新型农村合作医疗满意度模糊综合评价

目的:了解山东省威海市农民对新型农村合作医疗制度满意度,为进一步推行新型农村合作医疗制度提供科学依据.方法:按照分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取威海市4303名农村居民,采用模糊综合评价方法评价其对新型农村合作医疗制度的满意度.结果:参合农民对新型农村合作医疗制度的满意度一般.结论:保障水平低、基金使用效率不高、受益程度过低等是导致新型农村合作医疗制度满意度一般的关键因素,应做出相应调整.     

参加新型农村合作医疗农民认知度和满意度调查

目的了解黑龙江省农民对新型农村合作医疗制度认知度、满意度,旨在进一步完善新型农村合作医疗制度提供科学依据。方法采用现场家庭入户抽样调查的方法,用χ2检验和因子分析方法分析认知度和满意度。结果对新型农村合作医疗制度的认知度差异有统计学意义(χ2=23 339.172,P=0.000),总体满意度62.767%,农民意愿补偿比例差异有统计学意义(χ2=136.700,P=0.000)。结论黑龙江省农村居民对新型农村合作医疗制度的认知度和满意度均较低,农民意愿提高补偿比例、提高缴费标准、加大政府投入。     

农民参加新型农村合作医疗影响因素分析

目的了解黑龙江省农村居民参加新型农村合作医疗的影响因素。方法采用分层抽样方法抽取黑龙江省9个县9 741名农村居民为研究对象进行入户调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果参加新农合的农村居民9 207人(94.5%);了解新农合的基本药物目录者1 525人(15.7%),了解新农合基金个人每人每年筹资数额者7 260人(74.5%),了解新农合缴费标准者6 254人(64.2%);对新农合个人缴费满意和非常满意者占40.7%,对医疗机构设置满意和非常满意者占23.4%。多因素结果显示,文化程度(OR=0.630)、收入(OR=1.323)、最近一年医药费用(OR=2.027)、离家最近的卫生机构在15分钟内能否到达(OR=0.474)、是否了解新农合基金个人每人每年筹资数额(OR=0.313)、是否了解新农合缴纳保费的标准(OR=0.514)、对新农合个人缴纳费用是否满意(OR=0.608)、对新农合规定的就医机构设置是否满意(OR=0.549)是农村居民参合的影响因素。结论农村居民参合率低于全省平均水平;农民参加新型农村合作医疗受文化程度、家庭医药费用、对"新农合"相关知识的了解及对新农合的满意度等因素影响。     

农民参加新型农村合作医疗意愿的影响因素分析

目的了解河南、吉林两省试点地区农村居民对新型农村合作医疗的认知、参保意愿及其影响因素,为增强新型农村合作医疗的可持续发展提供对策和建议。方法自行设计问卷,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对947名农户进行入户访谈式问卷调查。结果调查对象中,93.5%的农村居民参加了新型农村合作医疗。89.6%的农村居民愿意参加下一年的合作医疗。Logistic回归结果显示:参合报销情况、卫生服务需要利用(过去一年内家人慢性病罹患情况)、新型农村合作医疗相关知识的认知情况(政策知晓、对合作医疗的担心)是影响农村居民参合意愿的主要因素,R2=0.202。结论宣传和健康教育是增强农民参合积极性的重要途径。     

不同经济收入农户对新型农村合作医疗满意程度的调查

目的 了解青岛市崂山区不同经济收入农户对新型农村合作医疗的满意程度.方法 采用分层与单纯随机抽样相结合的方法,抽出12个村(居委会)的2176户居民,进行问卷调查.结果 新型农村合作医疗自愿参加率为64.20%,不同经济状况农户问的差异有统计学意义(X2=12.0076,P=0.0173).当把门诊慢性病治疗费用纳入补偿范围后,新型农村合作医疗的自愿参加率上升至89.66%,不同经济状况农户间差异无统计学意义(X2=6.9103,P=0.1407).有67.69%农户对目前以大病统筹为主的补偿方式满意.结论 不同经济收入农户对新型农村合作医疗制度的满意度不同,农户对新型农村合作医疗有改革要求     

广东省新型农村合作医疗满意度及影响因素研究

目的:调查广东省新农合整体满意度及对经办机构制定的各项政策满意度,探讨影响新农合整体满意度的重要因素,改进和完善新型农村合作医疗各项政策,为新农合的可持续发展提供科学依据.方法:采用分层随机抽样,根据人均GDP将全省分为好、中、差三类地区,然后对入选地区的农民进行随机抽查,共收回2294份.结果:农民对新农合的整体满意度是88.8％.新农合的整体满意度与报销比例、报销手续、报销的病种范围、宣传力度、筹资方式、服务态度、运行管理和监督方式有关.结论:农户对新农合的整体满意率较高.报销比例、报销手续、报销的病种范围、宣传力度、筹资方式、服务态度、运行管理和监督方式是影响新农合整体满意度的重要因素.     

当涂县农村居民对新型农村合作医疗运行认知及满意度调查分析

目的：评价安徽省当涂县农村居民对新型农村合作医疗公平、公正、公开的认知。方法：在全县14个乡镇中每乡镇各随机抽取1个行政村,每个行政村各随机抽取80户农村居民采用自行设计问卷面对面、一对一匿名调查。结果：新型农村合作医疗制度开展5年以来,人们对新型农村合作医疗政策是有了较好的认识,在调查的1094户农村居民中有94．4％认为该政策是公平、公正、公开的;在报销过住院费用的819户农村居民中,有89．4％的农村居民户主认为合作医疗住院费用的报销过程比较方便,49．9％农村居民认为药价比新型合作医疗实施前有所升高。结论：农村居民对新型农村合作医疗制度运行较为满意,但新型农村合作医疗定点医疗机构“以药养医”现象仍不能忽视。     

婺源县新农合实施现状及满意度调查与分析

目的：了解江西省婺源县新型农村合作医疗制度实施的现状和满意度。方法：对调查数据采用频数分析实施现状,χ^2关联性分析满意度的影响因素。结果：在被调查人群中新型农村合作医疗的参与度达到90%以上,农民对新型农村合作医疗满意程度较高,了解程度一般。满意度与其了解程度度、资金公开情况、报销方式和是否报销过相关（P〈0.05）。讨论：根据调查结果分析,杜绝参合前后药价不一的现象、切实提高基层医疗水平、提高参合农民的防患意识以及突破新农合地区区域性限制,可提高农民群众对该项制度的满意度。     

城市参保农民工参加新型农村合作医疗现况及影响因素研究

了解城市参保农民工参加新型农村合作医疗的情况,探索影响农民工参加新型农村合作医疗的因素.方法:对深圳市2072名参保农民工进行抽样调查,采取描述性方法和非条件Logistic 回归进行分析.结果:有19.3%参保农民工参加了新型农村合作医疗,参保农民工群体参加新型农村合作医疗比例较低,其中农民工婚姻状况,文化程度,年龄以及职业状况对农民工的参加新型农村合作医疗有影响.结论:国家完善新型农村合作医疗制度,适应农民工的特点,增加新型农村合作医疗制度的便携性.     

山西省新型农村合作医疗补偿满意度的调查与分析

目的了解山西省参合农民对新型农村合作医疗补偿制度的满意度。方法采用问卷调查的方法,由1位老师和8位社会医学与卫生事业管理教研室的研究生组成调查小组,并对调查对象进行一对一访谈。结果多数参合农民对新型农村合作医疗补偿制度总体表示满意,满意度得分为(36.600±9.121)分;但对补偿范围和报销比例的满意度不佳;其中报销比例的满意度总体得分为(15.876±0.939)分,补偿范围满意度总体得分为(6.251±0.905)分。结论针对调查发现的问题,采取相应措施对新型农村合作医疗制度做进一步的完善。     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.     

The Life Events Inventory: re-scaling based on an occupational sample.

The objective of this study was to compare the validity of the original weightings used by the Life Events Inventory (LEI) with those obtained from a contemporary occupational sample. Fifty male and 62 female manufacturing employees (age range 16-55 years) assigned scores to each item on a slightly modified version of the LEI scale. The current sample consistently assigned higher weights to events/items than did the original sample, but there was high agreement in terms of item ranking. Some distinct age and gender differences in scoring were apparent, and are discussed further. It was concluded that when separate weightings are employed for age and gender groups, the LEI remains a useful tool for quantifying background levels of stress in both workplace stress audits and epidemiological studies where statistical control for non-occupational sources of stress is required.     

Maxillofacial injuries related to work accidents: a new concept of a hospital-based full electronic occupational trauma surveillance system

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of occupational maxillofacial injuries using a newly installed relational database. Twenty-six injuries were identified out of 28,624 patients admitted to the emergency unit during a 12 month period. Falls from height or being struck by moving objects were common causes of these injuries. Two-thirds of those identified were construction workers. This paper demonstrates the power of modern databases to identify specific occurrences that may provide the basis for prevention in the future.     

Rôles physiologiques des endocannabinoïdes dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique

Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipids which modulate the release of neurotransmitters and activate different signaling pathways, through the binding to cannabinoïd receptors, CB1 and CB2. Endocannabinoids are involved in the control of a variety of behavioural and neuroendocrine functions, including feeding behaviour. In the central nervous system, they essentially modulate the expression of orexigen or anorexigen neuropeptides thus resulting in the stimulation of food intake. Their peripheral targets are mainly the liver and the white adipose tissue where they stimulate lipogenesis, through the modulation of several enzymes and proteins expressions. Cannabinoïd receptor agonists are nowadays prescribed to improve appetite of people suffering from cancer or AIDS. In the same way, CB1 antagonist, such as Rimonabant, could provide efficient treatment of obesity.     

Stress in police officers: a study of the origins,prevalence and severity of stress-related symptoms within a county police force

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress-related illness are causing concern across industry. Against a background of impending legislative moves to try to improve this situation, there is a need to identify key work-related stressors. Police work tends to be regarded as inherently stressful because of the personal risk of exposure to confrontation and violence and the day-to-day involvement in a variety of traumatic incidents. As a result, high levels of stress-related symptoms might be expected in this population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the sources of stress-related symptoms within police officers and measure the prevalence of significant associated mental ill-health. METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a population of 1206 police officers was performed to assess levels of strain associated with a series of potential home and work related stressors. Participants were then split into low and high scoring groups on the basis of a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) threshold score in order to identify those stressors most associated with mental ill-health effects. RESULTS: Occupational stressors ranking most highly within the population were not specific to policing, but to organizational issues such as the demands of work impinging upon home life, lack of consultation and communication, lack of control over workload, inadequate support and excess workload in general. The high scoring group constituted 41% of the population and differed significantly from those with low scores in perception of all stressors, ranking both personal and occupational stressors more highly, and from personality constraints appeared significantly more 'stress-prone'. A significant association between gender and mental ill-health was found, with females more likely to score more highly on the GHQ than males. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous findings of organizational culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree of symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a possible increased susceptibility in female officers.