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1.
一起急性上呼吸道病毒感染暴发流行的病原学分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的探讨2006年2月下旬汕头市某小学暴发的一起急性上呼吸道病毒感染的病原学。方法采集患者急性期咽拭子标本进行腺病毒、B型流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒的核酸检测,对PCR结果进行序列测定和分析;咽拭子标本用Hep-2细胞进行病毒分离;用患者双份血清进行腺病毒中和实验和B型流感病毒的血凝抑制试验。结果35份患者的咽拭子标本中用PCR扩增同时检测到了12份腺病毒(阳性率为34.3%)和15份B型流感病毒(阳性率为42.9%),呼吸道合胞病毒核酸检测阴性。序列分析表明腺病毒与江苏省2005年分离的毒株以及广东省2005年分离的3型腺病毒毒株的相似性高达98%,而B型流感病毒与孟斐斯分离到的B型流感病毒同源性高达99%。咽拭子标本用Hep-2细胞未分离到腺病毒和B型流感病毒。病人双份血清的腺病毒中和试验显示抗体没有4倍增长,但腺病毒阳性者晚期血清抗体几何平均值为12.1,腺病毒阴性者即为1.4。而B型流感病毒双份血清血凝抑制试验表明恢复期抗体比较急性期抗体有4倍或以上增长。结论该次急性上呼吸道感染是由B型流感病毒引起的,但可能先前感染过腺病毒。  相似文献   

2.
目的:对一起急性呼吸道感染症暴发疫情进行流行病学和病原学研究,以明确诊断,控制疫情。方法:通过流行病学调查描述疫情流行特征;采用病例对照研究分析流行因素;患者的咽拭子标本中提取核酸;PCR法检测病毒特异性基因片段;组织培养法(Hep-2细胞)分离病毒;电子显微镜观察病毒形态;型特异血清及型特异引物鉴定分离毒株型别;中和实验检测患者急性期和恢复期血清抗体效价。结果:疫情报告病例871例,波及10个乡镇,主要为在校中小学及幼儿园学生(占94.37oA),具有班级聚集性。病例对照研究显示危险因素为与病人的接触、与鸡接触及家庭内共用毛巾等。35份咽拭子标本分离出15株病毒,分离阳性率42.9%。分离病毒经鉴定为腺病毒3型。PCR法检测腺病毒DNA,112份咽拭子标本中68份阳性,阳性率60.7%。18例双份血清中13例中和效价呈4倍以上增长或转阳,阳性率72.2%。对病毒进行全基因序列测定,确定为腺病毒3型。结论:本起急性呼吸道感染症暴发疫情由腺病毒3型引起,传播途径以呼吸道传播和密切接触为主。  相似文献   

3.
[目的]分析CoxA16引起某幼儿园手足口病暴发的特征。[方法]对幼儿园儿童进行流行病学和临床特征的调查;并采集典型病例粪便、急性期与恢复期血液标本,密切接触者粪便标本进行肠道病毒分离或/和PCR检测,血清中和抗体测定。[结果]发病25例,罹患率9.8%,用RD和Vero细胞自8份患儿和35份密切接触者粪便标本中各分离到3株和9株病毒,对3例病例及10例密切接触者中分离株,诊断为柯萨奇病毒A16型,而EV 71型均为阴性。血清中和抗体测定恢复期中和抗体滴度呈4倍及以上增长。[结论]CoxA16肠道病毒是导致本次幼儿园手足口病暴发的病原,今后应加强肠道病毒引起的手足口病的监测和防治研究工作。  相似文献   

4.
[目的]分析CoxAl6引起某幼儿园手足口病暴发的特征。[方法]对幼儿园儿童进行流行病学和临床特征的调查;并采集典型病例粪便、急性期与恢复期血液标本,密切接触者粪便标本进行肠道病毒分离或/和PCR检测,血清中和抗体测定。[结果]发病25例,罹患率9.8%,用RD和Vero细胞自8份患儿和35份密切接触者粪便标本中各分离到3株和9株病毒,对3例病例及10例密切接触者中分离株,诊断为柯萨奇病毒A16型,而EV 71型均为阴性。血清中和抗体测定恢复期中和抗体滴度呈4倍及以上增长。[结论]CoxAl6肠道病毒是导致本次幼儿园手足口病暴发的病原,今后应加强肠道病毒引起的手足口病的监测和防治研究工作。  相似文献   

5.
西安市麻疹流行病原毒株和疫苗免疫因素研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 确定引起西安市麻疹流行的病原毒株,探讨相关的疫苗免疫因素。方法 采集麻疹病人咽拭子标本分离病毒,用酚-氯仿抽提法提取病毒悬液中的RNA,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)扩增N基因碳末端的450个核苷酸(bp)片段,对扩增产物进行序列测定和基因分型。用微量中和试验测定麻疹病人急性期和恢复期血清中和麻疹疫苗株和野毒株的中和抗体水平。结果 采集咽拭子标本13份,分离出麻疹病毒8株,分离率61.54%;8株麻疹病毒均为H1基因型H1a亚型。结论 H1基因型H1a亚型是引起西安市本次麻疹流行的病原病毒。此次麻疹流行不排除疫苗保护性下降因素和麻疹疫苗免疫工作中存在无效接种而造成的免疫空白。  相似文献   

6.
一起由游泳池水传播的咽结膜热暴发   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
1991年8月底至9月中旬,杭州一个工厂子弟学校暴发一起以高热伴咽炎、结合膜炎及皮疹为特征的咽结膜热。从24例患者的28份咽眼拭子标本中分离到7型腺病毒18株。从游泳池水样中也分离到相同病毒1株。  相似文献   

7.
腺病毒3型引起的儿童咽结膜炎暴发   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
目的 分析腺病毒3型引起的咽结膜炎暴发的流行病学特征。方法 对幼儿园发生的咽结膜炎暴发病例进行发病经过和传播因素调查,采集眼、咽拭子进行病毒分离和鉴定,并检测双份血清抗体。结果 病例主要发生在幼儿园2个小班,罹患率分别为71.8%和89.7%,流行曲线呈现2个高峰,共持续17天,由幼儿间密切接触经呼吸道传播。患儿龄4-5岁,高热39℃以上占90.0%,持续高热3天以上占87.9%,眼结膜充血占57.6%,伴流涕、咽痛等症状 占69.7%;推测最短潜伏期为1-4天。经Hep-2细胞培养分离到病毒19株,采用中和试验鉴定为Ad3,与PCR检测结果一致。用标准Ad3和自身分离到毒株对23例患儿双份血清进行检测,抗体滴度呈4倍升高;进一步对毒株进行限制性内酶分析,符合Ad3a2图谱特征。结论 疫情是由腺病毒3型引起的咽结膜炎暴发。  相似文献   

8.
胡晓军 《现代预防医学》2014,(14):2647-2649,2652
目的探讨用3种方法检测2013年5月赣州市某小学暴发的一起急性上呼吸道病毒感染病原学的检测结果。方法采集患者急性期咽拭子标本进行流感病毒核酸检测(荧光PCR);咽拭子标本用MDCK细胞进行病毒分离;用患者急性期和恢复期双份血清进行新甲型H1N1型流感病毒的红细胞凝集抑制试验(HI)。结果 14份咽拭子标本中用荧光PCR扩增检测到了13份新甲型H1N1型流感病毒核酸,阳性率为92.9%。14份咽拭子标本用MDCK细胞分离到10株新甲型H1N1型流感病毒,阳性率为71.4%。14名患者中有9名患者双份血清的新甲型H1N1型流感病毒HI试验恢复期抗体比较急性期抗体有4倍或以上增长(阳性率为64.3%)。结论该次急性上呼吸道感染是由新甲型H1N1型流感病毒引起的,3种检测方法各有特点。  相似文献   

9.
本文报道1991年5~8月上海地区发生小儿脑脑膜炎和脑炎流行,从患儿的粪便标本和脑脊液标本中分离到14株病毒,阳性率分别为46.43%和14.29%。分离病毒经特异血清鉴定为ECHO_(30)型,该型病毒对1日龄乳鼠染毒无致病性;耐酸、耐乙醚;毒粒呈球形,直径为25~27nm。根据患儿恢复期血清中抗新分离病毒代毒株的中和抗体平均几何滴度为急性期的15.13倍,新分离病毒代表株免疫血清对本病毒和ECHO_(30)型病毒原型株的中和抗体滴度仅2倍之差,从而确定ECHO_(30)型病毒为本次流行的病原体。  相似文献   

10.
陕西省麻疹病毒基因分型及疫苗免疫因素分析   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
李平  司源  关蓉晖 《中国公共卫生》2007,23(9):1122-1124
目的确定引起陕西省麻疹流行的病原毒株,探讨相关的疫苗免疫因素。方法采集麻疹病人咽拭子标本分离病毒,用酚-氯仿抽提法提取病毒悬液中的RNA,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增N基因碳末端的核苷酸450个(bp)片段,对扩增产物进行序列测定和基因分型。用微量中和试验测定健康人群麻疹病人急性期血清中和麻疹疫苗株和野毒株的中和抗体水平。结果从82份咽拭子中分离出19株H1基因型麻疹病毒。麻疹疫苗免疫血清和有免疫史麻疹急性期病人血清对麻疹野毒株的中和抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为26.36和26.90,明显低于疫苗株,GMT分别为49.30和56.18。结论陕西省近年麻疹流行是由H1基因型麻疹野病毒引起,不排除疫苗对目前流行株保护性不足的因素。  相似文献   

11.
An outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenovirus type 3 was studied in a boarding school for 800 boys aged 11-18 years. A total of 96 clinical cases were confirmed by laboratory tests. Clinical infection rates were higher in the younger boys but total infection rate did not vary with age. Previous infection provided 88% protection against reinfection. The techniques of virus isolation, complement fixation and neutralization were compared in the diagnosis of cases. Virus isolation diagnosed 86% of confirmed cases. Where acute sera (collected at onset) and convalescent sera (collected within one month) were available complement fixation and neutralization tests each diagnosed 96% of cases.  相似文献   

12.
An outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenovirus type 3 was studied in a boarding school for 800 boys aged 11-18 years. A total of 96 clinical cases were confirmed by laboratory tests. Clinical infection rates were higher in the younger boys but total infection rate did not vary with age. Previous infection provided 88% protection against reinfection. The techniques of virus isolation, complement fixation and neutralization were compared in the diagnosis of cases. Virus isolation diagnosed 86% of confirmed cases. Where acute sera (collected at onset) and convalescent sera (collected within one month) were available complement fixation and neutralization tests each diagnosed 96% of cases.  相似文献   

13.
A number of adenovirus serotypes have been associated with both sporadic cases and outbreaks of conjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever but only adenovirus type 8 and adenovirus type 19 have been responsible for wide-spread epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis. In Melbourne, Australia, in the past eight years these two serotypes have been prevalent, resulting in an outbreak of adenovirus type 8 kerato-conjunctivitis in 1976-7 followed by adenovirus type 19 kerato-conjunctivitis in 1978-9. During these two periods of peak incidence, 53 cases of adenovirus type 8 and 43 cases of adenovirus type 19 kerato-conjunctivitis were confirmed by isolation.  相似文献   

14.
目的分析萍乡市一起咽结膜热暴发的流行特征和病因,为今后此类传染病防控提供参考。方法制定病例定义进行病例搜索,对所有病例进行个案调查,对游泳馆进行现场卫生学调查,对患者咽拭子标本和游泳池水进行实验室检测。结果本起疫情累计病例84例,发病高峰在8月1~5日;年龄以5~13岁最多,占总病例数的77.38%。患者发病前均有游泳史,临床表现主要为发热伴咽痛、扁桃体红肿、眼结膜充血等。8份现症病人咽拭子标本经Real-time PCR方法检测,确定为腺病毒感染。结论本起咽结膜热暴发疫情的病原体为腺病毒,暴发可能是通过被污染的游泳池水造成传播。  相似文献   

15.
Adenovirus eye infections in an Australian city, 1972-9   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
A number of adenovirus serotypes have been associated with both sporadic cases and outbreaks of conjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever but only adenovirus type 8 and adenovirus type 19 have been responsible for wide-spread epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis. In Melbourne, Australia, in the past eight years these two serotypes have been prevalent, resulting in an outbreak of adenovirus type 8 kerato-conjunctivitis in 1976-7 followed by adenovirus type 19 kerato-conjunctivitis in 1978-9. During these two periods of peak incidence, 53 cases of adenovirus type 8 and 43 cases of adenovirus type 19 kerato-conjunctivitis were confirmed by isolation.  相似文献   

16.
A sharp outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever due to adenovirus type 3 occurred in two swimming teams shortly alter exposure to unchlorinated water. Children swimming in the chlorinated water suffered no similar illness. The attack rate was 65% and 67% for each team, Attempts to isolate the virus from the water after the outbreak failed. In ten of 19 affected families, transmission to other family members was demonstrated; the secondary attack rate for children was 63%, for adults 19%. The majority of infected children suffered fever, pharyngitis, and conjunctivitis; symptoms in adults were milder, with conjunctivitis predominating. Diarrhea was more common among children infected at home. The median incubation period for swimmers was estimated at seven days; the median case-to-case interval in the families was 11 days.  相似文献   

17.
High rates of absenteeism in a North Queensland primary school, due to eye irritation, fever, headache, and stomach pain, were reported to the Tropical Public Health Unit in October 2000. Subsequent investigation demonstrated that the symptoms were due to adenovirus infection. Symptoms were consistent with a diagnosis of pharyngoconjunctival fever. At the height of the outbreak, about 40 per cent of students were absent. There was a strong association between the development of symptoms, and having been swimming on a recent school camp. Adenovirus could not be isolated from swimming pool water from the resort where the camp had been held. However, when inspected the swimming pool was not adequately chlorinated or maintained. It is probable that adenovirus infection was transmitted via swimming pool water at the school camp, and the outbreak might have been avoided by higher standards of swimming pool maintenance.  相似文献   

18.
目的 对奉化市一起腺病毒暴发疫情进行流行病学调查和实验室检测,为及时采取有效控制措施提供依据.方法 对2016年奉化市某游泳池腺病毒暴发疫情进行现场调查,描述分析病例发病过程及流行病学特征.采集病例样本进行实时荧光定量PCR检测,并对阳性样本进行病毒分离.以腺病毒六邻体基因(Hexon gene)为目的基因,对分离株进行扩增测序.将测序结果提交GenBank进行BLAST比对,MEGA 5.2软件对腺病毒的六邻体基因序列构建进化树,确定其型别.结果 该起疫情历时15d,共出现18例住院患儿,临床症状以发热、扁桃体化脓和眼红为主,在发病前1~5天内有某游泳馆暴露史j 10份患儿咽拭子样本的PCR检测结果显示,均为呼吸道腺病毒(RADV)阳性,CT值在17~26之间.测序比对结果表明分离到的6株腺病毒序列相同,基因亲缘关系树显示该批分离株均为腺病毒B亚群,与人腺病毒3型参考株同处一支,同源性为99.1%~99.8%.结论 此次游泳池暴露的疫情系人腺病毒3型引起.  相似文献   

19.
目的分离培养及鉴定湖北省2019年首起本地感染登革热病例病原体,以确定病毒的血清型和基因型并进行溯源。方法采集患者血清标本用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行IgM和IgG抗体检测;用荧光定量PCR方法鉴定登革热病毒血清型;采用C6/36细胞分离登革热病毒后获取病毒E基因和全基因组序列进行系统进化分析,追溯可能的感染来源。结果该起疫情病原鉴定为登革热病毒血清Ⅰ型并分离到登革热Ⅰ型毒株5株;经系统进化分析属于登革热Ⅰ型中的基因Ⅰ型,与2019年广州分离株同源性最高。结论湖北省2019年首起登革热本地感染疫情由Ⅰ型登革热病毒的基因Ⅰ型引起。  相似文献   

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