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1.
禽流感是禽鸟的常见传染病。人流感病毒和禽流感病毒重组与重配一直是造成人季节性流感暴发的新流感病毒株的来源。H5N1、H7N9禽流感病毒突破种间隔离造成人类感染,并显示出一定程度的人-人传播能力,对人类健康构成了严重威胁。综合防控技术措施的落实为疫情控制提供了有效手段。  相似文献   

2.
Influenza A viruses occur worldwide in wild birds and are occasionally associated with outbreaks in commercial chickens and turkeys. However, avian influenza viruses have not been isolated from wild birds or poultry in South America. A recent outbreak in chickens of H7N3 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) occurred in Chile. One month later, after a sudden increase in deaths, H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was isolated. Sequence analysis of all eight genes of the LPAI virus and the HPAI viruses showed minor differences between the viruses except at the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. The LPAI virus had a cleavage site similar to other low pathogenic H7 viruses, but the HPAI isolates had a 30-nucleotide insert. The insertion likely occurred by recombination between the HA and nucleoprotein genes of the LPAI virus, resulting in a virulence shift. Sequence comparison of all eight gene segments showed the Chilean viruses were also distinct from all other avian influenza viruses and represent a distinct South American clade.  相似文献   

3.
目的 分析湖南省2006-2009年4例人感染高致病性禽流感病例感染病毒的可能来源、基因重配情况以及分子特征.方法 鸡胚分离核酸检测H5N1病毒阳性标本,获得高致病性H5N1病毒,对病毒进行全基因组序列测定,采用BLAST和MEGA4.0进行同源性比对、基因进化分析和各基因分子特征分析.结果 4株病毒的基因片段均为禽源,并未发现与人季节性流感病毒之间发生重配,且与当地禽类中分离的病毒高度同源.全基因组进化树分析显示,4株病毒在分支2.3.4中,2株为基因型V、2株为新的基因型.分子特征分析显示,4株病毒的血凝素(HA)分子裂解位点均为PLRERRKR/G,均出现A160T位点突变,神经氨酸酶(NA)分子49~68位均出现20个氨基酸(aa)缺失,非结构蛋白1(NSI)分子80~84位均出现5个aa的缺失.在HA分子大部分位点,4株病毒仍然表现出与禽类受体的亲和性,HN/1/09和HN/2/09出现可能使病毒对α-2,6连接的唾液酸人类受体的亲和性增强的T192I突变.HN/1/08的PB2基因出现增加小鼠致病力的D701N改变.耐药性基因片段分析显示,4株病毒对金刚烷胺和奥司他韦均敏感.结论 2006-2009年湖南省4株人感染高致病性禽流感病毒(H5N1)为禽源,但存在多种基因型,而且发生了部分位点的突变.
Abstract:
Objective To understand the possible origins,genetic re-assortment and molecular characterization of 4 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)viruses isolated from humans in Hunan province,between 2006 and 2009,Methods H5N1 PCR test-positive specimens were inoculated in embryonated eggs while H5N1 virus was isolated and genomes sequenced.Genome homology and genetic molecular characterization were analyzed by BLAST and MEGA 4.0.Results All gene segments of the 4 viruses were avian in origin.No re-assortment was found between avian influenza A(H5N1)viruses and human seasonal influenza viruses.Virnses that isolated from domestic poultry shared high similarity with the 4 human viruses in gene homology.Data from the whole genome phylogenetic analysis showed that the 4 viruses were in clade 2.3.4,while 2 viruses belonged to genotype V,and another 2 were new genotypes.Results from molecular characterization showed that amino acid sequences of HA cleavage site of the 4 viruses were PLRERRKR/G.All 4 viruses had A160T mutation in HA,a 20 amino acid deletion in the neuraminidase(NA)stalk at position 49-68,and a 5 amino acid deletion in the non-structural protein 1(NS1).Most sites in the HA molecules showed that the viruses preferentially bound to avian influenza virus receptor.However,T192I mutation that might enhance the α2,6-linked sialic acid human influenza receptor binding had emerged in HN/1/09 and HN/2/09.D701N mutation of PB2 that increased the virulence in mice was found in HN/1/08.Analysis on drug resistance gene amino acid showed that all 4 viruses were sensitive to amantadine and oseltamivir.Conclusion Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)viruses isolated from humans in Hunan province from 2006 to 2009 were avian in origin,and the 4 viruses belonged to different genotypes.Some mutations that related to virulence and receptor binding positions had emerged in some of the strains.  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析研究H5N6人禽流感病毒基因组序列特征,明确该病毒的分子进化及生物学特性.方法 从GenBank和GISAI中获取人H5N6分离株全序列,通过软件BioEdit7.0.9对各节段基因与其他相关毒株序列进行比对.用软件Mega 5.0,Neighbor-Joining法绘制血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)基因进化树,并全面分析病毒株的基因组序列特征、病毒进化及来源、传染性、致病性和药物敏感等.结果 H5N6病毒的基因组完全属于禽源特征,根据病毒进化及来源可分为两大类.HA基因都属于H5亚型的2.3.4.4进化支,NA基因都来源于H6N6亚型毒株,属于欧亚谱系.其余6段内部基因分别来自于H9N2亚型或H5亚型2.3.2.1进化支毒株.该病毒尚不能在人与人之间有效传播,呈现高致病性病毒特征,对奥斯他韦敏感,但部分毒株对金刚烷胺类药物耐药.结论 H5N6人禽流感分离株并不属于同一毒株,是由H5N1、H5N2、H6N6、H9N2等亚型毒株通过不同组合而重配产生,需加强对这类病毒及其宿主的监控.  相似文献   

5.
Pigs have long been considered potential intermediate hosts in which avian influenza viruses can adapt to humans. To determine whether this potential exists for pigs in Indonesia, we conducted surveillance during 2005–2009. We found that 52 pigs in 4 provinces were infected during 2005–2007 but not 2008–2009. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses had been introduced into the pig population in Indonesia on at least 3 occasions. One isolate had acquired the ability to recognize a human-type receptor. No infected pig had influenza-like symptoms, indicating that influenza A (H5N1) viruses can replicate undetected for prolonged periods, facilitating avian virus adaptation to mammalian hosts. Our data suggest that pigs are at risk for infection during outbreaks of influenza virus A (H5N1) and can serve as intermediate hosts in which this avian virus can adapt to mammals.  相似文献   

6.
To detect the circulation of H7 avian influenza viruses, we characterized H7 viruses found in migratory birds and live poultry markets of South Korea from 2005 to 2014. Phylogenic analysis revealed that while all viruses clustered into the Eurasian-lineage of H7 avian viruses, at least 12 distinct genotypes were represented. Most H7 viruses contained at least one gene segment from the highly-pathogenic A/Sck/Hong Kong/YU100/02(H5N1)-like avian virus, and they could be separated into at least two antigenic groups. Although we did not detect genetically identical strains, HI assay demonstrated close cross-reactivity of some isolates with the H7N9 viruses from China. Animal studies revealed that most of the genotypes could replicate in the lungs of mice and chickens without prior adaptation and some, particularly H7N4 and H7N7 subtypes, induced mortality in mice. These results reinforce growing pandemic concerns regarding recent H7 viruses and emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of avian influenza viruses in the wild.  相似文献   

7.
Most humans lack virus neutralizing (VN) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs), but cross-reactive neuraminidase inhibition (NI) antibodies and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are common. These immune responses result largely from infections with seasonal human H1N1 influenza viruses, but the protective effect of H1N1 infection-immunity against H5N1 infection has never been examined. To this purpose, we have used the pig model of influenza and a low pathogenic (LP) H5N1 AIV. Pigs were inoculated intranasally with sw/Belgium/1/98 (H1N1) 4 weeks before challenge with duck/Minnesota/1525/81 (H5N1). While the viruses failed to cross-react in HI and VN tests, the H1N1 infection induced high levels of H5N1 cross-reactive NI antibodies. Cross-reactive CMI was demonstrated by measurements of lymphoproliferation and IFN-γ secretion after in vitro restimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. All control pigs showed clinical signs and H5N1 virus isolation from the respiratory tract post-challenge. The H1N1-immune pigs, in contrast, showed a complete clinical protection and only 3 pigs out of 10 were H5N1 virus-positive. In a second and smaller experiment, H1N1 virus infection also conferred cross-protection against a LP H5N2 AIV, while cross-reactive immunity was solely detected in tests for CMI. Our data further support the notion that immunity induced by seasonal human H1N1 influenza virus infection may provide some protection against H5N1 or other H5 AIVs in the absence of neutralizing H5 antibodies. Further studies should reveal whether cross-protection holds against H5N1 viruses that are better adapted to replicate in mammals or with a more distantly related N1.  相似文献   

8.
The transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A viruses of the H5N1 subtype from poultry to man and the high case fatality rate fuels the fear for a pandemic outbreak caused by these viruses. However, prior infections with seasonal influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 viruses induce heterosubtypic immunity that could afford a certain degree of protection against infection with the HPAI A/H5N1 viruses, which are distantly related to the human influenza A viruses. To assess the protective efficacy of such heterosubtypic immunity mice were infected with human influenza virus A/Hong Kong/2/68 (H3N2) 4 weeks prior to a lethal infection with HPAI virus A/Indonesia/5/05 (H5N1).  相似文献   

9.
[目的]监测广东省流感流行情况,为预防和控制流行奠定基础。[方法]用9--11 d龄鸡胚和(或)MDCK细胞分离病毒,用常量红细胞凝集抑制法(HI)鉴定;人血清流感抗体检测用微量半加敏HI。[结果]2005年共分离到流感病毒929株,A(H3N2)为优势株;2006年共分离到630株,A(H1N1)为优势株;2006年2月广州市发现首例H5N1人禽流感;一般人群的流感抗体,2005年A(H3N2)阳性率较高(67.1%),2006年A(H1N1)阳性率较高(67.1%),B(Yamagata)仅少数阳性。病毒抗原性分析B/广东/845/05、B/广东/869/05与国家2005年标准株B/Zhejiang/2/01抗原性有明显差别,抗原性漂移尤为显著。[结论]广东全年都有流感病人,并分离到流感病毒,分离率高峰期为4--7月。流感监测对预防流行有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
Influenza (H5N1) viruses in poultry, Russian Federation, 2005-2006   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We studied 7 influenza (H5N1) viruses isolated from poultry in western Siberia and the European part of the Russian Federation during July 2005-February 2006. Full genome sequences showed high homology to Qinghai-like influenza (H5N1) viruses. Phylogenetic analysis not only showed a close genetic relationship between the H5N1 strains isolated from poultry and wild migratory waterfowls but also suggested genetic reassortment among the analyzed isolates. Analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of the M2 and neuraminidase proteins showed that all isolates are potentially sensitive to currently available antiviral drugs. Pathogenicity testing showed that all studied viruses were highly pathogenic in chickens; for 3 isolates tested in mice and 2 tested in ferrets, pathogenicity was heterogeneous. Pathogenicity in mammalian models was generally correlated with Lys at residue 627 of polymerase basic protein 2.  相似文献   

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