顺应医保支付方式改革的探索与实践

以总额预付制为主的综合医保支付方式的实施,对医院医保管理提出了更高的要求,苏州大学附属第二医院通过制度保障、转变管理理念,精细化费用管理、规范医师的医疗行为、控制医院成本等系列措施来控制医疗费用的不合理增长,同时也减轻患者的经济负担.     

实现医保支付方式改革 助力医疗医保联动发展

基本医疗保险支付方式不仅是医保支付制度的核心组成部分,同时对医疗服务体系优化具有杠杆调节作用。深圳市罗湖区探索落实医保与医疗联动机制,以医保支付方式改革促进医疗服务供给侧改革,通过"总额管理、结余留用"的支付方式改革,转变医疗机构的办医导向,促进医疗机构主动关注居民健康、重视预防保健工作、控制医疗费用不合理增长,形成医疗、医保联动发展的良好局面。     

总额预付制与医院医保管理

医保费用的支付方式是控制医疗费用增长、提高医疗服务的重要手段.文章从总额预付制对医院医保管理的角度出发,探索总额预付制在实际工作中的综合运用,切实减轻患者负担,保证医疗服务质量,减少医患矛盾纠纷,调动医院积极性,加强医院内部管理,切实控制医疗费用的增长,提高基金使用效率.     

医保总额预付的经济学分析及完善策略

为了控制医疗服务费用的不合理增长,17个医保试点城市大都选择了总额预付方式以减缓医疗费用不合理增长趋势.实施初期总额预付控费效果明显,但同时也引发了医疗服务供需双方的道德风险,对医疗行业产生负面影响.文章拟采用经济学与现实状况相结合综合分析总额预付,并从经济学角度探讨完善医保总额预付的策略,及相应的现实对策,期望对继续完善总额预付有所裨益.     

台湾地区全民健保总额预算制度设计与运行效果评述

总额预算制作为医保对供方主要支付方式之一在国际上得到广泛应用,上海、北京等地区也开始在不同程度上通过总额预算方式实现支付方式改革.总额预算作为一种控制医疗费用过快增长的方式既有优势也存在弊端.以我国台湾地区为例,介绍总额预算制度的运行机制和总额制定方式,并探讨总额预算制的实施效果,分析总额预算达到效果最优化的制度设计,为改革提供政策借鉴.     

医保总额预算制对医院的影响及应对策略分析

目的评估医保总额预算制的实施对医保支出及医疗行为的影响。方法收集我院2009—2015年的医保相关数据,并从全院和科室两个维度分别分析,为医院及各科室提供参考;通过医患问卷调查及关键知情人访谈,了解改革对医疗行为和管理产生的影响。结果门诊患者人次人头比有上升倾向,住院患者改变不明显,而次均费用自总额预算制实施后呈缓慢递减趋势;大部分医患对改革持满意态度,但对配药限制政策存在不满,同时该制度实施过程中在指标科学性、信息透明度等方面存在不足。结论医保总额预算制会影响医院管理行为,是控制医疗费用的有效办法,但在配药限制政策、医保指标科学性、信息透明度等方面仍需进一步改进。     

医保总额控制付费方式中引入调整系数的思考

医保总额控制付费是各国常用的一种控制医疗费用过快增长、确保医保基金安全平稳运行的常用方法,总控指标的设定方式直接影响到这种付费方式的实际执行效果.在医保总控付费方式中引入调整系数可以较好地实现总控付费的制度设计预期,努力实现在基本医疗服务提供系统内构建激励与约束并重的运行机制.     

城市区级医联体医保总额付费基金测算方法探索

目的:探讨医联体医保总额付费基金的测算方法及可行性。方法:以某区域医联体为例,通过按人头、按服务单元(次均费用)以及按住院指数单价三种测算方法对区域医保总额进行测算,并对测算结果进行比较分析。结果:按人头付费使得医联体医保总额增量最大,有利于调动医联体积极性;按服务单元(次均费用)和住院指数单价测算考虑到了区域内不同医疗机构的资源配置差异和历史水平因素,更利于发挥医保对医疗服务供需双方的引导作用和医疗费用的控制作用。结论:单纯测算医保总额预付额度只是开展医联体医保支付方式改革的基础,更为重要的是发挥医保支付方式在医联体内部的指挥棒作用,促进医联体整体效率和公平的提升。     

医保费用总额控制支付方式的实施效果分析

为了评价医保费用总额控制对医药费用及医疗机构经济运行的影响,文章选取了四川省若干家具有代表性的医疗机构,对实施总额控制的医疗机构和未实施总额控制的医疗机构进行对比。结果表明,总额控制下,费用控制效果不明显,且在一定程度上影响了医疗质量,限制了医疗机构的发展。在完善总额控制方面,应建立"结余共享"及"风险共担"制度,逐步实现由后付制向预付制转变。     

总额付费下医保费用考核指标精细化管理探究△

目的：针对医院传统医疗费用管理的局限性,探究总额付费下医疗费用考核的动态评价指标与管理策略。方法：结合德尔菲法、比较法等,对医院医疗业务大数据进行挖掘分析,构建一套科学、合理的医疗费用管控平台,以分析比较各科室、病区职工医保及居民医保的医疗费用水平及费用明细的结构占比,评估其合理性。结果：依托此医疗费用管理系统,医院医保办将市社保中心下达的年度总额进行合理分配,制定科学的人均定额指标,医疗资源得以高效利用;从多维度出发控制医疗费用上涨;医务人员在诊疗行为方面趋于规范化,不合理用药现象减少。结论：总额付费下医保费用考核指标的有效管控,可充分发挥医疗保险对医疗服务行为和费用的调控引导与监督制约作用,构筑了和谐的医、保、患关系。     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.     

The Life Events Inventory: re-scaling based on an occupational sample.

The objective of this study was to compare the validity of the original weightings used by the Life Events Inventory (LEI) with those obtained from a contemporary occupational sample. Fifty male and 62 female manufacturing employees (age range 16-55 years) assigned scores to each item on a slightly modified version of the LEI scale. The current sample consistently assigned higher weights to events/items than did the original sample, but there was high agreement in terms of item ranking. Some distinct age and gender differences in scoring were apparent, and are discussed further. It was concluded that when separate weightings are employed for age and gender groups, the LEI remains a useful tool for quantifying background levels of stress in both workplace stress audits and epidemiological studies where statistical control for non-occupational sources of stress is required.     

Maxillofacial injuries related to work accidents: a new concept of a hospital-based full electronic occupational trauma surveillance system

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of occupational maxillofacial injuries using a newly installed relational database. Twenty-six injuries were identified out of 28,624 patients admitted to the emergency unit during a 12 month period. Falls from height or being struck by moving objects were common causes of these injuries. Two-thirds of those identified were construction workers. This paper demonstrates the power of modern databases to identify specific occurrences that may provide the basis for prevention in the future.     

Rôles physiologiques des endocannabinoïdes dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique

Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipids which modulate the release of neurotransmitters and activate different signaling pathways, through the binding to cannabinoïd receptors, CB1 and CB2. Endocannabinoids are involved in the control of a variety of behavioural and neuroendocrine functions, including feeding behaviour. In the central nervous system, they essentially modulate the expression of orexigen or anorexigen neuropeptides thus resulting in the stimulation of food intake. Their peripheral targets are mainly the liver and the white adipose tissue where they stimulate lipogenesis, through the modulation of several enzymes and proteins expressions. Cannabinoïd receptor agonists are nowadays prescribed to improve appetite of people suffering from cancer or AIDS. In the same way, CB1 antagonist, such as Rimonabant, could provide efficient treatment of obesity.     

Stress in police officers: a study of the origins,prevalence and severity of stress-related symptoms within a county police force

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress-related illness are causing concern across industry. Against a background of impending legislative moves to try to improve this situation, there is a need to identify key work-related stressors. Police work tends to be regarded as inherently stressful because of the personal risk of exposure to confrontation and violence and the day-to-day involvement in a variety of traumatic incidents. As a result, high levels of stress-related symptoms might be expected in this population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the sources of stress-related symptoms within police officers and measure the prevalence of significant associated mental ill-health. METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a population of 1206 police officers was performed to assess levels of strain associated with a series of potential home and work related stressors. Participants were then split into low and high scoring groups on the basis of a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) threshold score in order to identify those stressors most associated with mental ill-health effects. RESULTS: Occupational stressors ranking most highly within the population were not specific to policing, but to organizational issues such as the demands of work impinging upon home life, lack of consultation and communication, lack of control over workload, inadequate support and excess workload in general. The high scoring group constituted 41% of the population and differed significantly from those with low scores in perception of all stressors, ranking both personal and occupational stressors more highly, and from personality constraints appeared significantly more 'stress-prone'. A significant association between gender and mental ill-health was found, with females more likely to score more highly on the GHQ than males. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous findings of organizational culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree of symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a possible increased susceptibility in female officers.