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1.
高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)对控制HIV-1进展效果显著,但病毒潜伏库的存在导致病毒无法完全清除.HIV-1感染后,潜伏库建立早,半衰期长,长期处于静息状态,是根治HIV-1感染的主要障碍之一.目前清除病毒潜伏库的方法有潜伏感染激活剂、免疫治疗和基因治疗等.此文主要讨论了HIV-1潜伏感染激活剂相关内容.  相似文献   

2.
HIV-1病毒储存库的特征及检测方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
HIV-1在未治疗的艾滋病患者体内,虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏.由于病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注.此文对体外研究HIV-1潜伏库的实验方法 进展进行综述.  相似文献   

3.
HIV-1在未治疗的艾滋病患者体内,虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏.由于病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注.此文对体外研究HIV-1潜伏库的实验方法 进展进行综述.  相似文献   

4.
HIV-1在未治疗的艾滋病患者体内,虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏.由于病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注.此文对体外研究HIV-1潜伏库的实验方法 进展进行综述.  相似文献   

5.
HIV-1在未治疗的艾滋病患者体内,虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏.由于病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注.此文对体外研究HIV-1潜伏库的实验方法 进展进行综述.  相似文献   

6.
HIV-1在未治疗的艾滋病患者体内,虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏.由于病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注.此文对体外研究HIV-1潜伏库的实验方法 进展进行综述.  相似文献   

7.
HIV-1在未治疗的艾滋病患者体内,虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏.由于病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注.此文对体外研究HIV-1潜伏库的实验方法 进展进行综述.  相似文献   

8.
HIV-1在未治疗的艾滋病患者体内,虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏.由于病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注.此文对体外研究HIV-1潜伏库的实验方法 进展进行综述.  相似文献   

9.
HIV-1在未治疗的艾滋病患者体内,虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏.由于病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注.此文对体外研究HIV-1潜伏库的实验方法 进展进行综述.  相似文献   

10.
HIV-1在未治疗的艾滋病患者体内,虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏.由于病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注.此文对体外研究HIV-1潜伏库的实验方法 进展进行综述.  相似文献   

11.
《Vaccine》2018,36(5):716-722
Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) has been successfully used as live vaccine against Marek's disease (MD) worldwide for more than 40 years either alone or in combination with other serotypes. HVT is also widely used as a vector platform for generation of recombinant vaccines against a number of avian diseases such as infectious bursal disease (IBD), Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) using conventional recombination methods or recombineering tools on cloned viral genomes. In the present study, we describe the application of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing as a rapid and efficient method of generating HVT recombinants expressing VP2 protein of IBDV. This approach offers an efficient method to introduce other viral antigens into the HVT genome for rapid development of recombinant vaccines.  相似文献   

12.
近年来,CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术经过不断完善和改造,正逐步取代锌指核酸酶(ZFN)技术和转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶(TALEN)技术,成为具有广阔应用前景的第三代基因编辑技术。CRISPR/Cas9技术目前已广泛应用于细胞的基因编辑和基因调节、基因敲除动物模型的构建、人类疾病动物模型的治疗研究等领域。此外,已有相关实验证实该技术能够在人类胚胎中发挥基因编辑的作用,并且国内外已有2项CRISPR/Cas9临床试验正在开展,未来应用于临床靶向治疗前景广阔。现就CRISPR/Cas9系统的基本结构、作用原理及其应用的最新研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

13.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are present in the genome of 40% bacteria and 90% archaea. CRISPR and accompanying Cas proteins constitute an adaptive immune system against disruptive mobile genetic elements. Two CRISPRs and 9 genes encoding CRISPR-associated proteins have been found in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The CRISPR-associated Cas2 is an endoribonuclease required for the acquisition of new spacers. In this study, Cas2 encoded by Rv2816c was expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis lacking CRISPR-Cas system and its role in stress responses of M. smegmatis in vitro and within macrophages was studied. We found that Cas2 mediated M. smegmatis stress response changes were associated with the altered expression of sigma factors which involved in mycobacterial stress response and virulence. We also found that Cas2 decreased the survival of M. smegmatis within macrophages. This study provides new insights on the role of Cas2.  相似文献   

14.
In the course of a lifetime a decrease of the immunofunction occurs in adults, in particular of the adaptive immune system.Therefore, respiratory virus infections are usually mild and uncomplicated in young healthy people while elderly and frail adults more frequently develop serious diseases of the lower respiratory tract.Even “harmless” agents such as rhino- or coronaviruses frequently induce acute disorders or exacerbations in people with chronic cardiopulmonary diseases or asthma.For rapid diagnosis, detection of the viral antigen, viral genome, and infectivity by shell vial culture are suitable because the humoral immune response is delayed.Primarily, a nasopharyngeal sample should be used and in addition a specific local sample depending on the symptoms. The sensitivity of antigen assays is rather low. A combination of PCR and detection of infectivity increase the detection rate.Among the main respiratory viruses only influenza is preventable by vaccination.The annual revaccination of the elderly and patients with risk factors such as chronic cardiopulmonary diseases is important.Improved vaccines can enhance the immunoreaction.For therapy and prophylaxis against influenza A amantadine may be used.The neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir represent potent drugs for antiviral therapy against influenza virus A and B infection. Pleconaril, a capsid function inhibitor with effective antiviral activity against rhinovirus infection, awaits approval.  相似文献   

15.
16.
目的 探讨基于成簇规律间隔的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)1上游侧翼序列对大肠埃希菌和志贺菌鉴定和评价效果。方法 通过BLAST重复序列识别并获得全基因组测序大肠埃希菌和志贺菌的CRISPRs和CRISPR相关基因(CRISPR-associated,cas),并分析其种系;选取CRISPRs上、下游各500 bp侧翼序列,使用Clustal X进行序列比对;采用PCR方法扩增CRISPR1上游侧翼序列,以确定其对大肠埃希菌和志贺菌鉴定和评价效果。结果 73.4%(149/203)的大肠埃希菌存在I-E型CRISPR/Cas系统,包含了A、B1、D种系;8.4%(17/203)的大肠埃希菌存在I-F型CRISPR/Cas、17.2%(35/203)的大肠埃希菌不存在CRISPR/Cas,这2种大肠埃希菌均属于B2种系;9株志贺菌均存在I-E型CRISPR/Cas。在大肠埃希菌(B2种系外)、志贺菌CRISPR1上游和大肠埃希菌(B2种系)各存在61 bp侧翼序列,序列一致性为99%,且有种属特异性,PCR扩增此区域鉴定大肠埃希菌和志贺菌的灵敏度和特异度均>91%。结论 基于CRISPR1上游序列可用来鉴定大肠埃希菌和志贺菌,且具有很好的效果。  相似文献   

17.
El-Gogo S  Staib C  Meyr M  Erfle V  Sutter G  Adler H 《Vaccine》2007,25(20):3934-3945
Efficient vaccines against AIDS, Hepatitis C and other persistent virus infections are urgently needed. Vaccine development has been especially hampered by the lack of suitable small animal models to reliably test the protective capacity of candidate vaccines against such chronic viral infections. A natural mouse pathogen such as MHV-68 that persists lifelong after infection, appears to be a particularly promising candidate for a more relevant model system. Here, we investigated infections with recombinant MHV-68 as novel mouse challenge model to test the efficacy of heterologous vaccines based on recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). To apply ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, we constructed the recombinant virus MHV-68-OVA by BAC technology and characterized genetic stability and replicative capacity of the virus in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated the ability of MHV-68-OVA to produce ovalbumin upon tissue culture infection. Moreover, the use of MHV-68-OVA-infected target cells allowed for efficient ex vivo amplification of OVA-specific, MHC class I-restricted CD8 T cells derived from MVA-OVA-vaccinated C57BL/6 mice. Finally, we immunized C57BL/6 mice with MVA-OVA and challenged the animals with MHV-68-OVA testing different time points and routes of infection. Vaccinated mice were infected with MHV-68-OVA but showed reduced viral loads in the acute and latent phase of challenge infection. These data strongly suggest the usefulness of the MHV-68 challenge model for further evaluation of recombinant vaccines against persisting virus infections.  相似文献   

18.
Identification of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of viral diseases represents an area of active investigation. In an effort to develop new antiviral compounds, a series of 1-indanone thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized. These derivatives were structurally characterized using several spectroscopic techniques and evaluated against bovine viral diarrhoea virus as a surrogate model for hepatitis C virus. Thiosemicarbazone 2m showed potent anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus activity with a higher selectivity index (SI=80.29) than that of ribavirin (SI=11.64). This result determines the potentiality of these thiosemicarbazones as antiviral agents for the treatment of infections caused by other highly related members of Flaviviridae family, as hepatitis C virus.  相似文献   

19.
T cells play a central role in the control of and the protection against viral infections. The T cell population consists ofa diversity ofvirus-specific memory T cells. The characteristics of these T cells seem to depend largely on the type of virus for which they are specific. T cells directed against latent viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, are cytotoxic cells. T cells directed against viruses that after the initial infection are completely removed by the immune system, such as the influenza virus, are non-cytotoxic cells. The development of new immunological techniques, such as the detection of virus-specific cells with HLA-peptide tetrameric complexes, enables the characterization of the properties of virus-specific T cells in the blood and organs.  相似文献   

20.
《Vaccine》2019,37(22):2952-2959
CD8+ T cells are known to control infections, but their role in preventing latent infection from establishing has not been thoroughly investigated.We hypothesized that a potent CD8+ T cell response patrolling the mucosal viral entry points could kill the first infected cells and thereby abrogate the infection before latency is established.To investigate this, replication deficient adenovirus serotype 5 vectors encoding murine γ-herpesvirus-68 CD8+ T cell epitopes linked to the T cell adjuvant Invariant chain, were developed. We show that intranasal vaccination of mice reduces the risk of establishment of latent infection from multiple intranasal ID50 challenges with murine γ-herpesvirus-68 by 81% per exposure at 14 days post vaccination. Protection waned over time, but immune responses were extended by heterologous prime-boost vaccination applied simultaneously intramuscularly and intranasally, and animals vaccinated 66 days prior to challenge showed a strong trend of long-term protection.Our data provides evidence that CD8+ T cells are able to protect against establishment of latent infection. Although the protective efficacy is difficult to maintain over time, this proof-of-concept study suggests a role for a CD8+ T cell arm in future vaccine strategies against latent human viral infections caused by pathogens such as HIV and multiple herpes virus.  相似文献   

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