一起幼儿园手足口病聚集性疫情调查及处置分析

目的：通过对某幼儿园手足口病聚集性疫情调查及处置分析,为有效防控手足口病提供科学参考。方法对深圳市某幼儿园手足口病聚集性疫情进行现场调查,采用描述性流行病学方法对结果进行分析并及时采取相关防控措施。结果该起疫情历时14天,共出现9例手足口病例,罹患率为17.31%。临床症状以口腔疱疹、手掌疱疹为主,个别患病学生有发热症状,无重症患者。采取消毒、隔离等综合控制措施后疫情很快被扑灭。结论此起疫情系由肠道病毒EV71感染引起,在园幼儿间相互密切接触造成传播,提示今后应采取综合措施防控幼儿园手足口病疫情。     

东莞市一起中学手足口病聚集性疫情调查

目的通过调查东莞市某初中一起手足口病聚集性疫情,了解该起疫情的流行病学特征,寻找疫情发生的危险因素。方法按照病例定义开展病例搜索,使用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果该起疫情历时3天,共出现6例手足口病病例,其中4例为实验室确诊病例(CoxA16), 2例为疑似病例。病例临床症状以手、足、口腔疱疹为主,无发热症状,无重症患者。结论此起疫情因住校学生密切接触造成传播,学校应加强对学生进行手足口病防治健康教育,指导学生正确洗手并提供相应洗手用品。     

1起幼儿园聚集性手足口病疫情流行病学调查

目的通过对某幼儿园手足口病聚集性疫情的调查分析,为有效防控手足口病提供参考。方法对上海某幼儿园手足口病聚集性疫情进行现场调查处置,并对结果采用描述流行病学作分析。结果该起疫情历时5天,共出现3例手足口病病例,罹患率为8．33％。其中两例重症手足口病病例实验室检测出EV71型肠道病毒。结论加强农民工子女民办三级幼儿园及看护点的管理;及时处置疫情,全力落实防控措施。     

2011年密云县手足口病聚集性疫情分析

目的 了解北京市密云县手足口病聚集性病例及暴发疫情流行特征,为密云县手足口病的防控提供参考.方法 现场调查密云县2011年手足口病聚集性病例及暴发疫情(聚集性疫情)基本情况,应用描述流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2011年密云县报告24起手足口病聚集性疫情,其中家庭聚集2起,托幼机构18起,学校4起.城区及城郊结合部共报告22起,山区报告2起.聚集性疫情自4月起每月均有报告.结论 密云县2011年手足口病聚集性疫情具有明显的地区和人群差异,应加强城区及城郊结合部托幼机构手足口病的防控工作,从根本上减少聚集性疫情的发生.     

都匀市某幼儿园一起聚集性手足口病疫情调查

目的:通过某幼儿园聚集性手足口病疫情的调查,为探讨手足口病疫情的防控提供参考。方法:应用描述性流行病学分析方法对都匀市某幼儿园一起聚集性手足口病疫情开展现场调查。结果:由于市疾控中心处置及时,使得疫情得到有效控制,根据现场流行病学资料、患者临床特点及实验室检测结果,判定为一般聚集性手足口病疫情。结论:有关部门应加大对托幼机构的管理,加强对群众的健康教育,这对手足口病疫情的防控有着重要意义。     

一起小学疱疹性咽峡炎和手足口病暴发疫情调查分析

目的分析云阳县某小学一起疱疹性咽峡炎和手足口病暴发疫情的流行病学特征,探讨危险因素,为有效防控手足口病提供科学依据。方法利用描述性流行病学方法分析该起疫情的流行病学特征,采用病例对照研究方法探讨危险因素。结果该起疫情发病30例,罹患率为7.25%,男女性别比为1.31∶1,临床表现主要为口腔疱疹和溃疡。一至六年级均有发病,一年级病例最多(占46.67%)。首发病例被诊断为疱疹性咽峡炎,未隔离;病原体是肠道病毒CV-A16。与病例同家庭(OR=29.5,95%CI=3.56-245.10)、同玩耍(OR=3.25,95%CI=1.07-9.84),洗手习惯差(OR=3.33,95%CI=1.23-9.04)会增加发病的风险。结论小学应重视疱疹性咽峡炎和手足口病防控,在流行季节应加强监测,晨午检时不能忽视口腔疱疹和溃疡症状。同时应加强健康教育,及时采取综合性的联防联控措施有效控制疫情。未及时发现、隔离病例是引起此次暴发疫情的主要原因。     

2012年天津市北辰区手足口病聚集性病例疫情分析

目的了解天津市北辰区手足口病聚集性病例流行特征,为有效防控手足口病提供参考。方法现场调查天津市北辰区2012年手足口病聚集性病例基本情况,应用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2012年天津市北辰区报告手足口病聚集性病例14起,托幼机构9起,家庭5起,共涉及患儿47例,男童29例,女童18例,3岁以下儿童占68.09%;托幼机构流动儿童与常住儿童之间发病率无显著性差别。病原学分析显示,随机采集其中21例病例的粪便检测,其中9例为EV71型病毒阳性,5例为CoxA16型病毒阳性,4例EV阳性,2例EV与CoxA16型病毒混合感染,1例阴性,阳性率为95.24%。临床症状以手、足、口腔疱疹为主,部分患病幼儿有发热症状,无重症患者。聚集性病例除1、8、10、11、12月份外,其他月份均有报告。结论多部门参与,综合防控手段与宣传教育并重,提高居民手足口病防控知识知晓率,托幼机构加强晨检、消毒等工作,疾控机构加强日常疫情监测,及时发现及处置聚集性疫情,是预防和控制聚集性手足口病疫情流行的有效措施。     

2016年上海市某社区手足口病聚集性疫情流行特征分析

目的 了解上海市朱泾社区2016年手足口病聚集性疫情的发生特征,为更好的开展社区手足口病防控工作提供依据.方法 采用Excel 2007、SPSS 17.0等数据统计软件对2016年上海市朱泾社区手足口病聚集性疫情进行描述性流行病学分析.结果 2016年上海市朱泾社区共报告手足口病聚集性疫情25起,其中5—6月发生15起,占60.00%,共报告病例70例,男性39例,女性31例,男女性别比为1.26:1,以3~5岁幼儿发病居多,占病例总数的87.14%,发生在托幼机构共20起,占80.00%.疫情规模以2例/起为主,共18起,占72.00%.发生重症病例1例,占总发病数的1.43%,无死亡病例.病原学以EV71为主要流行株.结论 应进一步完善社区手足口病防控体系,6岁以下儿童及托幼机构是防控工作的重点.     

2014年贵州省手足口病家庭聚集性疫情流行病学特征

目的了解贵州省手足口病家庭聚集性疫情流行特征,为贵州省手足口病防控提供参考。方法对贵州省2014年手足口病家庭聚集性疫情资料采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果贵州省2014年9个市/州共报告手足口病家庭聚集性疫情1 051起,发病2 137例。家庭聚集性疫情病例发生率为4.20%,农村高于城市,以散居儿童发病(80.07%)为主。单一感染以肠道通用病毒(EV)为主(160例,占42.22%),其次为柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CoxA16)(107例,占28.23%),混合感染以CoxA16+EV最多(34例,占8.97%),重症29例。结论农村散居儿童是贵州省手足口病家庭聚集性疫情防控的重点。     

一起托幼机构手足口病暴发疫情流行病学调查

目的通过对某幼儿园手足口病暴发疫情调查分析,为有效防控手足口病疫情提供科学依据。方法对北京市西城区某幼儿园手足口病暴发疫情进行现场调查,并对结果进行描述性流行病学分析。结果该起疫情历时8天,共涉及14例手足口病病例,均为托二班儿童,该班罹患率为63.6%,引起本起暴发疫情的病原体为柯萨奇A16。结论应采取综合措施加强幼儿园手足口病的预防与控制。     

寄宿制小学儿童感觉统合及行为问题分析

目的：分析寄宿制小学儿童感觉综合失调及行为问题发生情况，方法：用感觉统合评定量表及Autter儿童行为问卷对贵阳市789名学龄儿童进行调查评定，其中寄宿制小学儿童294名，普通小学儿童495名。结果：寄宿制小学儿童轻、重度感觉统合失调率25．17％和9．86％，高于普通小学儿童的23．84％和7．68％，尤其是寄宿制小学儿童的学习能力发展不足轻度失调率明显高于普通小学儿童（P＜0．05），在行为问题调查中，寄宿制小学儿童的行为问题检出率27．55％，明显高于普通小学儿童的17．37％（P＜0．01），寄宿制小学儿童的A行为与N行为问题检出率均高于普通小学儿童，M行为问题检出率则明显低于普通小学儿童，两种学校存在行为问题儿童的感觉统合失调率均高于无行为问题儿童，结论：寄宿制小学儿童感觉统合失调及行为问题检出情况均比普通小学儿童严重。     

全日制小学生六年营养干预的效果观察

目的:在全日制寄宿学校的条件下,对小学生作长期的连续纵向的生活与营养干预,观察对生长发育的影响,为幼年儿童合理饮食模式尽可能作探索的实践。方法:自1995年开始,对在校中小学生,实施所有摄入的食品进行全年逐日全程营养干预。本文仅以从2000年至2005年干预时间满6年的小学161名1～6年级7~12岁学生连续观察的效果,作为分析样本,用身高、体重、血色素等作为基本指标作评价。结果与结论:提示“中国居民膳食指南”对于广东地区小学生是可行的,对学生进行生活模式与膳食干预是必要的,本研究也对存在的向题作了讨论。     

上海市闵行区中小学呕吐腹泻因病缺课监测分析

目的 分析因病缺课监测系统呕吐腹泻症状缺课数据,了解呕吐腹泻症状在上海市闵行区中小学因病缺课中的流行特征,为做好校内聚集性呕吐腹泻疫情防控提供依据。方法 利用新版《上海因病缺课缺勤直报系统》收集2018学年第二学期上海市闵行区中小学呕吐腹泻症状因病缺课监测数据,通过描述性分析了解呕吐腹泻症状缺课的流行特征和聚集性疫情苗子特点。结果 2018学年第二学期在闵行区的161所学校共监测85 d,因呕吐腹泻症状缺课3 599人天数,缺课率为0.27‰。3月份呕吐腹泻症状缺课率最高,为0.35‰,与其他月份间差异有统计学意义(χ²=1 181.840,P=0.000);不同学段学生呕吐腹泻症状缺课率差异有统计学意义(χ²=313.468,P=0.000),表现为小学最高(0.34‰)。小学中一年级缺课率最高(0.44‰),不同年级间差异有统计学意义(χ²=105.827,P=0.000)。聚集性苗子事件时间分布与缺课率分布一致,但地区分布不同,苗子事件中48.75%的病例是3 d后复课。结论 呕吐腹泻症状是中小学生常见缺课原因,缺课率较高,无法识别聚集性疫情的首例病例,校园聚集性疫情的防控重点在于及时报告和呕吐物的规范处置。     

成都市2所小学学生家长手足口病知识及态度调查

目的了解成都市某2所小学生家长对手足口病的相关知识掌握、对待该病的态度现状,为今后更好地开展手足口病的预防工作提供相应的依据。方法通过对随机抽取的成都市2所小学生家长进行抽样调查,采用自填式问卷,对家长关于手足口病的知识、态度进行调查。结果手足口病知识的平均得分为41.79分。子女是儿子的父亲的亲子风险得分为1.31±0.80、临近风险得分为0.98±0.80和自我风险得分为1.68±1.02,子女是女儿的父亲的亲子风险得分为1.19±0.98、临近风险得分为0.98±0.93和自我风险得分为1.67±0.99,无论子女是儿子还是女儿,父亲和母亲的3种风险意识得分差异均无统计学意义。93.75%的父母认为媒体关于手足口病的报道中肯,92.23%的父母认为报道可信,96.23%的父母认为报道有教育意义。结论家长对手足口病知识得分较低,不存在社会性别歧视,对媒体报道较为认可。     

Current action for skin cancer risk reduction in English schools: pupils' behaviour in relation to sunburn

In a random sample of schools distributed throughout all areas of England, 2703 primary school pupils from 46 schools and 2692 secondary school pupils from 32 schools were surveyed regarding behaviour in the sun, and opinions and experience of sunburn. Seventy percent (1879) of primary and 36.5% (982) of secondary pupils recalled hearing about protecting themselves from the sun at school. Primary school pupils who recalled they were told to 'stay in the shade' were more likely say they did so; 27.3% (739) of primary and 20.7% (556) of secondary school pupils reported getting sunburnt; and 53.2% (393/739) primary school pupils and 52.5% (292/556) secondary school pupils reporting sunburn said their sunburn peeled. The most common time both primary and secondary pupils said they got sunburnt at school was at lunchtime (mid-day break); the next most common time was during sports day. Pupils saying they did not protect their skin because they wanted a tan were more likely to report sunburn (41.7% primary and 29.5% secondary) than those giving other reasons. Primary school pupils who said they used sun screen frequently (285/847) were more likely than 'never users' (178/813) to report sunburn, as were secondary school pupils (53/192 and 264/1565 for frequent and 'never users', respectively). Dark- and light-skinned pupils at primary school (27.3 and 27.4%, respectively) were equally likely to say they had been sunburnt. At secondary school, only 10.6% of dark-skinned compared with 22.3% of light-skinned pupils reported sunburn. The last two findings might be related to cultural behaviours and are discussed later. Pupils of all ages need encouragement to protect their skin at mid-day break, to use sunscreens correctly and be aware of alternative sun-protection methods. Education is needed which challenges the notion that a 'tan is beautiful' and uses social teaching methods to empower pupils to carry out sun protection in real life.     

2009年绍兴市手足口病流行病学分析

目的：分析2009年绍兴市手足口病疫情特征,为科学防治提供依据。方法：对《国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统》报告的病例进行分析,采用细胞分离结合逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）鉴定肠道病毒。结果：2009年绍兴市共报告手足口病4 710例,报告发病率98.5/10万。全年均有发病,5～6月出现发病高峰。4 710例病例中,男性发病2 918例,占发病总数的61.9%;年龄最小2月龄,最大42岁,中位数年龄为3岁,4岁以下儿童占85.9%（4 048/4 710）。78例实验室确诊病例中,EV71感染占12.8%（10/78）,Cox A16感染占57.7%（45/78）。结论：2009年绍兴市手足口病以Cox A16感染为主,发病高峰在5～6月份。     

上海市2009年托幼机构手足口病聚集性病例流行病学分析

目的了解上海市2009年托幼机构手足口病暴发的流行特点,为预防托幼机构内手足口病的流行提供科学依据。方法收集上海市2009年托幼机构内手足口病报告数据与资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2009年上海市托幼机构手足口病聚集发病672起,发病人数2 993例。托儿所和私立幼儿园的聚集发病情况明显高于其他托幼机构;部分区(县)聚集性病例发病率较高;当托幼机构内发生手足口病病例时,幼儿年龄越小越易发生聚集性病例;聚集发病高峰出现在6月和11月。结论托幼机构是手足口病防控的重点场所,托幼机构内幼儿是手足口病防控的重点人群。     

Concurrent outbreaks of influenza and parvovirus B19 in a boys' boarding school

In the spring term of 1985 there was a protracted outbreak of upper respiratory tract febrile illness consistent with a clinical diagnosis of influenza in a boys' boarding school, which lasted from 23 January to 29 March. Although influenza virus infection was confirmed in 89% of cases in the first half of the term, 53% of the cases which occurred in the second half of the term had no evidence of infection with influenza virus. Between 5 February and 31 March 28 boys presented with skin rashes consistent with a clinical diagnosis of erythema infectiosum; 68% of these were associated with parvovirus B19. Investigation of the cases of clinical influenza with no identified respiratory pathogen revealed a 58% infection rate with B19. B19 DNA was identified in either throat swabs or acute stage bloods of nine pupils with influenza-like symptoms. Cohort studies revealed that 44% of pupils aged 15-16 years were immune before the outbreak compared with only 17% of pupils aged 11-12 years. Infection in the younger group was common and was associated with influenza-like illnesses as well as rashes. Forty-eight per cent of those who did not report any symptoms were also infected with B19.     

Microepidemics of tuberculosis in schools. How should we select contacts?

BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of microepidemics of tuberculosis indicate the existence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission. We describe a microepidemic in a school in which an index case with low infective capacity gave rise to a high percentage of tuberculosis infection and disease in the center. METHODS: Contact investigation was performed in 423 pupils of a school after a recently arrived teacher with few symptoms was diagnosed with tuberculosis. A cross-sectional study was carried out to calculate the prevalence of tuberculosis infection and disease in the school center. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of positive results in the first tuberculosis skin test for primary and secondary students, with more positive results in secondary school pupils (18.4%) than in primary school pupils (6.1%). The incidence of skin tuberculosis test converters was 5.7%. The prevalence of infection by educational level was 10% in primary education and 23.4% in secondary education. The risk of infection in secondary school pupils was more than twice that in primary school pupils (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.5-3.5). There were 6 new cases of tuberculosis in pupils. CONCLUSION: The high percentage of conversions in the second tuberculosis skin test indicated the existence of transmission in the school. The results of this study support contact investigation in schools where there is exposure to a case of tuberculosis, whether highly infective or nort.     

Effect of student knowledge in gastronomy schools and origin of residence on their nutritional habits and nutritional status]

Nutritional habits and nutritional status of 142 pupils of a Gastronomic School Complex were examined from the standpoint of the year of school, school marks and place of residence. It was found that the year of school and place of residence exerted an effect on the nutritional habits of pupils. These young people failed to prefer dishes and food products recommended in the prophylaxis of civilization diseases. In all subjects the levels of total lipids and beta-lipoproteins exceeded the upper range of the norm. Hemoglobin concentration fluctuated within the lower range of the norm, and that of glucose--within the upper range of the norm. When completing school, the pupils displayed a lowered protein level and elevated glucose level. Pupils inhabiting the school boarding house ought to take part in the decisions on the menu and on food purchases. Recommendations concerning nutrition in the prophylaxis of civilization diseases ought to be as soon as possible introduced into the teaching program of the Gastronomic School Complex.