantly more 'stress-prone'. A significant association between gender and mental ill-health was found, with females more likely to score more highly on the GHQ than males. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous findings of organizational culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree of symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a possible increased susceptibility in female officers.