徐州市肿瘤医院高层次医学人才评价工作初探

<正>党的二十大报告指出，必须坚持科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力，深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，开辟发展新领域新赛道，不断塑造发展新动能新优势。提高医疗技术水平，推进健康中国建设的时代使命，离不开高层次医学人才的引领和带动。作为医学重点学科（专科）发展的领导者和组织者，高层次医学人才担负着医疗技术进步、学科梯队建设、医学人才培养等重要任务，也是医疗卫生机构专业技术人才的骨干和核心。合理有效地选拔、引进及培养一批技术高、作风好的高层次医学人才是医院人才梯队建设的重要内容，也是医院长久发展的保障。     

浅谈军队医学高层次人才的培养和使用

军队医学高层次人才的培养和使用主要包含五方面内容 :一是要把医学高层次人才作为人才培养的重点 ;二是要坚持多种形式并举培养高层次人才 ;三是要把创新能力作为高层次人才培养的核心内容 ;四是要把营造良好环境作为高层次人才培养的重要基础 ;五是要把思想政治素质作为高层次人才培养的根本要求。本文就上述五方面进行了阐述     

浅谈军队医学高层次人才的培养和使用

医学高层次人才主要指高学历、高职称和高素质的专业技术人员，即思想政治素质好、临床诊治技术水平高、学术创新带教能力强的专业技术拔尖人才。科学地培养和使用高层次人才，是提高军队医院诊治水平，实现“打得赢”的重要保障。作者结合军区多年来的具体做法，谈一谈军队医学高层次人才的培养和使用，与同行们商榷。     

加强中医药高层次人才队伍建设推动中医医院高质量发展

中医药高层次人才队伍建设是推进中医医院高质量发展的重要支撑。为破解当前中医医院中医药高层次人才队伍建设中师承教育体系不完善、高层次人才评价制度不健全、高层次人才激励机制不健全等困境，从大力实施中医药高层次人才工程，强化师承教育制度保障，完善中医药高层次人才评价标准，多渠道建立健全中医药高层次人才激励机制等方面，提出了加强中医药高层次人才队伍建设的建议。     

浙江省医疗机构博士学位人力资源调查

为了解浙江省医疗机构中高层次卫生人才资源现状，调查分析了浙江省29所三级医院博士学位人员拥有情况。结果提示，浙江省高级卫生人力资源状况与其经济的发展不相适应，主要表现在：高层次医学人才缺乏，分布不均；医学高层次教育和人才培养滞后于市场需求，人才流失严重等。有效措施是发展高层次医学教育，调整医疗队伍的人才结构和功能，实现卫生人力资源的优化配置。     

军队医院高层次人才培养的实践

面对学科带头人新老交替，部分技术骨干外流，医院吸引力下降，人才队伍竞争力不强的状况，如何加强高层次人才队伍建设，保持医院的可持续发展，是新时期军队医院面临的问题。1明确培养目标 完善制度配套 首先要制定人才建设规划和重点人才培养计划，营造人尽其才的宽松氛围。其次建立高层次人才后备库，不断壮大高层次后备队伍。第三，经费保障，设立各项基金，确保培养经费的落实。第四，注重团队建设和协作氛围的养成。．     

医院海外高层次医学人才遴选需求研究△

目的：了解医院引进海外高层次医学人才遴选要求、需求偏好,比较不同医院间存在的共性和差异。方法：于2020年10月以江苏省医院人力资源管理专业委员会为平台,对江苏省各医院相关部门的管理人员开展问卷调查。结果：医院引进海外医学人才对学历要求普遍较高,三级医院对博士及以上学历的要求较其他等级医院高;对复合型人才需求大,综合医院和三级医院需求更大;大多医院看重海外工作经历,尤其是在知名医疗机构工作经历;普遍关注海外医学人才的科研能力和临床技术水平,但不同性质和地域医院间要求不同。结论：医院需加大对高层次医学人才的引进和培养,构建适合的海外高层次医学人才遴选标准,拓宽引进海外高层次医学人才的途径,充分发挥吸引海外高层次医学人才的优势。     

我国医疗卫生领域高层次专业人才建设存在的问题与对策

加强高层次卫生专业人才建设,促进医学科技进步与医疗卫生服务水平提高,是我国深化卫生改革发展的迫切要求。我国目前面临卫生领域高层次人才数量不足、结构不合理、政府对卫生人才培养投入不足、培养方案滞后等问题。为了推动我国高层次卫生专业人才队伍建设,建议明确目标,制定高层次卫生人才发展规划;增加投入,设立"全国卫生系统高层次人才培养计划"专项;推进管理制度创新,努力营造有利于高层次人才培养与发展的环境;深化人事制度改革,完善高层次人才培养工作的体制和机制。     

浅析医院高层次人才的管理对策

在知识经济时代,医院作为一个知识型人才密集的特殊行业,高层次人才将成为医院的核心竞争力。本文根据高层次人才的特点,从选拔、培训、绩效考核和激励四个方面提出了医院高层次人才的管理对策,以期为医院高层次人才的管理提供借鉴。     

双因素理论视角下优化公立医院高层次医学人才激励路径研究

高层次医学人才激励不仅是推进公立医院改革的一项重要内容,也是保持医院持续竞争力的关键因素。文章以双因素理论为视角,阐述双因素理论与公立医院人力资源激励的关系,分析我国公立医院高层次医学人才激励当前存在的问题,并提出优化公立医院高层次医学人才激励的路径选择。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

Stress in the Norwegian police service

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.