万州区公共场所公共用品卫生状况监测结果分析

为了解公共场所公共用品卫生状况,以便进一步加大公共场所卫生监测和管理力度,提高公共场所活动的安全性,预防疾病,保障人群健康。现将重庆市万州区2004~2006年公共场所公共用品卫生监测结果分析如下。1对象与方法1.1采样对象万州区旅店业、文化娱乐场所、美容美发、公共浴室。1.2监测项目星级宾馆检测杯具类(茶杯、口杯)、布草类(毛巾、浴巾、床单、枕套、被套、浴衣)、洁具类(面盆、浴缸、马桶座圈);普通招待所检测床单、枕套、被套、脸盆、脚盆、拖鞋;文化娱乐场所检测杯具类(茶杯、酒杯、咖啡杯)、果盘、话筒;美容美发室检测面巾、理发…     

公共场所微生物样品采集的若干问题之探讨

公共场所微生物样品包括空气细菌总数,用品、用具细菌总数、部分用品用具大肠菌群、致病菌和酵母菌等样品,涉及空气、二杯(口杯、茶杯)、二套(枕套、被套)、三盆(面盆、浴盆、脚盆)、三巾(毛巾、浴巾、枕巾),此外还有床单、拖鞋、理发工具、便器等.     

旅店卫生消毒操作规范与实施效果

《公共场所卫生管理条例》及《旅店业卫生标准》中均提出了旅店业应设消毒间和公用物品必须进行消毒的要求,到目前为止,我国尚无旅店业消毒间设计及卫生洗消设施、操作规范。为保证消毒效果,招远市结合实际情况,于2000年制定了《旅店业消毒间设计及卫生洗消设施、操作规范》,在全市旅店业贯彻实施,取得了很好的效果。 1 基本情况 1.1 旅店业主要公用物品:茶具、拖鞋、脸盆、脚盆、床上用品和客房卫生间内的面盆、浴盆、便器等。 1.2 消毒方法:茶具用远红外臭氧消毒柜进行热力消毒或用含氯消毒剂浸泡消毒,其他公用物品均用含氯消毒剂浸泡或擦拭。     

舟山市旅店业卫生现状

舟山市是一个海岛城市,近几年来由于旅游业的发展,旅店业的发展速度加快,为全面了解旅店业卫生现状,1996～1998年对定海城区145家旅店进行了卫生学调查。1　资料与方法11　资料来源于舟山市卫生防疫站1996～1998年旅店业卫生监测检验结果报告书。12　于每年7～11月对旅店进行监测,检测项目包括客房空气中细菌总数、二氧化碳、照度、噪声,茶具中大肠菌群,卧具(床单、被套)中细菌总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌,卫生洁具(洗脸盆、浴缸、坐便器、脚盆)中大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌。13　按《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》要求进行检测,卧具、卫生…     

2015年驻马店市旅店业和美容美发业公共用品消毒监测

目的通过对驻马店市公共场所公共用品的消毒监测,为公共场所监督管理提供依据。方法依据《公共场所卫生监测方法》对2015年驻马店市旅店业和美容美发业公共场所用品进行监测。结果 2015年共监测样品1147份,合格1 101份,合格率95.99%,其中旅店业监测686份,合格658份,合格率95.91%。美容美发业监测461份,合格443份,合格率96.10%。拖鞋合数率低于茶具低于毛巾、床上卧具。结论加强公共场所卫生管理,加强从业人员培训,把好许可关。     

29家旅店卫生状况调查

为了解十堰市国营、集体单位旅店的卫生状况 ,1996年 10～ 12月及 1997年 11～ 12月两次对市区 2 9家旅店公用物品的细菌污染状况进行了调查。随机抽取有代表性的旅店 2 9家 ,每家旅店任选已整理好的客房 1～ 3间 ,对每间内配备的床单 ,枕巾 (或枕套 )、被套各采样 1～ 3份。按《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》检测细菌总数 ,大肠菌群 (定性检测 ) ,按 GB9663 - 1996《旅店业卫生标准》进行评价。检测结果显示 :旅店公用物品消毒合格率 1996年和1997年分别为 81.5 % ( 13 7/ 168)和 97.7% ( 2 0 8/ 2 13 ) ,两者间差异有显著性 (χ2 =2 8.5 P…     

2012-2014年濮阳市旅店业空气质量监测结果分析

目的通过分析比较濮阳市三年来部分旅店业空气质量监测结果 ,了解该市旅店业空气质量和卫生状况,为加强和改进公共场所卫生监督管理提供依据。方法采用资料分析方法 ,对2012-2014年濮阳市卫生监督局直管的52家旅店业经营单位共156份室内空气质量经常性卫生监测结果报告进行汇总分析。结果三年合计监测点总数为1130个,合格点数926个,合格率为81.95%。三年监测点合格率分别为75.43%、82.06%和87.25%;微小气候合格率为99.66%,二氧化碳合格率为94.60%,一氧化碳合格率为94.34%,甲醛合格率为93.98%,可吸入颗粒物为88.94%,空气细菌总数合格率为87.88%。结论濮阳市旅店业空气质量监测合格率呈逐年上升趋势,提示该市目前旅店业应加强控制的主要健康危害因素是可吸入颗粒物、空气细菌总数。     

2004-2008年九江市庐山区部分旅店卫生状况调查

[目的]了解旅店业卫生状况,为今后做好旅店卫生管理工作提供科学依据。[方法]对2004～2008年庐山区部分旅店卫生状况进行调查。[结果]2004-2008年共检测旅店145家,合格115家,合格率为79．31％。其中,各年的合格率分别为69．23％、75．00％、75．86％、86．67％、87．50％,不同年份合格率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。星级、普通旅店的合格率分别为92．00％、72．63％。差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。备用公共毛巾、浴巾的合格率明显高于枕套、被套、床单、茶具（P〈0．05）,一些硬件设施合格率高于床上用品。[结论]庐山区旅店卫生状况逐年提高。以后要加强对普通旅店的卫生管理,并尽快完善其卫生消毒配套设施。     

唐山市丰润区旅店业公共用品用具卫生状况调查

目的 了解唐山市丰润区旅店业公共用品用具的消毒状况,提高卫生管理水平,防止传染病的发生和流行.方法 2011年按照《公共场所卫生标准监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》要求进行采样检验.结果 共检测辖区内旅店业85家,各类公共用品用具610份,合格550份,合格率为90.16％.不同档次的旅店业消毒效果之间的差异具有统计学意义,低档次旅店业公共用品的检测合格率仅为85.45％,明显低于高档次旅店业;毛巾、床上用品、茶具、拖鞋和脸盆的合格率分别为93.71％、91.82％、89.93％、74.49、90.90％,拖鞋污染严重.结论 丰润区旅店业公共用品用具总体消毒效果较好,但仍需加强对低档次旅店业的监督监测,督促企业自律,提高经营者的守法意识和卫生管理水平,以保障人民群众的身体健康.     

2010～2012年大连市开发区小型旅店公用物品卫生状况分析

目的了解大连市开发区小型旅店公用物品卫生状况，以明确卫生监督检查工作重点，加强公共场所卫生监督管理。方法2010年～2012年对大连市200家旅店客房公用物品（床单、被罩、枕巾、毛巾、拖鞋）进行细菌学检测。结果2010～2012年合计检测200家小型旅店的各类样品4800份，合格的4053份，合格率为84．44％。2010～2012年合格率分别为66．41％、89．23％、90．80％（P〈0．01）；不同样品合格率，床单为82．83％、被罩为76．67％、枕巾为78．83％、毛巾为92．25％、拖鞋为86．92％（P〈0．01）；细菌总数、大肠菌群和霉菌的监测合格率分别为85．72％、94．33％和86．92％（P〈0．01）。结论20lO～2012年大连市开发区小型旅店公用物品合格率呈上升趋势。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.