镍作业工人细胞免疫功能、血清硒和过氧化脂质含量的变化

９６名镍作业工人测定结果：非特异酯酶阳性细胞百分率（ＡＮＡＥ＋％）为７６．８％±８．０％，Ｔ细胞亚群ＣＤ２、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８阳性细胞百分率（ＣＤ＋２％、ＣＤ＋４％、ＣＤ＋８％）及ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值分别为６５．６％±１０．５％、５６．３％±１２．１％、３４．３％±８．２％和１．７６±０．６；酵母多糖刺激的外周血多形核白细胞化学发光（ＰＭＮ－ＣＬ）本底和峰值分别为４８±２３和３０７３±６８４ＣＰＳ／１０６ＰＭＮ；血清硒和丙二醛含量分别为１．２２±０．２３和４．７６±０．８８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。与非镍作业的地区对照组比较，Ｔ细胞ＣＤ＋８％增高，ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值下降，化学发光的本底值降低，峰值增加，血清Ｓｅ含量下降，丙二醛含量升高。分析镍作业工人工龄与后三项指标变化的关系，工龄大于２０年与小于１０年有统计学上明显差别。这些观察指标为镍作业人员医学观察增加新的监护指标提供依据。     

镍对作业工人脂质过氧化损伤及硒的保护效果观察

测定９６名镍作业工人血清硒（Ｓｅ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量分别为１．２２±０．２３和４．７６±０．８８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，与地区对照组（２５名非镍作业人员）的结果（分别为１．４４±０．１９和３．０６±０．７１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）相比，血清Ｓｅ水平降低，ＭＤＡ含量显著增高，提示镍对作业工人的脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）可能有损伤作用；将镍作业工人分为补硒组和平行对照组观察，结果补硒组在补硒后６和１２个月时血清Ｓｅ水平分别增至１．３２±０．１４和１．６２±０．１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＭＤＡ含量降至３．９１±０．４７和３．３４±０．５２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，而平行对照组无明显变化，表明补硒对镍致作业工人的ＬＰＯ损伤作用有较好的拮抗或防护效果。     

补硒对镍作业人员T淋巴细胞免疫功能的调节

将受试的近百名火法冶炼镍的作业人员分成补硒（１２５μｇ／ｄ）和补硒对照组，分别在补硒前、补硒半年及一年后测定外周血ＷＢＣ总数、分类、非特异酯酶阳性（ＡＮＡＥ￣＋）细胞％、Ｔ淋巴细胞ＣＤ及其亚群ＣＤ、ＣＤ及ＣＤ／ＣＤ比值。与补硒前比，补硒后一年ＡＮＡＥ￣＋％由７９．０±８．０上升到８４．０±４．０％，ＣＤ由６５．０±１０．０升高到７４．０±５．０％，ＣＤ由３４．０±６．０降至２７．０±５．０％，ＣＤ／ＣＤ比值由１．６±０．６增高到２．１±０．３。补硒一年后与相应的补硒对照组比，上述指标有改善或恢复。提示补硒对继续从事镍作业人员的Ｔ细胞％降低有回升的效果。对Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ和ＣＤ／ＣＤ比值的增减也有调节作用，使其亚群组成比例趋于正常。补硒对Ｔ淋巴细胞％变化的调节作用可能与它抗脂质过氧化作用有关。     

反复呼吸道感染儿童细胞免疫与体液免疫研究

摘要：目的　探讨细胞免疫状态和体液免疫状况与儿童反复呼吸道感染（ｒｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ, ＲＲＴＩ）的关系。方法　选取２０１２年７月至２０１６年７月,南京医科大学附属江宁医院确诊为ＲＲＴＩ的患者 ９０例（ＲＲＴＩ组）,并以同期９０例社区获得性肺炎患儿（肺炎组）和９０例健康体检儿童（正常组） 作为对 照,采用流式细胞仪检测所有患儿Ｔ 细胞亚群,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中免疫球蛋白,采用ｌｏｇｉｓ ｔｉｃｓ回归探讨患儿反复呼吸道感染发生的风险因素。结果　ＲＲＴＩ组、肺炎组和正常组患儿ＣＤ３＋ 、ＣＤ４＋ 、 ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋ 水平间差异均有统计学意义（犉＝４．２１、３．９２、４．０８,犘＜０．０５）。三组患儿ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ 水平间的差异均有统计学意义（犉＝４．７６、５．１４、５．５３,犘＜０．０５）。多因素ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ分析显示,低水平ＩｇＡ （犗犚＝１．７８,９５％犆犐：１．０６～２．２３） 和ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋ （犗犚＝１．６５,９５％犆犐：１．５２～２．３２） 是ＲＲＴＩ的独立 危险因素。结论　血清中ＩｇＡ 和ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋ 水平低是患者发生ＲＲＴＩ的独立危险因素。 关键词：反复呼吸道感染;体液免疫;细胞免疫;预后;儿童 中图分类号：Ｒ７２５．６　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１９）０２ ０１３６ ０３     

婴幼儿营养性缺铁性贫血的T—淋巴细胞亚群的实验研究

为进一步了解营养性缺铁性贫血与细胞免疫功能的关系，本文测定了４４名营养性缺生贫血（ＩＤＡ）婴幼儿的Ｔ－淋巴细胞亚群的一细胞百分数，并选择了２８名健康幼儿为对照组（Ｃ组）。结果显示缺欣性贫血组（ＩＤＡ）的ＣＤ３％和ＣＤ４％较正常对照组明显降低，且与血红蛋白 于显著的正相关；ＣＤ８＾＋％在下沉对照组和生贫血组间无显著性差异，缺铁性贫血组的ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值较正常对照组明显降低，但与血红蛋白的水平无关。     

铝对小鼠免疫系统影响的研究

为探讨铝对免疫系统的影响,给小鼠每天腹腔注射氯化铝（ＡｌＣｌ３）溶液〔１０,２５,４０ｍｇ／（ｋｇｄ）〕,连续注射２,４,６周。结果表明：染铝４周后脾重及２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组的ＰＦＣ值、ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋、ＡＮＡＥ阳性率均显著增加,６周后各剂量组的脾重、ＰＦＣ值及２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组的ＣＤ４＋,ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋、ＡＮＡＥ和４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组的ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋、ＡＮＡＥ均显著增加,并且随染铝时间延长,４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组的ＰＦＣ值、ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋及ＡＮＡＥ呈先升高后下降趋势,而ＣＤ８＋呈上升趋势,提示铝对小鼠免疫系统具有影响作用,呈双向性     

对苯二甲酸作业人群尿液生化反应的研究

目的　探讨对苯二甲酸（ＴＰＡ） 作业人群尿酶和尿液离子水平的变化。方法　对１０７ 名工人进行个体采样并测定空气和尿中ＴＰＡ 浓度。留取１２７ 名ＴＰＡ 作业工人当日工前、工后尿样和７１ 名对照尿样,对尿样中γ谷氨酰转肽酶（γＧＧＴ） 、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ） 、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ） 、Ｎ乙酰βＤ氨基葡糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ） 活力和尿ｐＨ 值、Ｎａ ＋ 、Ｋ＋ 、Ｃｌ－ 、Ｃａ２ ＋ 、ＮＨ４ ＋ 、ＰＯ４３ － 和ＳＯ４２ － 离子浓度进行分析。结果尿ＴＰＡ 水平与空气ＴＰＡ 浓度存在相关关系。接触组尿Ｎａ ＋ 、Ｃｌ－ 、Ｃａ２ ＋ 、ＮＨ４ ＋ 和ＳＯ４２ － 离子浓度显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;指标聚类统计分析结果显示：尿ＴＰＡ 与尿ＮＨ４ ＋ 相关系数最大（ ｒ ＝ ０ ．２１２ ５ ,Ｐ＝ ０ ．０１９ ８） ,两者之间存在剂量依赖关系;对接触组和对照组作逐步判别分析,筛选出Ｃａ２ ＋ 、ＮＨ４ ＋ 和ＮＡＧ３ 项最有价值的指标。结论　ＮＨ４ ＋ 排泄增多可引起机体负氮平衡,以尿ＮＨ４ ＋ 水平作为接触ＴＰＡ的生物学效应指标,并辅以Ｃａ２ ＋ 和ＮＡＧ 两项指标可监测ＴＰＡ 对接触人群肾功能的早期影响     

青年胃印戒细胞癌细胞免疫状态及γδT细胞应用研究

青年胃印戒细胞癌是临床上预后较差的恶性肿瘤。为了研究该肿瘤患者的免疫状态及应用γδＴ淋巴细胞治疗可能性，对４例青年胃印戒细胞癌患者、６例正常人外周血作了免疫细胞表型分析（ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ１６、ＣＤ２５、ＣＤ５６、Ｔγδ）及肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）和白细胞介素６（ＩＬ－６）检测。并对４例患者采用γδＴ细胞／ＩＬ－２过继免疫治疗（ＡＣＩＴ），观察细胞免疫动态变化。结果表明：４例青年胃印戒细胞癌患者外周血ＣＤ＋３、ＣＤ＋４、ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值均低于正常组。ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６水平均高于正常组；γδＴ细胞治疗后，外周血ＣＤ＋３、ＣＤ＋４、ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值均升高。随访病人１０～２５个月，未见转移、复发，身体情况均好     

不同接触甲醛人群外周血淋巴细胞亚群的探讨

通过ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联酶标技术检测接触不同浓度甲醛人群外周血淋巴细胞亚群（Ｂ细胞、ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８）。对照组、学生组和工人组、服务员组接触甲醛的浓度分别为：０．０１１ｍｇ／ｍ３、０．５０８ｍｇ／ｍ３、０．７４ｍｇ／ｍ３、０．１０７ｍｇ／ｍ３。结果发现；学生与工人组中除工人组的ＣＤ４外的其它亚群与对照组相比其差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）．Ｂ细胞和ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值升高．ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８下降；男性ＣＤ３下降明显高于女性．服务员组和对照组的各亚群差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示：甲醛可以对人免疫细胞产生多种毒性，短期接触者和男性尤为明显。     

马拉硫磷对人体免疫功能的影响

用ＥＬＩＳＡ抗体夹心法、ＡＰＡＡＰ法检测了马拉硫磷暴露工人血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）、Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群（ＣＤ３＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ８＾＋）,血清免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量用贝克曼Ｈ－Ｓ免疫化学分析仪直接测定。结果显示,工人血清ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ含量存在着显著性或非常显著性差异,ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量各组之间无明显差异。提示马拉硫磷对工人免疫功能具有一定的毒性作用。     

手术前后补硒对结直肠癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的　研究手术前后服用酵母硒对结直肠癌患者免疫功能的作用。方法　1998 年3 月～1999 年3月,将我院的40 例大肠癌患者,随机分成对照组和治疗组,分别给予一般酵母和酵母硒(600μg/d) 持续2 周,观察治疗前后血硒水平、T 细胞亚群和免疫球蛋白,以及细胞因子αTNF 的变化。结果　补硒后,血硒由0 .79 ±0 .17μmol/L上升到0 .99 ±0 .23μmol/L,P< 0 .05 ;CD4 由24 .09 ±4 .10 % 上升到27 .95 ±4 .91 % ,CD8 由20 .18 ±2 .48 % 上升到23 .09 ±4 .47 % ,P< 0 .05 ;血清中Ig M 从83 .7 ±22 .37mg % 上升到103 .69 ±35 .49mg % ,P< 0 .05 。结论　手术前后给大肠癌患者服用酵母硒可明显地提高其血硒水平,改善机体的免疫功能并增强抗肿瘤的能力。     

固井水泥粉尘对接触工人抗氧化酶的影响

目的探讨固井水泥粉尘对作业工人和机体脂质过氧化(LPO)的影响.方法对98名固井水泥粉尘接触工人和30名不接尘健康对照进行血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性测定.结果与对照组比较,固井水泥粉尘接触工人血清MDA含量升高,SOD和GSH-Px活性下降,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01);相关分析显示:随着作业工人接尘工龄的延长,血清MDA含量有增高的趋势(r=0.357 0, P＜0.01),血清SOD和全血GSH-Px活性呈下降趋势(r=-0.739 8;-0.301 3, P＜0.01).结论固井水泥粉尘作业工人体内氧自由基反应加剧,氧化/抗氧化状态严重失衡.     

Effects of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Thyroid Function in Overweight and Obese Hypothyroid Female Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Objective: Zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) are essential trace elements involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Zn and Se supplementation on thyroid function of overweight or obese female hypothyroid patients in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Sixty-eight female hypothyroid patients were randomly allocated to one of the 4 supplementation groups receiving Zn + Se (ZS; 30 mg Zn as zinc-gluconate and 200 μg Se as high-selenium yeast), Zn + placebo (ZP), Se + placebo (SP), or placebo + placebo (PP) for 12 weeks. Serum Zn, Se, free and total triiodothyronine (FT3 and FT4), free and total thyroxine (FT4 and TT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and anthropometric parameters were measured. Dietary intake was recorded using 24-hour food recall. Physical activity questionnaire was completed.

Results: No significant alterations were found in serum Zn or Se concentrations. Mean serum FT3 increased significantly in the ZS and ZP groups (p < 0.05) but this effect was significant in the ZP group compared to those in SP or PP groups (p < 0.05). Mean serum FT4 increased and TSH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the ZS group. TT3 and TT4 decreased significantly in the SP group (p < 0.05). Mean FT3:FT4 ratio was augmented significantly in the ZP group (p < 0.05). No significant treatment effects were found for TT3, FT4, TT4, or TSH between groups.

Conclusion: This study showed some evidence of an effect of Zn alone or in combination with Se on thyroid function of overweight or obese female hypothyroid patients.     

Use of microencapsulated iron(II) fumarate sprinkles to prevent recurrence of anaemia in infants and young children at high risk

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of microencapsulated iron(II) fumarate sprinkles (with and without vitamin A), iron(II) sulfate drops, and placebo sprinkles in preventing recurrence of anaemia and to determine the long-term haematological outcomes in children at high risk of recurrence of anaemia 12 months after the end of supplementation. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled design was used to study 437 Ghanaian children aged 8-20 months who were not anaemic (haemoglobin > or = 100 g/l). Four groups were given microencapsulated iron(II) fumarate sprinkles, microencapsulated iron(II) fumarate sprinkles with vitamin A, iron(II) sulfate drops or placebo sprinkles daily for six months. Primary outcome measures were change in haemoglobin and anaemic status at baseline and study end. Non-anaemic children at the end of the supplementation period were reassessed 12 months after supplementation ended. FINDINGS: Overall, 324 children completed the supplementation period. Among the four groups, no significant changes were seen in mean haemoglobin, ferritin or serum retinol values from baseline to the end of the supplementation period. During the trial, 82.4% (267/324) of children maintained their non-anaemic status. Sprinkles were well accepted without complications. At 12 months post-supplementation, 77.1% (162/210) of children with no intervention remained non-anaemic. This proportion was similar for children among the four groups. CONCLUSION: In most children previously treated for anaemia, further supplementation was not needed to maintain their non-anaemic status. These results may have important implications for community intervention programmes in which initial high-dose treatment is needed because of a high prevalence of anaemia.     

锰和锡矿尘对机体T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

检测了５８名锰作业工人和１００名锡矿暴露人群Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的变化，并与３２名非接触健康人作比较。结果表明：（１）锰接触组和细胞百分率均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）。细胞百分率明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）比值明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）．（２）锡矿尘暴露组细胞百分率随暴露时间的延长而依次降低，且暴露组间差别显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；工龄≥１０年和≥２０年组细胞百分率明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）．提示长期接触高浓度锰或暴露于锡矿尘环境中可对机体的细胞免疫产生抑制作用。Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群分析可作为锰作业工人和锡矿尘暴露人群健康损害的早期敏感指标。     

Plasma lipid peroxides among workers exposed to silica or asbestos dusts

Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (an indicator of lipid peroxidation) was determined in random samples of workers (age range 25-60 years) exposed to silica dust (n = 31, mean exposure duration 21.3 +/- 8.3 years) or asbestos dust (n = 59, mean exposure duration 15.6 +/- 4.5 years) and in 52 age-matched healthy male controls. MDA levels of both exposed groups were significantly higher than that of the controls and were significantly higher among workers exposed to asbestos than among those exposed to silica dusts. Neither age nor smoking was related to MDA levels among both controls and exposed workers; among the latter group MDA was not significantly correlated with duration of exposure. Mean MDA levels of exposed workers with radiographic signs of lung fibrosis or pleural thickening and of those without such signs were not significantly different, except in the case of asbestos-exposed workers where it was significantly less than that of those without such signs. Differences between mean durations of dust exposure of workers with radiographic signs of lung fibrosis and those without such signs were statistically insignificant. The results suggest the possible involvement of lipid peroxidation on exposure to silica or asbestos dusts in humans and possible development of antioxidant mechanism(s) on prolonged dust exposure and support the opinion that development of pneumoconiosis depends on susceptibility factor(s).     

硒在防治大肠癌中作用的研究

目的：阐明硒在大肠癌发生中的地位及其防治大肠癌的作用机理。方法：包括实验和临床两部分。120只Wistar大鼠以二甲肼（DMH）诱发大肠癌，动物随机分为8组予以不同饮食，处死后尸解，观察各脏器出现肿瘤情况。44例大肠癌患者随机分为治疗组与对照组，观察投药前后血清硒浓度与T淋巴细胞亚群、NK、LAK细胞活性的变化，同时测定35例大肠癌组织和正常大肠组织内硒含量。结果：高脂饮食对DMH的致癌性具有明显的促进作用。硒和钙则有明显阻抑DMH的致癌作用，而且硒对高脂饮食的促癌性也有明显的阻抑作用，锗则未见对DMH的致癌性有任何作用。大肠癌患者血硒水平低于正常值，补硒后血硒明显升高，与对照组差别显著（P＜0．01），治疗组的CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8及NK、LAK细胞活性补硒后有明显升高，与对照组差别显著。此外，大肠癌组织内硒含量明显低于周围大肠组织的硒含量。结论：硒具有阻抑实验性大肠癌发生的作用，补硒具有促进人体细胞免疫的功能，大肠癌的发生则可能与局部低硒以致免疫力降低有关。     

油田固井水泥粉尘对作业工人健康危害的调查研究

[目的]了解固井水泥粉尘对作业工人健康危害情况。[方法]对油田固井水泥加工和使用现场进行劳动卫生学调查,为接尘工人进行内科、眼科、耳鼻喉科体检,并进行高仟伏拍片、心电图、肺功能及血清NO、MDA、SOD、GSH-Px的含量及活性测定。[结果]作业场所粉尘浓度严重超标,接尘工人呼吸系统刺激症状、眼结膜炎、眼翼状胬肉、咽喉充血、鼻甲充血的检出率明显高于对照(P<0.01),接尘工人血清NO水平、MDA含量升高,抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-Px下降,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]固井水泥粉尘对作业工人健康危害严重。     

富硒益生菌对仔猪抗氧化和免疫功能的影响

目的:研究富硒益生菌对仔猪抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。方法:选用断奶仔猪24头,随机分为3组。C组为对照组,饲粮中添加玉米淀粉,T1、T2组为试验组,饲料中分别添加富硒益生菌和亚硒酸钠,试验期60d。分别于试验期D30、D60测定血液中GSH-Px与SOD活性、MDA含量、全血硒含量、猪瘟抗体水平以及组织中的硒含量。结果:在60d时,T1、T2组仔猪血液GSH-Px活性、血清SOD活性、血液及组织中的硒含量及血清中的猪瘟抗体水平均显著高于C组,MDA水平显著低于C组。两个试验组中T1组效果优于T2组。结论:富硒益生菌改善仔猪抗氧化能力的效果优于亚硒酸钠,但在增强免疫功能方面两者差异不显著。