德阳市81例蘑菇中毒事件调查及其分析

目的 :调查 2 0 0 3年 5月 2 3日～ 6月 15日在四川省德阳市发生的 81例毒蘑菇中毒事件并进行标本鉴定和毒素分析 ;方法 :现场采集标本进行形态学鉴定 ,利用高效液相色谱技术对蘑菇子实体、病人血液、病人透析液进行鹅膏肽类毒素检测 ;结果 :调查表明导致中毒的是鹅膏属中的异味鹅膏 (AmanitakotohiraensisNagasawa&Mitani) ,异味鹅膏子实体含有鹅膏肽类毒素的两种主要致死毒素 ,即α -鹅膏毒肽 (a -amanitin) ,β -鹅膏毒肽 (β -amanitin) ,其含量分别为196 4 2、 6 2 76 μg/g干重子实体 ,被检的 3个病人中有 1个病人的血液检测出含有 β -鹅膏毒肽 ,被检病人的透析液中未检测到毒素 ;结论 :异味鹅膏为有毒蘑菇 ,采食时要注意区分 ,不要误食。     

蘑菇毒素及其中毒治疗(Ⅰ)--鹅膏肽类毒素

毒蘑菇中毒事件近年来在我国南方频频发生,主要是由鹅膏属中的一些种类所引起.本文对鹅膏肽类毒素的化学结构与性质、产生鹅膏肽类毒素的蘑菇种类、毒素分析检测方法、中毒症状和机理以及治疗方法作一综述,为鹅膏菌中毒预防和治疗提供科学依据.     

鹅膏毒肽对大鼠心肌细胞影响

因误食含有鹅膏毒素蘑菇而中毒死亡事件在世界各国普遍发生，中毒致死的主要原因为鹅膏菌中的鹅膏肽类毒素。鹅膏毒肽中毒可导致心电图异常和心肌酶的升高。我们以大鼠为动物实验模型，研究其心肌酶的变化规律及其与心肌细胞病理改变的关系，为临床早期准确诊断鹅膏毒肽中毒提供参考。     

两起灰花纹鹅膏蕈中毒调查及其毒性探讨

两起灰花纹鹅膏蕈中毒，进食12人，中毒12人，死亡8人。分析了鹅膏蕈的主要致病成份——鹅膏毒肽的化学结构与性质，毒性机理，以期提高鹅膏蕈类中毒的防治措施。     

裂皮鹅膏毒素成分分析及致小鼠脏器改变

目的研究裂皮鹅膏中的毒素含量分布并观察小鼠毒作用靶器官的病理改变。方法采集引起食物中毒的蘑菇,经鉴定为裂皮鹅膏;超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定其鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽的毒素含量;给KM小鼠一次性腹腔注射裂皮鹅膏2 g/kg(干粉),注射体积10 mL/kg,观察3 h后处死小鼠,取心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠进行病理检查。结果裂皮鹅膏干粉中的肽类毒素总量为2243μg/g,其中总鹅膏毒肽为1224μg/g,α-、β-和γ-鹅膏毒肽含量分别为944、268和12μg/g,总鬼笔毒肽为1019μg/g,二羟基鬼笔毒肽、羧基三羟基鬼笔毒肽和羧基二羟基鬼笔毒肽含量分别为989、30μg/g和未检出。染毒小鼠发生肝、肾细胞坏死并伴有弥漫性出血。结论裂皮鹅膏毒素为剧毒类。裂皮鹅膏对小鼠肝、肾造成严重损害,与人群流行病学报告相符。     

蘑菇毒素及其中毒治疗（Ⅰ）——鹅膏肽类霉素

毒蘑菇中毒事件近年来在我国南方频频发生，主要是由鹅膏属中的一些种类所引起。本文对鹅膏肽类毒素的化学结构与性质、产生鹅膏肽类毒素的蘑菇种类、毒素分析检测方法、中毒症状和机理以及治疗方法作一综述，为鹅膏菌中毒预防和治疗提供科学依据。     

鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽的提取鉴定研究进展

鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽是鹅膏菌属类蘑菇中的2种有毒环肽,是引起致死性食物中毒的主要毒素。鹅膏毒肽引起的食物中毒易误诊且缺乏针对性治疗,早期诊断对于鹅膏毒肽中毒的救治尤为重要。鬼笔毒肽虽不会引起食物中毒,但对鬼笔毒肽的分析有利于蘑菇种类的鉴定。本文对鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽的提取纯化和分析鉴定方法进行综述,为研发更加简便快捷的提取鉴定方法提供依据。     

鹅膏毒肽致大鼠多组织细胞DNA损伤及EPA和DHA的拮抗效应

目的 研究鹅膏毒肽对大鼠多组织细胞DNA的损伤及二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的拮抗效应.方法 将30只健康成年SD大鼠随机分成3组,对照组、鹅膏毒肽染毒组、鹅膏毒肽染毒 EPA DHA组.雌雄各半.采用腹腔注射染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳检测各组大鼠的外周血淋巴细胞、肝细胞、肺细胞和脑细胞DNA的损伤.结果 鹅膏毒肽染毒组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞、肝细胞、肺细胞和脑细胞的彗星细胞尾长、受损DNA所占百分比(尾DNA%)均高于对照组(P＜0.05),而鹅膏毒肽染毒 EPA DHA组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞、肝细胞、肺细胞及脑细胞的彗星细胞尾长、尾DNA%与对照组相比变化不明显.结论 鹅膏毒肽可致大鼠多组织细胞DNA损伤,EPA和DHA可拮抗这种损伤.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定野生蘑菇中的3种鹅膏毒肽

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定野生蘑菇中3种鹅膏毒肽的方法。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取,氮吹干后,加水复溶,HLB 固相萃取柱净化,Hypersil Gold - C18色谱柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,1.9 μm）分离,电喷雾（ESI+）多反应监测(MRM)方式检测。结果 3种鹅膏毒肽在5.0～100 ng/ml范围具有良好线性关系,相关系数值均大于0.999,平均回收率和相对标准偏差分别在81.8%～91.8%和4.5%～9.3%,定量限低于30 μg/kg。结论 该方法能准确、灵敏测定野生蘑菇中的3种鹅膏毒肽,适用于野生蘑菇中鹅膏毒肽的检测。     

1起误食淡玫红鹅膏菌引起的中毒调查

[目的]了解本起毒蘑菇中毒发生情况,掌握导致中毒死亡的毒蘑菇类型,确定致死毒素,以预防类似事件的发生。[方法]采用现场流行病学调查、形态学鉴定和分子生物学鉴定法,对本起中毒情况进行调查。[结果]7人误食毒蘑菇,中毒7例,其中死亡3例。由淡玫红鹅膏菌导致中毒死亡,毒素主要为α-鹅膏毒肽,损害人体肝脏。[结论]淡玫红鹅膏菌是一种剧毒蘑菇,致死率极高。     

白毒伞中毒死亡病例血液检验指标变化分析

目的：探讨白毒伞中毒死亡病例血液检验指标变化情况。方法：比较白毒伞中毒死亡病例和抢救成功病例血液检验指标。结果：白毒伞中毒死亡病例血液检验指标升高明显，和抢救成功病例比较，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：白毒伞中毒导致多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）是患者死亡的主要原因。应做好早期诊治和预防。     

鳞柄白毒伞和白毒伞的鹅膏多肽毒素测定

报道了用反相高效液相色谱法分离测定不同地区的鳞柄白毒伞和白毒伞的鹅膏多肽毒素，结果表明菌种间的毒素含量差异很大     

牛奶来源蛋白及活性肽降压效果的研究进展

高血压是21世纪的全球公共卫生问题。高血压与饮食密切相关,牛奶富含蛋白质,主要为酪蛋白和乳清蛋白。关于牛奶来源蛋白及其活性肽是否能通过抑制血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)降低血压,未能得出一致的结论。本文系统介绍近年来相关的动物实验和人群研究,以期全面评价牛奶来源蛋白及活性肽与血压的关系,为基础研究、临床实践和乳品加工提供科学依据。     

Design of antibody-reactive peptides from discontinuous parts of scorpion toxins

The Amm VIII protein was previously isolated from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus. Despite 87% identity with AaH II, the most toxic α-type scorpion toxin, Amm VIII is not toxic to mice. However, antisera against Amm VIII protect mice from AaH II lethal action. Here, we report that the Amm VIII protein elicits antibodies that only recognize discontinuous-type epitopes since we could not observe any antibody binding to overlapping 12-mer peptides covering the whole Amm VIII sequence. By using a new bioinformatic tool, 24 peptides mimicking discontinuous regions of Amm VIII were designed in silico, then prepared by Spot synthesis. Seven of these discontinuous–continuous peptides were recognized by anti-Amm VIII antibodies. Analysis of the 3D location of the segments that compose the antigenically reactive discontinuous–continuous peptides, allowed us to group those antigenic segments into three regions of Amm VIII, putatively corresponding to discontinuous antigenic regions of α-type scorpion toxins. Anti-Amm VIII antibodies were also found to cross-react towards several of the discontinuous–continuous peptides designed from the AaH II structure, pointing to a possible involvement of the corresponding discontinuous epitopes in the capacity displayed by anti-Amm VIII antibodies to neutralize AaH II. Altogether, our results show that it is possible to design antibody-reactive peptides from discontinuous parts of scorpion toxins. The position of the reactive segments in the structural context of scorpion toxins highlights the antigenic properties of the Amm VIII anatoxin and concurs to explain the capacity of anti-Amm VIII antibodies to neutralize the potent AaH II toxin.     

Detoxication of phenol in annual plant seedlings

Transformation of phenol (14C6H5OH) penetrating through the roots of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) and wheat (Triticum vulgare) sterile seedlings has been studied. Phenol was coupled to low-molecular-weight peptides, producing phenol-peptide conjugates. Hydrolytic cleavage of the conjugates liberated initial labeled phenol and some unlabeled amino acids. Phenol- glutathione and phenol-homoglutathione were not found among the peptide conjugates. It is suggested that the conjugation is carried out via the hydroxyl group of phenol and functional groups of peptides. Conjugation with low-molecular-weight peptides is considered to be the main pathway for phenol detoxication, since about 60% of phenol absorbed by plants conjugates with peptides. In the plants treated with phenol, the amount of low-molecular-weight peptides is increased. The increase in peptide synthesis in plants seems to be induced by the penetration of toxic phenol molecules into the cell. The small amount of phenol molecules assimilated through roots is transformed via aromatic ring cleavage and bibasic carbonic acid formation.     

百年冯桂芬研究概述

本文对1897至2009年百年间国内外已出版的5部研究冯桂芬专著和发表在各类报刊上的110余篇研究文章,以及港台地区的硕博士论文、资料集等,从生平研究、思想研究、《校邠庐抗议》及其它著述研究的现状等诸方面,客观地进行概述与评论,同时提出了有待进一步研究的几个问题,以供学术界同仁参考。     

中国大陆地区健康期望寿命研究现状调查

目的 通过对中国大陆地区已发表的健康期望寿命文献进行计量分析,了解国内健康期望寿命研究现况,为国家卫生行政部门制定相关政策提供参考。方法 采用文献计量法对纳入文献从时间、地区、类型、健康期望寿命研究结果等方面进行描述性统计分析。结果 51篇已发表的文献中,2016年发表文献最多,占比17.6%。从地区上看,全国性研究最多,占比23.5%,其次为东部沿海地区,占比43.1%;直辖市发表文献较多于一般省份。从研究的人群看,60岁以上老年人的自评自理健康期望寿命研究相对较多,占比54.9%。从健康期望寿命的计算结果上看,大部分研究女性健康期望寿命高于男性。结论 中国大陆地区健康期望寿命研究处于初步阶段,对老年人群健康较为重视,且存在区域差异,经济较发达的东部地区,尤其是直辖市开展的研究较多。不同研究间的可比性较差,需建立统一的计算方法,增强不同地区间的可比性,以及同一地区不同年份的纵向可比性。     

肠道微生态对放射治疗的影响与相关机制

微生态是由定植于人类上皮屏障的共生菌和其他微生物组成的。共生的微生态对人类的生存和健康发挥着重要作用。微生态还参与了肿瘤的发生、发展和扩散过程。新近研究有力证实了微生态尤其是肠道微生态在抗肿瘤反应中和毒性反应的调节中发挥重要作用。肠道微生态影响着治疗所致的免疫原性细胞死亡诱导的免疫反应。本文中我们将聚焦于肠道微生态对放射治疗所致的机体免疫反应及毒性反应的调节作用及具体机制。     

Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 interferes with gliadin peptides entrance in Caco-2 cells

Several recent reports describe a role of probiotics as a therapeutic approach for celiac disease (CD). Two undigested A-gliadin peptides, P31-43 and P57-68, are central to CD pathogenesis, inducing an innate and an adaptive immune response, respectively. They enter enterocytes and localize to vesicular compartment to induce their toxic/immunogenics effects. In this article, we tested the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) CBA L74 (International Depository Accession Number LMG P-24778), its supernatant and LP-fermented cereals on gliadin peptides, P31-43 and P57-68, entrance in Caco-2 cells. Both LP CBA L74 and its supernatant inhibit P31-43 (intensity of fluorescence; FI: 75%) and P57-68 (FI: 50%) entrance in Caco2 cells, indicating that this biological effect is due to some product included in LP CBA L74 supernatant. This effect was present also after fermentation of cereals. This study describes a novel effect of probiotics in the prevention of undigested gliadin peptides toxic effects.     

An in vivo protective response against toxic effects of the dermonecrotic protein from Loxoscelesintermedia spider venom elicited by synthetic epitopes

Loxoscelism is a necrotic–hemolytic syndrome caused by bites of brown spiders belonging to the genus Loxosceles. Many approaches for the treatment of Loxosceles poisoning have already been proposed, among which administration of specific antivenom is thought to be the more specific. We have evaluated the use of peptides as immunogen to raise in rabbits an antibody response that could protect animals from a challenge by the Loxtox isoform LiD1, one of the main toxic component of Loxosceles intermedia venom. Six antigenic regions of LiD1 were mapped by using the SPOT method. The corresponding peptides were further chemically synthesized, mixed, and used as immunogens in rabbits. Control animal received recombinant LiD1 alone or together with peptides. We found that the rabbit antibody response to peptides was cross-reactive with LiD1, although only one peptide from the mix of six was immunogenic. The dermonecrotic, hemorrhagic and oedema forming activities induced by LiD1 in naïve rabbits were inhibited by 82%, 35% and 35% respectively, by preincubation of LiD1 with anti-peptide antibodies prepared from immunized rabbits. Animals that were immunized with peptides or LiD1r, were found to be protected from the dermonecrotic, hemorrhagic and oedema forming activities induced by a challenge with LiD1. The protection conferred by peptides was, however, lower than that provided by the peptide protein combination or by the full-length protein. These results encourage us in the utilization of synthetic peptides for therapeutic serum development or vaccination approaches.