核生化洗消污水收集处理系统的技术方案

目的:设计一种核生化洗消污水收集处理系统,对核生化洗消污水进行收集和处理,实施无害化处理.方法:集成膜分离、吸附、电催化氧化、离子交换、消毒等污水处理技术工艺,洗消污水处理系统由生化洗消污水处理单元、核洗消污水处理单元以及复合洗消污水处理单元组成.通过将不同单元进行串联,组合成具有不同功能的洗消污水处理系统.结果:该系统收集核生化洗消污水,有效去除污水中的致病微生物、化学毒剂和放射性物质.结论:该系统能高效地处理核生化洗消污水,使处理后的水达到排放或回用标准.     

粪便消纳处理工艺综述

从集中式处理和分散式处理2个方面介绍了粪便消纳处理的工艺,其中集中式处理介绍了欧美国家和发展中国家的不同,并区分了不同工艺的适合条件和优缺点;分散式处理介绍了日本的净化槽装置和美国的粪便燃烧装置的应用情况。     

循环式活性污泥法处理小区生活污水

对江苏省连云港田湾核电站专家村生活小区的污水处理系统的工艺、构筑物的参数进行了设计.污水处理系统工艺采用循环式活性污泥法(CASS工艺),污水处理后出水CODCr、SS、BOD5、氨氮、磷酸盐的平均去除率分别达77.6%、85.4%、74.0%、83.0%、79.7%,出水各项水质指标达到DB 32-1998连云港市水污染物排放标准中的二级标准.     

人工湿地系统在我国中小城镇污水处理中的应用

分析了我国中小城镇水污染现状及形成原因,介绍了人工湿地系统作用机理及其特点,并与传统污水处理工艺进行了比较,得出应用人工湿地系统处理污水具有效率高,投资和运转费用低,处理效果好,易于操作管理,生态和社会效益好等结论.     

地震后农村分散式供水饮用适宜性评价的属性识别模型

目的 建立震后农村分散式供水的饮用适宜性评价模型,并对5.12地震后都江堰市农村分散式供水的饮用适宜性进行评价.方法于2008年5月14-18日,随机采集都江堰市分散式供水水样130件,检测pH值、色度、浑浊度、铁、锰、铝、挥发性酚类、耗氧量、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、菌落总数、总大肠菌群12项指标.建立震后农村分散式供水饮用...     

2013年哈局管内分散式供水监测结果分析

目的 对哈局管内2013年分散式供水监测结果进行分析,全面了解哈局管内分散式供水的水质卫生状况.方法 选取哈铁疾控中心2013年管内分散式供水监测资料,按照GB/T5750.2-2006《国家生活饮用水标准检验方法水样的采集与保存》操作,按照GB/T5750-2006《国家生活饮用水标准检验方法》进行检测,按照GB5749-2006《国家生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价.结果 2013年对23个供水单位的23件水进行了14项指标的检测,其中合格为5件,合格率为21.7％;主要不合格项目为肉眼可见物、硝酸盐氮、色度、浊度、铁、锰、硝酸盐.结论 未经处理和消毒的分散式供水方式,水质质量存在问题,要加强分散式供水的监测管理力度.     

2011-2016年在湘铁路沿线分散式给水微生物指标检测分析

目的 对在湘铁路沿线分散式给水微生物指标检测分析,为改善铁路沿线分散式饮水卫生质量、制定肠道传染病预防对策提供依据.方法 对2011-2016年湖南省铁路沿线分散式给水微生物检测数据收集整理,统计分析,并与同期内集中式给水微生物检测数据进行比较.结果 2011-2016分散式给水微生物指标超标率为60.95％;分散式给水的两种水源类型地表水与地下水的总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌的超标率存在统计学差异,地下水超标率明显低于地表水(x2-44.51,P＜0.01);与集中式给水(末梢水)四项微生物指标超标率比较,发现分散式给水微生物污染较集中式给水严重(x2=44.51,P＜0.01).结论 在湘铁路分散式给水微生物污染现状不容乐观,发生肠道传染病的风险较高,应引起有关部门的高度重视,加强饮水卫生安全管理.     

2006-2011年福建境内铁路分散式供水监测情况分析

目的 分析福建省境内铁路分散式供水监测情况,为铁路分散式供水的监管提供依据.方法 对2006-2011年铁路分散式供水点卫生档案及水质监测资料进行分析和评价.结果 共采集水样311件,合格率17.4％,2006-2011年水样合格率均处于低水平状态(＜30％).除菌落总数(54.7％)、总大肠菌群(36.4％)、耐热大肠菌群(51.1％)、浑浊度(82.6％)和肉眼可见物(84.2)外,其余指标的合格率均在90％以上.水源以溪水的微生物指标合格率最低(13.3％).结论 福建省境内铁路分散式供水水质合格率较低,主要受微生物指标尤其是总大肠菌群的影响,分散式供水水质亟待改善.     

家庭厨余破碎纳入污水处理系统的可行性分析

综合国内外食物垃圾处理机安装前后的对比研究,从居民使用成本和对城市污水处理系统的影响角度探索家庭厨余垃圾经破碎进入污水处理系统的可行性,结果表明该方法是可行的,但将大量的食物有机垃圾转移至污水处理系统对其造成的长远影响有待进一步考量.     

合肥-芜湖北铁路系统分散式水源状况

为了保障铁路职工及其家属的身体健康,向铁路职工及其家属提供符合卫生要求的生活饮用水.我们于1998年5月对管区内分散式水源进行了一次全面的理化检验.现将合肥工作组管区内分散式给水状况分析如下.     

Comparative analysis of the composition of bacterial communities from two constructed wetlands for municipal and swine wastewater treatment

This work provides information about bacterial community structure in natural wastewater treatment systems treating different types of wastewater. The diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere of Typha latifolia and Salix atrocinerea were studied and compared among two different natural wastewater treatment systems, using the direct sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA codifying genes. Phylogenetic affiliations of the bacteria detected allowed us to define the main groups present in these particular ecosystems. Moreover, bacterial community structure was studied through two diversity indices. Ten identified and five non-identified phyla were found in the samples; the phylum Proteobacteria was the predominant group in the four ecosystems. The results showed a bacterial community dominated by beta-proteobacteria and a lower diversity value in the swine wastewater treatment system. The municipal wastewater treatment system presented a high diverse community in both macrophytes (Typha latifolia and Salix atrocinerea), with gamma-proteobacteria and alpha-proteobacteria, respectively, as the most abundant groups.     

铜川市粪便处理厂工艺设计

介绍了陕西省铜川市粪便处理厂采用厌氧消化-沉淀-SBR工艺,对粪便的固形物和污水进行处理,经过厌氧消化池后上清液采用SBR法处理,污水出水水质达到国家二级排放标准,固形物用以堆肥.并对经营成本和投资进行了估算.     

Research Challenges: Implementing Standardized Outcome Measures in a Decentralized,Community-based Residential Treatment Program

With residential treatment services under pressure to produce outcome data, the process of executing research in such settings presents considerable challenges. This paper describes how a large, decentralized, community-based residential treatment program in southern and central Maine designed and implemented a research outcome process study using standardized measures on a variety of dimensions. The study’s rationale, process, challenges and findings are presented. Results indicated that the challenges to this work were minimized due to careful planning and collaboration by and with administration and treatment staff. Unique to this work was the process where a formal research approach was used in the context of a private, geographically diverse organization.     

城市污水厂污泥处理处置现状分析及处理系统设计

分析了我国城市污水厂污泥产生量、危害及处理技术,并对污泥处理系统进行设计。     

EM菌在污水生物处理工艺中的应用

介绍了EM菌的使用方法,将EM菌污水生物处理工艺与传统污水生物处理方法进行了对比.EM菌投加到污水生物处理单元时,可有效地强化微生物对COD、TN和TP的处理效果,减少曝气时间以及污泥产生量,显示出EM菌较好的经济性.     

填埋场矿化垃圾资源综合利用研究进展

以上海老港填埋场为实例,介绍了矿化垃圾的概念及其物理、化学和生物学性质,以及用矿化垃圾处理渗滤液、畜禽废水、焦化废水的研究成果及应用.     

环卫垃圾车清洗工艺与设施

介绍了垃圾车清洗设施通过运用机电一体化技术和环境工程技术,实现了垃圾车全自动化清洗和洗车污水处理循环回用,不仅洗车效率高,并且降低了成本;并结合实例对垃圾车清洗设施运行成本进行了分析。     

Control of occupational exposure to phenol in industrial wastewater treatment plant of a petroleum refinery in Alexandria,Egypt: An intervention application case study

Phenol exposure is one of the hazards in the industrial wastewater treatment basin of any refinery. It additively interacts with hydrogen sulfide emitted from the wastewater basin. Consequently, its concentration should be greatly lower than its threshold limit value. The present study aimed at controlling occupational exposure to phenol in the work environment of wastewater treatment plant in a refinery by reducing phenolic compounds in the industrial wastewater basin. This study was conducted on both laboratory and refinery scales. The first was completed by dividing each wastewater sample from the outlets of different refinery units into three portions; the first was analyzed for phenolic compounds. The second and third were for laboratory scale charcoal and bacterial treatments. The two methods were compared regarding their simplicities, design, and removal efficiencies. Accordingly, bacterial treatment by continuous flow of sewage water containing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was used for refinery scale treatment. Laboratory scale treatment of phenolic compounds revealed higher removal efficiency of charcoal [100.0(0.0) %] than of bacteria [99.9(0.013) %]. The refinery scale bacterial treatment was [99.8(0.013) %] efficient. Consequently, level of phenol in the work environment after refinery-scale treatment [0.069(0.802) mg/m³] was much lower than that before [5.700(26.050) mg/m³], with removal efficiency of [99.125(2.335) %]. From the present study, we can conclude that bacterial treatment of phenolic compounds in industrial wastewater of the wastewater treatment plant using continuous flow of sewage water containing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa reduces the workers' exposure to phenol.