华支睾吸虫病

华支睾吸虫病也称肝吸虫病，是由华支睾吸虫寄生在人体肝内胆管所引起的寄生虫病，因进食未经煮熟的淡水鱼（虾）而感染。其临床特征为肝肿大、上腹隐痛、疲乏以及精神不振等。严重感染可导致胆管炎、胆结石以至肝硬化等并发症。传染源主要是已感染华支睾吸虫的人和哺乳类动物。     

肝吸虫病23例误漏诊分析

华支睾吸虫病（又称肝吸虫病）是华支睾吸虫（肝吸虫）寄生于人体肝内胆管，引起胆汁瘀滞、肝损害的寄生虫病，主要是进食未熟的含有华支睾吸虫囊蚴的淡水鱼虾引起。近年来，本病的患病率有上升趋势。由于其症状和体征缺乏特异性，临床表现不甚典型，故临床上常被误诊或漏诊。为提高临床医生对本病的认识，现将2000年1月-2006年12月收治的23例误诊、漏诊病例报告如下。     

华支睾吸虫病防治

华支睾吸虫病(c lonorch iasis)是由华支睾吸虫[C lonorch is sinensis(Cobbold,1875)Looss,1907]即肝吸虫寄生在人的肝胆管内所引起的以肝胆病变为主的一种人兽共患寄生虫病,也称为肝吸虫病。人体感染是因为食入含有华支睾吸虫活囊蚴的鱼或虾所致。寄生在肝胆管内虫体运动的机     

华支睾吸虫病的防治研究进展

华支睾吸虫病（俗称肝吸虫病）主要在东亚和东南亚的国家流行，也是我国最严重的食源性寄生虫病之一［１］。不少人还认为华支睾吸虫感染与胆管癌的发生有关［２］。我国科技工作者从５０年代起，即在本病防治和控制方面进行了不少有益的探索。现将有关防治的研究进展作如...     

吡喹酮治疗后华支睾吸虫机理的研究

吡喹酮治疗后华支睾吸虫机理的研究中国医科大学人体寄生虫学教研室（沈阳１１０００１）王海鹏吡喹酮是目前常用的抗吸虫病药物。关于该药对华支睾吸虫作用，以往对虫体损伤和影响代谢的研究较多。本文以间接免疫荧光抗体试验对经吡喹酮实验治疗前、后的华支睾吸虫体表抗...     

胆囊切除术后1例华支睾吸虫病诊断分析

目的分析1例行胆囊切除术后诊断为华支睾吸虫病患者的临床及实验室资料,探讨肝吸虫病胆囊病变的特征,减少漏诊和误诊。方法回顾性分析病例的流行病学史、临床症状、实验室病原学检测结果。结果患者有长期食鱼生史,出现胆囊肿大和胆总管扩张体征,经B超检测确诊为继发性胆总管结石后行胆囊切除,T管引流液中发现瓜子样虫体,胆汁离心镜检查出多个华支睾吸虫虫卵。qPCR检测结果为华支睾吸虫感染,给予患者阿苯达唑驱虫治疗后病情得以转归。结论收治不明原因胆囊炎、胆管结石并有生食淡水鱼患者时,要警惕华支睾吸虫病的鉴别诊断。     

生鱼吃出千万肝吸虫病人

华支睾吸虫．又称肝吸虫。卫生部2005年公布的全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查报告显示：“在肝吸虫流行区感染率为2．40％，推算全国流行区感染华支睾吸虫人数为1249万人。比1990年第一次全国调查的结果上升了75%，其中广东、广西、吉林3省分别上升了182％、164％和630％。江苏省肝吸虫病主要在局部地区（湖区和苏北)流行。     

吃出来的寄生虫病

生鱼片与肝 吸虫病肝吸虫病（又名华枝睾吸虫病）是因华枝睾吸虫寄生在人体肝内胆小管引起的疾病。轻者没有症状，或出现上腹痛、食欲不振、腹胀、腹泻、肝肿大；重者可引起胆道感染、胆石症、胆汁性肝硬化、胆管癌。     

新沂市华支睾吸虫中间宿主和保虫宿主感染情况调查

华支睾吸虫（又称为肝吸虫）的生活史过程中需要有二个中间宿主,第1中间宿主为淡水螺类,第2中间宿主为淡水鱼虾。因此淡水鱼虾的感染率、感染度与人群的感染及肝吸虫病的流行密切相关,控制淡水鱼虾的肝吸虫感染,防止保虫宿主粪便入水,是阻断肝吸虫传播和流行的重要措施。为了解新沂市华支睾吸虫在自然界传播流行情况,作者于2006年对新沂市自然界华支睾吸虫流行情况进行了调查,     

人体华枝睾吸虫病2例报告与分析

华支睾吸虫病又称肝吸虫病,是由于华支睾吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)成虫寄生于人、畜肝内胆小管所致一种危害人畜身体健康的食源性寄生虫病。近半年内,厦门市疾病预防控制中心采用改良     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.