遗传因素对体型指征影响程度的双生子研究

目的利用广汉市募集的成年双生子数据,探讨遗传因素对身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)等体型指征的影响程度。方法选择广汉市自愿参加双生子队列观察的253对18岁及以上双生子为研究对象,并以150对非双生子为对照,通过问卷调查、体格检查、卵型鉴定等方法收集体型指征(身高、体重、体重指数)信息,形成数据库,运用组内相关系数法计算遗传度。结果异卵双生子的身高、体重、体重指数对内表型方差均大于同卵双生子,而对间表型方差差异无统计学意义;同卵双生子组内相关系数高于异卵双生子;身高、体重、体重指数遗传度分别为0.87、0.89、0.71;男性身高、体重、体重指数平均遗传度分别为0.68、0.71、0.67;女性分别为0.67、0.64、0.76。结论不同性别间各体型指征遗传度不同,遗传因素对身高、体重、体重指数的影响均较大,但环境因素的作用也不可忽视,可通过后天对环境因素的调整,在遗传潜力内发育并维持体型特征。     

体脂含量对中老年人群血糖和胰岛素的影响

目的 研究体脂含量及分布对中老年人群血糖和胰岛素水平的影响。方法 以北京市西城区619名38～73岁之间的中老年人为研究对象，内容包括身高、体重、腰围、臀围测量以及空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平测定，并计算体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)以及胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)，以BMI和WHR作为反映体脂含量及分布的指标，采用多元统计方法，分析不同BMI及WHR水平对空腹血糖、胰岛素、ISI以及血糖异常发生率的影响。结果 随着BMI和WHR水平的增加，空腹血糖、胰岛素以及血糖异常发生率均呈升高趋势，ISI则呈降低趋势，而且在女性中更加明显。在对年龄、性别等因素进行调整后。WHR对空腹血糖和BMI对空腹胰岛素的影响作用仍然显。结论 体脂含量及分布与血糖代谢之间存在着密切的关系，WHR对空腹血糖的影响不受年龄、性别和BMI的影响，而BMI是影响空腹胰岛素的独立因素。因此，控制体重并保持健康的体型对于丌型糖尿病的防治具有重要意义。     

齐齐哈尔市25周岁及以上双生子体型特征及影响因素分析

目的分析环境因素以及遗传因素对25岁及以上双生子的身高、体重、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)等体型指标的影响。方法 2013年7月-2014年6月,采用整群随机抽样的方法,于齐齐哈尔市抽取205对25岁及以上双生子,并按不同卵型进行分组;应用t检验、χ~2检验、logistic回归等方法对双生子的身高、体重、BMI以及WHR等指标进行分析。结果不同卵型双生子的身高、体重、WHR经t检验,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),BMI差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。身高、体重、BMI以及WHR的遗传度分别为88.1%、90.9%、73.8%、40.4%。多因素分析结果显示,与男性相比,女性(OR=0.556,95%CI:0.324~0.841,P=0.003)的BMI较低;与年龄25~岁相比,35~岁(OR=1.539,95%CI:1.214~2.012,P=0.015)、年龄65~岁(OR=1.378,95%CI:1.004~1.932,P=0.047)的BMI较高;与体力活动较少相比,体力活动充足(OR=0.451,95%CI:0.079~0.875,P=0.017)的BMI较低;与初中及以下相比,受教育程度大专及以上(OR=0.617,95%CI:0.311~0.893,P=0.035)的BMI较低;与果蔬食用较少相比,果蔬食用较多(OR=0.713,95%CI:0.337~0.942,P=0.025)的BMI较低。与男性相比,女性(OR=0.656,95%CI:0.214~0.897,P=0.005)的WHR较低;与年龄25~岁相比,35~岁(OR=1.441,95%CI:1.032~1.957,P=0.022)、年龄65~岁(OR=1.247,95%CI:1.004~1.877,P=0.046)的WHR较高;与体力活动较少相比,体力活动充足(OR=0.323,95%CI:0.081~0.912,P=0.015)的WHR较低。结论双生子的身高、体重以及WHR与卵型有关;身高、体重、BMI受遗传因素影响较大,WHR受环境因素影响较大;双生子超重或肥胖与性别、年龄、体力活动、受教育程度、食用果蔬等因素有关;腹型肥胖主要受性别、年龄、体力活动等因素的影响。     

老年人身体质量指数、腰臀比、皮褶厚度与高血压关系

目的调查老年人身体质量指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、各部位皮褶厚度与高血压患病率关系。方法参与国民体质则试的60~69岁老年人,无已知高血压和心脑血管病,未报用影响血压药物,共544人（男240人,女300人）,测定身高、体重、腰围、臀围、上臂部/肩胛下部/腹部皮褶厚度与血压,并计算BMI、WHR。结果有无高血压患者男性BMI、腰围、臀围、WHR、肩胛下部/腹部皮褶厚度各指标组间存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,女性组间各指标差异无显著性。进一步Logistic回归分析显示男性腹部皮褶厚与老年男性高血压独立相关（P=0.002）。结论 BMI、腰围、WHR并不是预测老年人高血压独立相关因素。     

体格和体围对代谢影响的研究

本文作者通过体格、体围对代谢影响的研究看到:体格、体围增加会导致血糖、血脂、血压及动脉硬化指数的增加;高密度脂蛋白同体格、体围各项肥胖参数呈明显负相关关系;酶同体格、体围变化的一致性关系,进一步证明了酶对代谢的影响;体格、体围反映代谢变化的敏感指标为体质指数(BMI)和肥胖度(FF)、腰围(YAO)、腰围／臀围比(WHR);腰／臀比大于0.8,肥胖度(FF)大于10％以上,血脂、血糖、动脉硬化指数明显升高。     

蒙古族高血压与体质指数及腰臀比交互作用

目的 探讨体质指数(BMI)与腰臀比(WHR)对蒙古族高血压交互作用的影响.方法 采用对数线性模型方法对2589名蒙古族人BMI、WHR数据进行分析.结果 体质指数(BMI)＜24、24～和28～各组高血压患病率分别为32.10%,47.42%和64.57%.腰臀比(WHR)＜0.8、0.8～和0.9～各组高血压患病率分别为21.19%,32.90%和54.02%.蒙古族人群的BMI和wHR均与高血压关联密切(P＜0.001);性别、BMI、WHR均独立作用于高血压,BMI和WHR之间的交互效应与高血压无关联.结论 BMI和WHR是蒙古族高血压的独立危险因素.     

用BMI和WHR指标分析肥胖与糖尿病的关系

目的 探讨用体重指数(BMI)和腰／臀围比值(WHR)分析肥胖与糖尿病(DM)关系。方法 分析甘肃省3700人糖尿病流行病学词查资料。结果 肥胖中DM发病率7．19％;DM、糖耐量减低(IGT)组的BMI、WHR均显高于正常人组（P<0.01);DM组的WHR显高于IGT组(P<0．05)。结论 肥胖是DM发病的重要因素之一,而腹型肥胖更易患DM。     

河北省人群肥胖与糖尿病患病率关系的研究

为了探讨肥胖与非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)的关系,在河北省六城乡应用分层整群随机抽样的方法对2762名20～74岁成人进行了调查。结果显示:随着体重指数(BMI)和腰围/臀围比值(WHR)的增大,糖尿病患病率升高明显,经趋势卡方分析,P均<0.05;二者与NIDDM患病率的相关系数分别为r=0.9919、r=0.8932。BMI<24者,NIDDM患病率为1.76％,BMI≥24者患病率为4.17％(x~2=14.42,P<0.001);WHR正常者与异常者NIDDM的患病率分别为1.37％和4.55％;不同性别人群,BMI和WHR异常者的NIDDM患病率比正常者的明显增高,且均有显著性差异。结果提示肥胖可能是糖尿病的一个独立危险因素。     

合肥市某社区成年人群体质指数、腰臀比与血脂异常的关系

[目的]探讨基于社区成年人群体质指数、腰臀比与其血脂水平及异常率的关系.[方法]采用整群抽样方法抽取某社区20岁以上的成年人群为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集一般情况和生活方式等资料,并进行体格测量及血脂检测.[结果]该社区20岁以上的成年人群血脂异常率38.3%,其中:男性(44.1%)高子女性(29.2%),差异有统计学意义;体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)与血脂水平存在明显的相关;Logisitic回归分析显示:BMI、WHR、舒张压、吸烟是血脂异常的主要影响因素.[结论]体质指数和腰臀比均与血脂水平及其异常率呈正相关,提示保持适宜体重和体型对预防血脂异常具有重要意义.     

乌鲁木齐市某社区居民身体脂肪分布与血脂血压的相关分析

[目的 ]探讨身体脂肪分布对血脂、血压的影响 ,为心血管疾病防治提供依据。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 3年对乌鲁木齐市某社区 3 0 75名 2 5岁以上居民进行体检与血压、血脂检测 ,分析体重指数 (BMI)、腰围 (WC)、腰围 /臀围 (WHR)对血脂、血压的影响。 [结果 ]身体脂肪分布与血压、血脂密切相关 (r为 0 10 2～ 0 3 67,P <0 0 1) ;BMI是影响男性血压的主要因素 ,WHR是影响女性血压的主要因素 ;对血脂的影响因素中 ,男女均为WHR >BMI >WC。 [结论 ]对血压水平的影响 ,BMI大于WHR ;对血脂水平的影响 ,WHR大于BMI。     

Familial resemblance of adiposity-related parameters: results from a health check-up population in Taiwan

The mechanisms of obesity is still unclear, however, genetic and environmental factors are two major possible causes of obesity. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of familial resemblance of different obesity-related parameters in a health check-up population in Taiwan. We measured body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and percentage of body fat (BFAT) anthropometrics in 1724 members of 431 families participating in the MJ Health Screening program. Each family contributed four members, i.e. father, mother, son, and daughter. All the participants were free from coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and generally in good health. The degree of familial aggregation was measured by heritability that was calculated based on age-adjusted familial (parent-offspring, sibling, spouse) correlations. The maximal heritability estimates were 39, 30 and 35% for BMI, WHR and BFAT, respectively. For WHR, the correlation between spouses was not significant and the heritability appears to be predominantly due to genetic causes. Furthermore, for BMI and BFAT, the spouse correlations were 0.08 and 0.11, respectively. The heritabilities for BMI and BFAT were mostly explained by genetic factors and familial environmental factors such as dietary habits or physical activity. The familial resemblance of various obesity-related parameters was moderate in a health check-up population in Taiwan. While the heritability for WHR appears to be mainly due to genetic factors, the familial resemblance for BMI and percentage of BFAT may involve both genetic and familial environmental factors.     

不同肥胖指标对中国台湾35～74岁人群高血压的预测价值

目的评价体质指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、腰臀比（WHR）及腰围身高比（WHtR）对中国台湾35～74岁人群高血压的预测价值。方法摘选台湾某健康体检中心2006年35～74岁人群48753人的健检资料,作各肥胖指标及各肥胖指标不同组合对高血压的受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）,通过比较各个ROC曲线下面积（AUC）评价各肥胖指标对高血压的预测价值。结果不论男女,各肥胖指标及其不同组合对高血压的AUC均大于0.5。与BMI、WC及WHR相比,WHtR对高血压的AUC最大（男性0.686,95%CI：0.679～0.694;女性0.759,95%CI：0.751～0.767）,且差异有统计学意义（均有P〈0.001）。男女相比时,女性WHtR对高血压的AUC大于男性。不同肥胖指标相互组合时,BMI、WC、WHR与WHtR组合对高血压的AUC最大（男性0.693,95%CI：0.686～0.701;女性0.770,95%CI：0.762～0.778）。结论 WHtR能较好反映肥胖对中国台湾35～74岁人群尤其是女性人群高血压的影响,可能是预测高血压的理想肥胖指标。     

Waist circumference predicts insulin resistance in offspring of diabetic patients

The purpose of the study was to identify a good abdominal obesity index for insulin resistance in offspring of diabetic patients. A total of 74 non-diabetic subjects (male =36; female =38) were recruited from a diabetic family study. The waist circumference (W), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and conicity index were used as the abdominal obesity indices. The body mass index (BMI) and indices obtained from bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) (body fat percentage, fat mass and fat mass index) were used as overall obesity indices. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda-Defronzo index from oral glucose tolerance test were chosen as the insulin sensitivity indices. We correlated obesity indices with insulin resistance indices with age and family adjusted. W was closely correlated in both sexes of subjects with Matsuda-DeFronzo index (male, r=-0.661,p<0.001; female, r=-0.419,p=0.026), FPI (male, r=0.614,p=0.001; female, r=0.503,p=0.006) and HOMA-IR (male, r=0.609,p=0.001; female, r=0.472,p=0.011). WHR and its log transformation predicted insulin resistance only in males. BMI as an overall obesity index was in good correlation with Matsuda-DeFronzo index (male, r=-0.646,p<0.001; female, r=-0.469,p=0.012), FPI (male, r=0.711,p<0.001; female, r=0.464,p=0.013) and HOMA-IR (male, r=0.708,p<0.001; female, r=0.469,p=0.012). Overall obesity indices from BIA were similar to BMI to predict insulin resistance. In conclusion, W is a good abdominal obesity predictor of insulin resistance in offspring of diabetic patients in Taiwan.     

Anthropometric indices as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors in Singaporean women

Previous studies have suggested the need to revise the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off values for the various indices of obesity and fat distribution in Singapore. The purpose of this study was to delineate cut-off points of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and waist-stature ratio (WSR) as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors in Singaporean women. Anthropometric indices were measured in a cross sectional survey of 566 subjects (60% Chinese individuals, 28% Malay individuals and 12% Indian individuals). Cardiovascular risk factors were determined by measuring blood pressure, serum lipids, and fasting blood glucose levels. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine cut-off points. Forward logistic regression and area under curves (AUC) were used to determine the best anthropometric index. For at least one cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus), the cut-off points for BMI, WHR, WC and WSR were around 23.6 kg/m(2), 0.80, 77.8 cm and 0.48 for Singaporean females. The AUC of WSR was the highest for all three risk factors in females (0.79 for hypertension, 0.70 for dyslipidaemia, 0.88 for diabetes mellitus). Regression analyses revealed that WSR was independently associated with all risk factors. For Singaporean female adults, the cut-off points were lower than the criteria suggested by the WHO, but were in agreement with those reported for Asians. BMI, WHR, WC and WSR may be used as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors, of which WSR may be the best anthropometric index.     

Waist-hip ratio and waist circumference associated with body mass index in a study with schoolchildren

The objectives of this study were to determine the percentile levels of the anthropometric indices body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) and to verify possible correlations among theses indices in schoolchildren registered at the State Institute of Education, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. A total of 419 children ages 7 to 9 years were investigated: 215 (51.3%) boys and 204 (48.7%) girls. BMI, WHR, and WC were higher for boys than for girls. However, the differences were only statistically significant for WHR and WC. Prevalence rates were 17.9% for overweight and 6.7% for obesity. The anthropometric indices with the highest correlation were BMI and WC (r = 0.87 and p < 0.01). For overweight, BMI and WC also presented the strongest correlation (r = 0.74). For obesity, WHR and WC showed the best correlation (r = 0.54).     

Correlation between a liking for fat-rich foods and body fatness in adult Japanese: a gender difference

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that Japanese adults who like fat-rich foods have more body fatness and higher serum lipid levels than those who do not. The subjects were 540 male and 492 female workers under 41 years of age. A self-administered questionnaire determined four levels of liking for fat-rich foods. Anthropometric measurements were employed yielding body mass index (BMI), waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR), and skinfold thickness. Anthropometric values were compared among the levels of liking for fat-rich foods using analysis of covariance. For males, a liking for fat-rich foods was associated with BMI, WHR, whole-body skinfold thickness, and abdominal skinfold thickness (p<0.0001). In particular, those who like fat-rich foods "quite a bit" or "very much" showed significantly higher values than those who answered "no" or "a little". Multiple regression analysis showed that a liking for fat-rich foods explains 7-9% of the variation in the anthropometric indices, even when other lifestyles were taken into account. For females, such findings were not evident. There is a gender difference in the association between a liking for fat-rich foods and body fatness. The difference may be due to a female-specific attitude toward high-calorie foods.     

某高校女性教职工BMI、WHR与脂肪肝相关性

目的 探讨某高校女性教职工人群体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)与脂肪肝等危险因素的相关性.方法对某高校2008年进行健康体检的1 688名女性教职工的体检资料进行统计学分析,采用Logistic回归进行相关因素分析.结果 女性教职工超重及肥胖率、中心性肥胖率及脂肪肝患病率分别为51.2%、34.4%、20.9%;随着年龄,BMI及WHR的增加,女性脂肪肝患病率均呈明显上升趋势(P＜0.05);WHR和BMI均异常者脂肪肝患病率(49.3%)明显高于仅BMI异常者(25.9%)(P＜O.05);多因素Logistic回归分析表明,WHR、总胆固醇TG、BMI、年龄是女性患脂肪肝的独立危险因素,相对危险度分别为646.073(95%CI=20.334-20527.555)、1.515(95%CI=1.347～1.703)、1.448(95%CI=1.365-1.536)、1.020(95%CI=1.005～1.035).结论 WHR、BMI与高校女教职工脂肪肝的发生密切相关.     

Predicting incident diabetes in Jamaica: the role of anthropometry

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR) in predicting incident diabetes in Jamaica. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A cohort of 728 nondiabetic adults (290 men and 438 women), ages 25 to 74 years and residents of Spanish Town, Jamaica, were followed for a mean of 4 years. Participants had fasting and 2-hour postchallenge glucose concentrations measured at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: There were 51 cases of incident diabetes (17 men and 34 women). All indices were independent predictors of diabetes, and none was clearly superior. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (95% confidence interval) for BMI was 0.74 (0.59 to 0.88) for men and 0.62 (0.51 to 0.72) for women. For waist circumference, these values were 0.78 (0.65 to 0.91) in men and 0.61 (0.50 to 0.71) in women. Similar results were obtained for WHR and WHTR. "Optimal" cut-off points for BMI were 24.8 kg/m(2) (men) and 29.3 kg/m(2) (women). For waist circumference, these were 88 cm and 84.5 cm for men and women, respectively. Corresponding values for WHR were 0.87 and 0.80 and for WHTR were 0.51 and 0.54, respectively. DISCUSSION: Cut-off points for waist circumference and WHR were similar to those proposed in developed countries for women but lower in men. Waist circumference could be useful in health promotion as an alternative to BMI.     

2004年河北省城乡成人体质测量指标分析

目的了解河北省城乡成年居民体质测量指标及其超重与肥胖的状况。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，对4200例成年居民进行体质测量及其超重与肥胖的现况流行病学调查，分析不同人群超重与肥胖及其危险因素。结果男性各指标为城市高于农村组，女性身高、体重、臀围城市均高于农村；性别相比，男性身高、体重、腰围、腰臀比均高于女性（P〈0．01），而臀围、体质指数女性高于男性（P〈0．01）；不同职业中，国家机关、党群组织、企事业单位负责人和办事人员和有关人员及离退休人员的平均腰围、臀围、体质指数均居各组前3位；超重与肥胖均随年龄增长而增加，男性和女性的体质指数均为城市高于农村，以65岁以上年龄组尤为突出；城市及农村女性体质指数和腰围均随文化程度的升高而下降，而农村男性则随文化程度升高而升高；在城乡男性不同职业人员中，机关、办事人员体质指数较高；女性则为农、林、牧、渔、水利生产人员、离退休人员体质指数较高；农村男性和城市男、女性体质指数、腰围随家庭年收入的增加而增高。结论河北省成年居民体质测量指标存在城乡、性别、职业差异；超重与肥胖与职业、城乡、文化程度、家庭收入关系密切。     

沈阳汉族和满族医学生血压情况及其与体成分关系

目的了解辽宁省沈阳市汉族和满族医学生血压情况及其与体成分之间的关系,为高血压的预防提供参考依据。方法于2018年5月采用整群抽样方法在沈阳某高校抽取2189名19~21岁汉族和满族临床医学和预防医学专业本科生进行血压和体成分指标的测量,应用多元线性回归模型分析血压与体成分指标之间的关系。结果沈阳市汉族19、20和21岁男生收缩压分别为(135.30±11.67)、(135.42±14.56)和(134.65±13.31)mm Hg,均高于汉族同龄女生收缩压的(124.04±18.81)、(120.62±11.21)和(122.27±11.96)mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);满族20和21岁男生收缩压分别为(133.06±14.95)和(134.11±11.66)mm Hg,均高于满族20和21岁女生收缩压的(121.10±11.10)和(120.66±11.25)mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。汉族和满族医学生高血压、正常高值血压检出率分别为15.4%和11.5%、56.5%和56.2%;汉族和满族男生高血压检出率均高于同民族女生(均P<0.05);随着年龄增长,汉族和满族医学生及女生的正常高值血压检出率均呈下降趋势(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,沈阳汉族医学生体质指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR)均与收缩压和舒张压呈正相关(均P<0.01);满族医学生BMI和WHR均与收缩压呈正相关,BMI与舒张压亦呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论沈阳市汉族和满族医学生高血压和正常高值血压检出率较高,男生是血压控制的重点防护对象,BMI和WHR较高是血压升高的危险因素。