SARS患者特异性抗体水平的动态监测

目的探讨SARS患者不同时期体内特异性抗体水平的变化. 方法采用间接ELISA法检测34例早期、恢复期SARS患者,39例治愈后随访者,201例一线医护人员及30例健康体检者血清中SARS病毒IgG和IgM抗体,同时对18例SARS患者及40例医护人员的泪液也做了检测. 结果 IgM抗体的阳性率在疾病早期和恢复期差异无显著性(P>0.05),而IgG抗体的阳性率在恢复期高于早期差异具有非常显著性(P<0.005);12例系列血清IgG抗体含量在恢复组和随访组差异无显著性(P>0.05),而IgM抗体含量在随访组大大降低,差异有显著性(P<0.05);一线医护人员IgG抗体的阳性率为1.99%,健康体检者IgG和IgM抗体均为阴性;SARS早期、恢复期患者及一线医护人员的泪液中均未检出SARS病毒抗体. 结论 SARS病毒IgM抗体在发病3个月后基本阴转,而IgG抗体仍持续高水平阳性,有可能成为保护性抗体;SARS病毒特异性抗体的动态监测可用于流行病学调查和血清学诊断.     

2009年福建省部分健康人群腮腺炎血清抗体水平分析

[目的]了解福建省健康人群流行性腮腺炎基础抗体水平,评价疫苗接种需求。[方法]2009年3月,在福建省沿海和山区各机械随机选取4个县(区)、在当地居住3个月以上的0~63岁健康人群检测流行性腮腺炎IgG抗体。[结果]检测2 092人,腮腺炎病毒IgG抗体阳性率为61.23%,抗体几何平均滴度为103.03 IU/ml。腮腺炎病毒IgG抗体阳性率,沿海地区为61.90%,山区为59.74%(P>0.05);男性为58.85%,女性为63.44%(P<0.05);0岁为22.90%,1岁为26.00%,2岁为56.00%,3岁为60.00%,4岁为71.80%,5~9岁为66.50%,10~14岁为66.70%,15~19岁为81.50%,20~29岁为87.80%,30~63岁为86.20%。不同年龄IgG抗体阳性率与2009年该地区腮腺炎发病率不存在相关关系(r=0.11,P>0.05)。[结论]福建省健康人群流行性腮腺炎抗体水平较低。     

71693份无偿献血者HIV-抗体、HBsAg、HPV B19 IgM/IgG检测及其与ABO血型的相关性研究

目的 分析71 693份无偿献血者HIV-抗体、HBsAg、人细小病毒B19(HPV B19)IgM/IgG检测情况及其与ABO血型的相关性。方法 选取本地区无偿献血血液标本71 693份，检测HIV-抗体、HBsAg及HPV B19 IgM/IgG,以微板法进行ABO血型鉴定。结果 HBsAg总阳性率为0.32%,HIV-抗体总阳性率为0.19%,HPV B19 IgM阳性率为0.98%,HPV B19 IgG阳性率为7.35%;A血型者HIV-抗体阳性率明显低于O血型者(χ²=9.613,P<0.05),A、B、O血型者HBsAg阳性率(0.33%、0.32%、0.35%)明显高于AB血型者(0.14%)(χ²=8.382,P<0.05);男性A、B、O血型者HBsAg阳性率明显高于男性AB血型者(χ²=7.955,P<0.05),logistic回归分析显示，ABO血型属于无偿献血者HBsAg阳性独立影响因素(OR值：4.923,95%CI:1.141～21.246,P<0.05)。结论 无...     

受血者输血前相关检测在医院感染控制中意义的探讨

目的　探讨对受血者输血前相关检测在医院感染控制中的临床意义。方法　对 11677例患者输血前血液进行乙肝表面抗原 (HBs Ag)、艾滋病病毒 (HIV)抗体、丙肝病毒 (HCV)抗体及梅毒血浆反应素快速试验 (RPR)检测分析。结果　HBs Ag阳性率 6.62 %、HIV阳性率 0 .0 2 5 %、HCV阳性率 2 .3 7%、RPR阳性率 0 .12 % ,不同病种群体检出率统计学差异极具显著性 (P<0 .0 0 5 )。结论　输血前受血者病毒标志物检测可为血源性医院感染诊断提供依据 ,减少医疗纠纷 ,对患者、医院及血液中心均有保护意义。     

衣原体及不同病毒感染与冠心病的关系

目的了解肺炎衣原体(Cpn)、巨细胞病毒(HCMV)、甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)感染和冠心病(CHD)之间的关系以及各感染因子之间的相互联系.方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验分别检测冠心病患者90例和对照组90例血清Cpn特异性IgG抗体、血清HCMV特异性IgG抗体和血清HAV特异性IgG抗体.结果病例组中血清Cpn IgG和HCMV IgG抗体阳性率分别为55.6%和71.1%,对照组分别为30.0%和45.6%,有显著性差异;而HAV IgG抗体阳性率在CHD组中为81.1%,对照组为75.6%,无显著性差异.交互作用分析表明,Cpn和CMV感染可协同促进冠心病的发生,其效应指数为5.80.结论Cpn和HCMV感染与冠心病之间有一定的统计学联系,且两种感染因子在冠心病的发病中存在正交互作用,HAV感染与冠心病之间无明显相关性.     

内蒙古自治区2009年健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测分析

目的了解全区健康人群麻疹抗体水平。方法在11个盟市中随机抽查1893名0～25岁健康人,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹IgG抗体。结果检测的1893份血样,麻疹IgG抗体阳性1285份,阳性率为67.88%,阳性率最高为88.00%,最低为53.30%,经x~2检验,地区之间有非常统计学差异。麻疹抗体达到保护水平的有850人,保护率为44.90%,几何平均滴度896,男性阳性率为69.58%,几何平均滴度870;女性阳性率66.33%,几何平均滴度922,经x~2检验,性别间无统计学差异。年龄组间有统计学差异,15～25岁组抗体水平较低,0～2岁组抗体水平最高。结论麻疹抗体水平低的地区,存在麻疹流行和暴发的隐患,要切实做好免疫和强化免疫工作,做好麻疹预防工作。     

广东省农村地区水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染状况及抗体水平调查

目的:了解农村地区健康儿童水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)的自然免疫状况。方法:采集2~13岁儿童血清标本共计418份,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgG抗体。结果:418份血清标本中,水痘-带状疱疹病毒抗体阳性194人,抗体阳性率为46.41%,抗体含量均值为366 m IU/m l。各年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中2岁年龄组的阳性率(12.86%)最低,10~13岁年龄组的阳性率(90.00%)最高。结论:建议农村地区6岁以下儿童应在经济条件许可的情况下接种水痘疫苗。     

2012年江苏省健康儿童水痘-带状疱疹病毒抗体水平监测分析

目的了解江苏省健康儿童水痘—带状疱疹病毒抗体水平,为制定水痘的免疫学策略提供科学依据。方法采取随机抽样的方法抽取泰州市、常州市7岁以下健康儿童200名,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定水痘-带状疱疹病毒免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体,用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果共检测200名健康儿童的血清标本,水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgG抗体总阳性率为64.5%,抗体浓度均值为229.27 mIU/mL。不同年龄段健康儿童脊灰抗体阳性率有差异;有水痘疫苗免疫史的健康儿童的抗体阳性率及抗体平均浓度均明显高于无免疫史的儿童;不同地区健康儿童体内水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgG含量和抗体阳性率无显著性差异。结论接种水痘疫苗可获得较好的免疫保护。建议提高健康儿童水痘疫苗的覆盖率,同时改变水痘疫苗免疫策略,阻止疾病的传播流行。     

陕西省流行性腮腺炎病毒基因及抗体水平分析

目的了解陕西省腮腺炎病毒(mumps virus,MuV)流行株的基因型和人群抗体水平。方法采集腮腺炎病人咽拭子标本分离病毒,针对分离到的MuV小疏水蛋白(small hydro-phobic protein,SH)基因316个核苷酸片段进行逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增,对扩增产物进行序列测定和基因分型;用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定健康人群腮腺炎IgG抗体。结果采集咽拭子标本55份,分离出腮腺炎病毒6株,均为F基因型。腮腺炎抗体阳性率为66.08%。IgG抗体含量和阳性率均为1.5岁组最低,分别为236.88 U/mL和37.04%,以后随年龄增加逐渐升高,性别间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论陕西省腮腺炎流行是由F基因型MuV引起,健康儿童腮腺炎免疫水平偏低。     

江苏省2013年健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测分析

目的了解江苏省健康人群麻疹免疫水平现状,为消除麻疹提供依据。方法选择江苏省13个省辖市监测点的健康人群,分<8月龄、8月龄~、1.5~岁、5~岁、15~岁、25~40岁和流动人口15~岁组等7个年龄组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)定量检测麻疹IgG抗体,计算抗体阳性率、几何平均浓度(GMC)。结果共采集合格标本6 926份,麻疹抗体阳性率为81.85%,GMC为596.44IU/L。麻疹IgG抗体阳性率、GMC均以1.5~<5岁年龄组最高(96.47%,1 544.10IU/L),<8月龄组最低(36.24%,64.74IU/L),不同年龄组人群间麻疹IgG抗体阳性率、GMC差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);IgG抗体阳性率以无锡市最高(94.94%),GMC以连云港市最高(1 294.41IU/L),两者均以扬州市最低(65.50%,154.10IU/L),不同地区人群间IgG抗体阳性率、GMC差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论江苏省健康人群麻疹抗体水平除<8月龄组外均较高,发生大范围麻疹暴发或流行的风险较低。     

广州市水体中诺如病毒检测及分型

目的掌握广州市水体中诺如病毒污染状况。方法 2010年间按月采集广州市内河涌和市场售卖贝类产品的水体用PEG浓缩后,用Realtime PCR检测,阳性标本再进行序列测定。结果除7-10月间的样品为阴性外,其余月份均有阳性检出。测得的11份序列,与国内北京、深圳测得的序列相近。结论广州市水体中存在诺如病毒的污染,且污染的时间分布上与诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发的分布相吻合。GⅡ型诺如病毒是引起广州市诺如病毒暴发和流行的基因型。     

某部新兵常见呼吸道病毒血清IgM抗体的检测

目的了解某部新兵人群中常见呼吸道病毒的感染状况,为新兵人群呼吸道感染性疾病的预防和控制提供依据。方法对目标人群采取整群抽样,采用ELISA诊断试剂盒检测1449名新兵血清中流感病毒A（Flu A）、流感病毒B（Flu B）、副流感病毒1、2、3型（PIV1、2、3）、腺病毒（ADV）和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）共5种病毒IgM抗体。结果检测的5种呼吸道病毒感染在某部新兵人群中均存在,按照病毒感染率高低依次为Flu A（35.6%）、Flu B（28.2%）、PIV（24.8%）、ADV（13.5%）和RSV（6.7%）。不同病毒感染率在不同地区之间存在差异。结论新兵人群对5种呼吸道病毒均易感,以流感病毒感染率最高。     

家庭支持对社区中青年高血压患者药物治疗依从性的效果评价

[目的]评估家庭支持对社区中青年高血压患者药物治疗依从性的效果。[方法]选取上海市黄浦区五里桥社区卫生服务中心所管辖的中青年高血压对象,采用单纯随机抽样方法分为干预组和对照组,干预组实行家庭支持"二化"、"二性"管理,对照组实施社区常规诊治管理。干预1年后,比较干预前后高血压患者的健康行为与血压控制达标情况。[结果]干预1年后,干预组患者的家庭自测血压率由62%提高到83%,服药依从性由82%提高到96%,血压达标率由20%提高到35%,差异均有统计学意义。对照组各项指标变化不大,差异无统计学意义。[结论]家庭支持能够改善中青年高血压患者的药物治疗依从性,促进患者血压控制。     

A Norwalk-like virus outbreak on the Appalachian Trail

In May and June 1999, an outbreak of acute gastrointestinal illness occurred among long-distance hikers on the Appalachian Trail between Catawba and Troutville, Virginia. An investigation found that 45 out of 70 hikers had become ill within two days of arriving in Catawba, Virginia. Water samples were collected from a general store frequented by the hikers and from several nearby buildings and a popular all-you-can-eat restaurant. Symptoms were consistent with those caused by Norwalk-like viruses, and laboratory diagnosis detected Norwalk-like viruses in stool and serum specimens. People who consumed food items prepared at the general store were almost twice as likely to become ill as persons who did not consume those foods. Environmental sampling of water from the taps inside and outside the general store and from several surrounding establishments in Catawba found contamination by fecal coliform bacteria but not by Norwalk-like virus. Since several hikers reported illness prior to arriving at Catawba, person-to-person transmission of a highly contagious agent such as Norwalk-like virus could not be ruled out. Poor sanitation, scarce water supplies, and crowding can increase the risk of gastrointestinal illness among long-distance hikers.     

Rh血型系统不规则抗体与新生儿溶血病的相关性

[目的]了解不规则抗体在孕产妇中的分布情况，分析Rh系统不规则抗体与新生儿溶血病（HDN）的相关性。[方法]检测785例孕妇血清不规则抗体，对Rh不规则抗体阳性者检测夫妇及婴儿血型和母婴血清中特异性抗体、免疫球蛋白类型、效价，并于分娩时取脐血或婴儿血作HDN检测。[结果]785例孕妇血清中检出特异性不规则抗体7例，占0．89％。Rh系统6例，其中5例孕妇的婴儿红细胞被来自母体的不规则抗体致敏而发生HDN．Rh系统特异性抗体有抗-cE、抗-E、抗-c、抗-D、抗-Ce，抗-E多见，Kidd血型系统的抗-JKb1例。不规则抗体集中在Rh系统，占85．7％。[结论]Rh系统的抗体易导致HDN，检测孕妇血型不规则抗体对早期诊断和预防非ABO—HDN具有十分重要的临床意义。     

小儿急性呼吸道感染中常见呼吸道病毒的检测情况分析

目的分析急性呼吸道感染患儿中常见呼吸道病毒的检测情况,为防治小儿急性呼吸道感染提供参考。方法收集2019年6—9月我院收治的330例急性呼吸道感染患儿血样并采用ELISA法对血清副流感病毒(parainfluenza virus,PIV)、腺病毒(adenovirus,ADV)和呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)抗体进行检测,对上述各种病毒在不同病种、性别、年龄等患儿中的分布特征进行比较分析。结果330份血样中,三种常见呼吸道病毒抗体总检出212份,总检出率为64.2%;其中PIV-1型抗体检出50份(占15.2%,未检出其他型PIV抗体)、ADV抗体检出44份(13.3%)、RSV抗体检出118份(35.7%)。330例患儿中,急性下呼吸道感染者3类呼吸道病毒抗体检出率均高于急性上呼吸道感染患儿(P<0.05);女性患儿3类呼吸道病毒抗体总检出率高于男性患儿(P<0.05);年龄<3岁患儿血清病毒抗体总检出率、RSV抗体检出率高于年龄≥3岁患儿(P<0.05)。结论本地区小儿急性呼吸道感染病例中,PIV感染以1型为主,3岁以下幼儿易感染RSV,下呼吸道感染患儿常见呼吸道病毒检出率高于上呼吸道感染患儿。     

An epidemiological investigation of Norwalk virus infection in South Africa.

A study was carried out to determine the incidence and seroprevalence of Norwalk virus (NV) in the Pretoria area, South Africa, using a recombinant NV (rNV) immunoassay for the detection of serum IgG antibodies. Maternal antibody was detectable in infants'' sera up to approximately 6 months of age. Infection with NV was detected serologically in the second year of life and the seroprevalence of NV IgG rose from 37.1% at 7-11 months of age to 62.1% by the age of 40 years. No significant differences in seroprevalence of NV IgG antibody was evident between subjects of European or African ethnic origin, where overall seroprevalence rates were 56.4% and 53.9% respectively.     

Steaming oysters does not prevent Norwalk-like gastroenteritis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether steaming oysters prevents gastroenteritis caused by small round structured (Norwalk-like) viruses and to identify risk factors for illness. METHODS: The authors interviewed all 48 people who ate oysters at two church suppers that were followed by outbreaks of gastroenteritis from a Norwalk-like virus. Data were collected on demographics, clinical illness, number of oysters eaten, and the extent to which they were cooked. RESULTS: Among the 48 persons, the attack rate was 56%. The risk of illness increased with the number of oysters eaten (chi-square for trend = 5.7, P = 0.02). There was no decrease in attack rates among persons who ate oysters that were better done (chi-square for trend = 1.1, P = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: In these outbreaks, the risk of illness increased with the number of oysters eaten. Steaming oysters did not appear to prevent illness, suggesting that steaming may not be adequate to inactivate small round structured viruses. Public health messages that have emphasized the role of raw shellfish in the transmission of enteric viruses should be altered to increase the public''s awareness that eating steamed oysters may also pose health risks.     

Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses among British military personnel--Afghanistan,May 2002

In the United States, Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) cause an estimated 23 million episodes of illness, 50,000 hospitalizations, and 300 deaths each year. NLVs can be transmitted by fecally contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact or through droplets of infected persons. Outbreaks of NLV-associated gastrointestinal illness are common in military settings. During May 13-19, 2002, a total of 29 British soldiers and staff of a field hospital in Afghanistan became acutely ill after a short incubation period with vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. This report summarizes the investigation of this outbreak and underscores the importance of the diagnostic capacity for NLVs.     

The frequency of a Norwalk-like pattern of illness in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis.

Records of 642 outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis were reviewed to determine the proportion of outbreaks that were clinically and epidemiologically consistent with Norwalk-like virus infection. Using as our criteria stool cultures negative for bacterial pathogens, mean (or median) duration of illness 12-60 hours, vomiting in greater than or equal to 50 per cent of cases, and, if known, mean (or median) incubation period of 24-48 hours, we found that 23 per cent of waterborne outbreaks, 4 per cent of foodborne outbreaks, and 67 per cent, 60 per cent, and 28 per cent of outbreaks in nursing homes, in summer camps, and on cruise ships, respectively, satisfied the criteria for Norwalk-like pattern. Of 54 outbreaks that satisfied the criteria for Norwalk-like pattern, 14 were investigated for virus etiology. Ten of these (71 per cent) yielded serologic evidence of Norwalk-like virus infection. Norwalk-like viruses are probably an important cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Investigation for Norwalk virus antibody in outbreaks that are clinically and epidemiologically consistent with Norwalk-like virus infection is likely to yield diagnostically useful results.