玉溪市中秋月饼检验结果分析

目的充分掌握玉溪市中秋月饼的卫生质量状况,确保消费者的健康,为卫生监督管理科学决策提供客观依据。方法由市及各县区卫生监督所按照随机采样原则抽取其辖区内生产厂家的产品,统一送玉溪市疾病预防控制中心进行检验检测。结果全市共抽检生产中秋月饼的单位72家,共抽样109件,合格103件,合格率94.5%,其中大型食品加工厂34家59件样品,合格59件,合格率100%;小型食品加工作坊38家50件样品,合格44件,合格率88%。大型食品厂的月饼和小型食品加工作坊的月饼合格率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.36,P〈0.01）。结论该市的中秋月饼卫生质量总体是好的,但应加强对小作坊的监督管理,针对中秋月饼季节性较强的特点,应建立健全一套有效的监督监测管理体系,保障中秋月饼的卫生质量。     

文登市1998～2002年食品卫生监测结果分析

做好经常性食品检验 ,是全面提高卫生质量的有效方法。我们在加强日常卫生监督管理的基础上 ,不定期对食品生产、加工企业的产品卫生质量进行跟踪采样检验。现将文登市 1998～2 0 0 2年食品生产、加工企业的产品卫生质量监测。结果总结如下。1　资料来源与方法根据法律、法规的要求 ,不定期的对全市食品生产、加工企业进行抽样检验 ,将全市 1998～ 2 0 0 2年所有食品生产、加工单位的卫生质量依据相关国家标准进行分析评价。2　结果5a检验食品样品 2 3 0 5份 ,合格 2 0 71份 ,合格率为89 85 % ,其中 1998年监测 13类食品 ,合格率为 80 2 7%…     

2007年莱州市食品生产用水卫生状况调查

目的:了解莱州市食品生产企业生产用水卫生质量,控制其生产产品卫生质量状况,为卫生监督管理提供科学依据.方法:2007年对55家食品生产企业进行现场调查和样品检测.结果:检测食品生产用水104份,合格84份,合格率为80.77%.其中理化指标合格94份,合格率90.38%,微生物指标合格85份,合格率为81.73%.结论:莱州市食品生产企业生产用水卫生质量总体较好,但部分企业的生产用水卫生质量较差,造成其生产产品卫生质量存在问题,需要卫生监督部门进一步对生产企业人员进行督导,阐明生产用水卫生质量对产品的重要影响,以保证产品质量,保障消费者的身体健康.     

2005-2006年濮阳市城区市售散装熟肉制品卫生质量分析

目的全面了解市售散装熟肉的卫生质量,探讨影响卫生质量的因素,为散装熟肉制品的卫生管理提供参考依据。方法对濮阳市城区2005-2006年散装熟肉制品检测结果进行分析。结果检测样品296份,合格率为74.66%,其中4-9月份合格率为65.63%,其它月份合格率为81.55%;微生物合格率为75.34%,理化指标合格率为97.00%;亚硝酸盐合格率为97.00%,其它理化指标合格率为100.00%;熟肉专营店销售的散装熟肉制品合格率高于个体摊贩及食品超市熟食部;自制熟肉制品的合格率高于非自制产品。结论濮阳市城区市售散装熟肉制品的卫生质量不容乐观,提高从业人员的卫生意识,规范其操作行为,健全加工、运输、销售环节的卫生设施,是提高散装熟肉制品合格率的关键。     

重庆市万州区市售熟肉制品卫生质量状况调查

[目的]了解重庆市万州区市售熟肉制品的卫生质量状况。[方法]采用随机抽样监测方法，对万州区的大型食品超市和集贸市场销售的熟肉制品进行检测。[结果]共检测熟肉制品378份，合格188份，合格率49．74％。亚硝酸盐合格率84．29％，细菌总数合格率64．62％，大肠菌群合格率55．99％。超市熟肉制品合格率高于集贸市场，分别为75．00％和43．79％，二者间差异有统计学意义。[结论]万州区市售熟肉制品卫生质量堪忧，应加强其加工至销售各环节的卫生监督监测。     

2006年福州市部分大中型超市食品安全状况调查

[目的]了解大、中型超市的食品安全状况，探讨其管理模式。[方法]2006年10月，在福州市5家大型、4家中型超市，对销售的定型包装食品的索证、自制散装食品的加工销售卫生、从业人员的卫生知识情况进行调查。[结果]定型包装食品索证合格率。大型超市（154份）为60．39％，中型超市（131份）为41．22％（P〈0．01）；自制食品销售容器、专人销售、标识的合格率，大型超市（32份）分别为93．75％、100．00％、40．63％，中型超市（31份）分别为51．61％、48．39％、0．00％（P〈0．01）。食品从业人员卫生知识合格率，大型超市（28人）为60．71％，中型超市（24人）为66．67％，各项知识、法规合格率大型与中型超市的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]福州市大中型超市食品卫生工作存在安全隐患，中型超市尤其严重。     

厦门一次性卫生用品生产环境卫生状况调查

目的了解厦门一次性卫生用品生产厂家环境卫生状况。方法对厦门地区1 7家一次性卫生用品生产企业生产环境卫生质量进行现场抽样调查。结果 17家共检测样品3 20件,总合格率为96.6%,物体表面合格率为98.5%,车间空气合格率10 0.0%;工作人员手合格率为90.0%,工作人员手均未检出致病菌。结论本市一次性卫生用品生产企业环境工人手卫生质量存在细菌总数不合格现象。     

河南省部分农村寄宿制中小学校食堂卫生学评价

目的了解河南省农村寄宿制学校食堂的基础设施卫生及食品安全状况,探索存在的问题及相应的解决方案。方法在经济较发达县、中等发达县及欠发达县各选取60所寄宿制学校,共计180所,对所选学校食堂设施布局及环境卫生,食品及原料采购、贮存及加工,从业人员卫生,食堂监督管理等进行卫生学评价。结果食堂功能区独立合格率为25.4%,操作间地面足够防滑和"三防"设施合格率分别为20.3%和19.2%;餐饮具存放、专用清洗池设施合格率分别为37.3%和44.1%,食品原料采购索证合格率为36.7%,食品规范贮存的合格率为53.1%,冷藏设备配备不足,剩余食品冷藏合格率为57.6%;从业人员卫生各项指标合格率在80%以上;食堂监督管理几项主要指标合格率均在80%以上。结论农村寄宿制中小学校食堂基础设施配备不足且布局不合理,食品及原料采购、贮存及加工环节欠规范,监督管理制度落实不到位。     

HACCP法在部队大型会议食品卫生保障中的应用

目的：搞好部队大型会议的食品卫生保障。方法：对部队大型会议期间的食品不安全因素通过调研加以确定，提出关键控制点，建立评估体系，结果：从食品监督人员，食品从业人员，餐厅设施布局、工作用具及餐具，原料及加工，生活饮用水，环境卫生等方面提出了危害因素及关键控制点，使餐、厨、茶具消毒合格率大大增加，食品从业人员的卫生知识考试合格率增加，提高了食品卫生保障的质量和效率，结论：结合部队情况，将HACCP用部队大型会议食品卫生保障的作法是成功的。     

广东省妇幼卫生用品生产环境及产品卫生质量

目的了解广东省妇幼卫生用品生产环境及产品卫生质量现状,探讨生产环境与产品卫生质量关系。方法对广东省103家妇幼卫生用品生产企业进行生产环境及产品微生物指标检测。结果生产环境微生物检测指标均合格的企业有72家(占69.90%),工人手、工作台面、车间空气微生物指标合格率分别为84.49%(256/303)、91.04%(244/268)和90.48%(171/189);抽检产品207份,合格率为95.65%,不合格项目主要是细菌菌落总数及真菌菌落总数超标;生产环境卫生质量合格和不合格企业的产品合格率分别为97.90%(140/143)和90.63%(58/64),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论广东省妇幼卫生用品生产环境及产品均存在不同程度的污染,应进一步加强生产过程卫生管理,切实做好产品自检工作,提高出厂产品合格率。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Increase in social inequality in health expectancy in Denmark

AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。