铝对小鼠感觉运动行为和生活习性的影响

目的　研究铝对小鼠感觉运动行为和生活习性的影响。方法　健康雄性ICR小鼠经饮水中加入AlCl3 染毒,3个剂量组分别为10、50、300 mg·kg-1·d-1。通过自主活动、抓力、抓绳、平衡木、囤积食物、筑巢等实验观察铝对小鼠感觉运动行为和生活习性的影响。结果　10、50、300 mg·kg-1·d-1染铝组小鼠自主活动频数分别为(81.53±8.97)、(71.67±8.37)、(66.73±6.96)次,比对照组[(106.46±8.21)次]明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且染毒剂量与自主活动频数呈负相关(rs=-0.42,P<0.01)。50、300 mg·kg-1·d-1染铝组小鼠抓力转换分别为(19.19±1.48)、(13.36±1.46)分,比对照组[(24.31±1.43)分]明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.01)。300 mg·kg-1·d-1染铝组小鼠囤积食物行为[96.10(90.20~99.00)g]与对照组[84.00(78.00~90.00)g]的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其余指标各组差异不明显。结论　亚慢性染铝可以使小鼠自主活动行为减少、抓力降低、囤积食物行为改变(提示小鼠脑海马部位神经细胞损伤),但平衡协调能力未见影响。     

怎样冲泡不同种类的茶叶

<正>想要喝一杯上等的好茶,除了应保证茶叶的质量外,还要掌握泡茶的要点。平日里,人们经常饮用的茶叶多为绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶和黑茶,那么这些茶叶应如何冲泡呢?1.绿茶绿茶之所以具有抗氧化、清除自由基、抗衰老、抗病毒等功效,主要是因为其中含有大量的     

枸杞多糖对小鼠实验性肝损伤的实验研究

目的探讨枸杞多糖对实验性肝损伤的保护作用。方法用CCL4建立小鼠肝损伤模型。给小鼠口服枸杞多糖100 mg·kg-1.d-1,50 mg·kg-1.d-1;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清TNF-α水平,双缩脲法测定血清中总蛋白含量。结果枸杞多糖能有效地降低CCL4引起的小鼠TNF-α水平,并可以防止总蛋白含量的降低。结论枸杞多糖具有抗CCL4所致动物肝细胞损伤的作用。     

柿叶黄酮的体外抗氧化作用研究

目的 :　研究柿叶黄酮的体外抗氧化作用。方法 :　用水杨酸法研究柿叶黄酮 ( Per-simmon leaf flavonoid,PLF)清除· OH的效果 ,用硫代巴比妥酸法测定小鼠组织及肝线粒体、微粒体中丙二醛含量 ( MDA) ,用分光光度法测定小鼠红细胞溶血和肝线粒体膨胀程度研究 PLF的抗氧化效果。结果 :　 PLF可以清除 · OH,抑制· OH所致丙二醛的产生 ,减少红细胞溶血 ,减轻肝线粒体膨胀程度。结论 :　可以认为 PLF具有明显的抗氧化作用。     

环孢素A联合小剂量激素治疗特发性膜性肾病31例临床分析

目的特发性膜性肾病(IMN)是肾病综合征的主要病理类型之一,因其对激素不敏感而易于成为难治性肾病综合征,本文通过观察环孢素A+小剂量激素治疗IMN的临床疗效,探讨其治疗。方法观察31例经肾活检证实诊断的IMN患者对环孢素A(CsA)+小剂量激素的治疗反应。治疗方法为环孢素A2～3mg·kg-1·d-1(CsA血药浓度120～150mg/L)8周,继以1～2mg·kg-1·d-1(CsA血药浓度80～100mg/L)维持12～24个月;泼尼松给予0.25mg·kg-1·d-1开始,8周后每2周逐渐减量至0.125mg·kg-1·d-1维持。观察尿蛋白排出量、血浆蛋白和症状体征。结果完全缓解率52%,部分缓解率35%,未缓解13%,有效率达87%。结论环孢素A联合小剂量激素治疗IMN疗效肯定。     

茶叶水浸液对肠道致病菌抑菌作用的研究

目的 了解普通绿茶、红茶、菊花茶、乌龙茶、普洱茶水浸液对肠道致病菌的抑菌作用.方法 采用平板孔穴法进行茶叶水浸液抑制副溶血性弧菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门菌属、志贸菌属效果的研究.结果 普通绿茶、红茶、菊花茶、乌龙茶、普洱茶初次水浸液对副溶血性弧菌有抑菌作用;普通绿茶、普洱茶初次水浸液对大肠埃希菌有抑制作用;普通绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、普洱茶初次水浸液对沙门菌属、志贺菌属有抑菌作用;其中以普通绿茶和普洱茶对副溶血性弧菌的抑菌效果最好,2.5 mg/ml初次水浸液抑菌环直径分别为10.6 mm和12.3 mm.结论 茶叶对肠道致病菌有抑菌作用.     

三氯化铝对小鼠海马神经元细胞内游离钙浓度及其学习记忆的影响

目的探讨接触不同浓度三氯化铝对小鼠海马神经元细胞内游离钙浓度的影响及其与学习记忆能力之间的关系。方法健康雄性ICR小鼠随机平均分为4组(1个对照组和3个染毒组),每组15只。对照组饮双蒸水,染毒组经饮水中加入三氯化铝染毒,剂量分别为10、50、300mg·kg-1·d-1,饲养100d,以钙敏感的荧光指示剂(Fura2)作为探针,观察三氯化铝对小鼠海马神经元细胞内游离钙的影响,利用Morris水迷宫实验测定小鼠学习记忆能力的变化。结果染铝50、300kg·kg-1·d-1剂量组海马神经元游离钙浓度([Ca2+]i)分别为[(412.25±53.20)、(467.37±32.85)次],与对照组[(293.91±32.21)次]相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且染毒剂量与[Ca2+]i呈正相关(rS=0.861,P<0.01);Morris水迷宫50、300mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组与对照组相比潜伏期延长,差异有统计学意义(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论铝对小鼠海马神经元细胞内游离钙浓度有影响,而其浓度的增加可能是导致小鼠学习记忆能力下降的原因之一。     

甲萘威对雌性大鼠血清雌激素水平及抗氧化系统功能的影响

目的观察甲萘威对雌性大鼠的生殖毒性并初步探讨其机制。方法雌性SD大鼠经口染毒甲萘威,剂量为0、1.028、5.140、25.704mg·kg-1·d-1。阴道脱落细胞涂片法观察大鼠动情周期的变化;放射免疫法测定其血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)水平;分光光度法测定其血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的活力以及丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。结果各剂量甲萘威染毒组大鼠动情周期数明显低于对照组。染毒后15d大鼠动情各期出现变化,与对照组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。25.704mg·kg-1·d-1组大鼠体重增长明显低于对照组。各剂量染毒组大鼠的多个脏器系数均明显降低。25.704mg·kg-1·d-1组大鼠血清中E2水平为(19.93±2.21)nmoll,1.028mg·kg-1·d-1组大鼠P4水平为(1.21±0.40)nmoll,与对照组[(28.76±6.12)、(0.63±0.39)nmolL]的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随染毒剂量增高,大鼠SOD活力在卵巢先降后升,在血清中略升后下降;MDA含量则呈在卵巢中渐升高、在血清中略升后降低趋势;GSH含量和GST活力在卵巢中呈先降后升趋势,但在血清中,GSH含量呈下降趋势,GST活力先上升后下降。结论甲萘威可致雌性大鼠动情周期紊乱及雌激素水平改变,对大鼠的抗氧化系统产生一定影响。     

鲑鱼鱼白DNA对小鼠胸腺作用的差异表达基因筛选

目的　探讨鲑鱼鱼白DNA(salmonmiltDNA ,SMD)对小鼠胸腺增龄性萎缩的作用及作用机制。方法　 10月龄雌性BALB/C小鼠按体重随机分为高剂量组 (333 33mg·kg-1·d-1)、低剂量组 (16 6 6 7mg·kg-1·d-1)和对照组 (0mg·kg-1·d-1)。喂饲 5周后 ,测定胸腺脏器指数 ;组织切片后以Image ProPlus专业图像分析系统 (4 0版 )进行胸腺细胞计数和皮质厚度测量 ,所得数据经SAS统计软件分析。应用基因芯片技术在对照组和高剂量组胸腺组织中筛选差异表达的基因片段、RT PCR鉴定部分片段。结果　SMD对小鼠的体重、胸腺重量和胸腺指数均无影响 ;高剂量组小鼠的胸腺皮、髓质细胞数量与对照组经统计学分析相比均显著增多 ;低剂量组的胸腺皮、髓质细胞数量与对照组相比经统计学分析差异均不显著 ;高、低剂量组的胸腺皮质平均厚度经统计学分析均显著高于对照组 ;经基因芯片技术初筛出 112条差异表达的基因片段 ;Genebank登录号为Aw2 0 910 2、U2 3789、X80 2 32的 3条上调表达的基因片段 ,经RT PCR鉴定 ,在高剂量组确实存在上调表达。结论SMD有通过促进细胞增殖相关基因的表达并同时促进发育、分化相关基因表达而逆转胸腺增龄性萎缩的可能。     

不同茶叶对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠抗氧化作用比较

目的比较4种不同发酵类型茶叶对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法将小鼠随机分为7组(对照组、模型组、绿茶组、乌龙茶组、红茶组、黑茶组和阳性对照组),除对照组外,其余6组皮下注射D-半乳糖建立氧化损伤动物模型,在造模同时各茶叶组和阳性对照组分别灌胃茶叶水(2 g/kg)和维生素C(10 mg/kg),30 d后处死小鼠测定脏器指数,血清、肝脏和脑组织SOD、CAT活力和T-AOC。结果绿茶能提高D-半乳糖模型小鼠肝脏、脑组织、脾脏和胸腺脏器指数,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);绿茶组血清SOD、CAT活力和T-AOC分别为(139.18±8.19)、(6.03±0.56)和(17.67±0.71)U/mL,与模型组比较,明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);绿茶、红茶和黑茶对肝脏和脑组织SOD、CAT活力和T-AOC均有提高作用(P<0.05),且绿茶效果强于红茶和黑茶。结论不同发酵类型茶叶对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠均具有抗氧化作用,其中绿茶在4种发酵类型茶叶中抗氧化能力最强。     

Comparison of the antioxidant activity of roasted tea with green, oolong, and black teas

Although the antioxidant properties of green, oolong, and black teas have been well studied, antioxidant activity has not been examined in roasted tea. Therefore, in the current studies, we investigated the antioxidant activity of roasted tea in comparison with those of green, oolong, and black teas. Using water extracts of the various teas, we examined the total phenolic content as well as the antioxidant activities, including the reducing power, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and the inhibition of hemolysis caused by 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced lipid oxidation in erythrocyte membranes. The roasted tea contained lower levels of total phenolics than green, oolong, or black tea (green tea > oolong tea > black tea > roasted tea). The relative reducing power and DPPH scavenging activity decreased in the following order: green tea > roasted tea > oolong tea > black tea. Also, green tea was more effective against AAPH-induced erythrocyte hemolysis than other teas (green tea>roasted tea = oolong tea = black tea). These results suggest that roasted tea is beneficial to health, in humans, because of its high antioxidant activity.     

Comparison of the antioxidant activity of roasted tea with green,oolong, and black teas

Although the antioxidant properties of green, oolong, and black teas have been well studied, antioxidant activity has not been examined in roasted tea. Therefore, in the current studies, we investigated the antioxidant activity of roasted tea in comparison with those of green, oolong, and black teas. Using water extracts of the various teas, we examined the total phenolic content as well as the antioxidant activities, including the reducing power, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and the inhibition of hemolysis caused by 2,2’-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced lipid oxidation in erythrocyte membranes. The roasted tea contained lower levels of total phenolics than green, oolong, or black tea (green tea>oolong tea>black tea>roasted tea). The relative reducing power and DPPH scavenging activity decreased in the following order: green tea>roasted tea>oolong tea>black tea. Also, green tea was more effective against AAPH-induced erythrocyte hemolysis than other teas (green tea>roasted tea=oolong tea=black tea). These results suggest that roasted tea is beneficial to health, in humans, because of its high antioxidant activity.     

茶多糖对高脂血症大鼠血脂及肝脏中微量元素的调节作用

目的考察3种纯度的茶多糖(TPS):TPSI(含27.43%TPS)、TPSⅡ(含57.82%TPS)和TPSⅢ(含89.50%TPS)对高脂血症大鼠的治疗作用以及对大鼠肝脏中微量元素含量的影响。方法高血脂症模型大鼠分别灌胃不同纯度的TPS4w,测定大鼠血清中胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和肝脏中Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mg等元素的含量。结果实验组大鼠血清TC、MDA含量与模型组相比显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C、LDL-C没有显著变化,肝脏中Zn、Cu、Mg含量和Zn/Cu比值变化与模型组比较变化显著(P<0.01)。结论TPS具有一定的降低大鼠血脂作用,具有很好的体内抗氧化作用,并且能够调节其肝脏中与脂代谢有关的Zn、Cu、Mg含量和Zn/Cu比值趋于正常水平。     

Effect of Ethanol Content on Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Polyphenols from Tea

This study presents a novel packed-column extractor coupled with an absorption system to improve the quality of oleoresin oils for Oolong and green teas, extracted by using carbon dioxide. The effect of various co-solvents on the extract is also examined. In addition, gravimetrical measurement and HPLC chromatographic analysis individually determine the amount of oleoresin oil and the concentration of four major catechins. According to those results, the mean contents in the extract are 7.0- and 10.0-fold higher in an addition of 95% ethanol than in no addition for green tea and Oolong tea, respectively. The ratio of four major catechins to caffeine is the highest in Soxhlet ethanol extraction for both green and Oolong teas.     

绿茶和红茶多酚对大鼠脂肪分化相关基因表达影响的比较研究

目的:比较绿茶多酚(GTP)和红茶多酚(BTP)抗肥胖作用及其分子机制。方法:将实验大鼠分为空白对照组,高脂饲料+GTP组,高脂饲料+BTP组,高脂饲料组,定期检测体重,喂饲3个月后,观察脂肪组织和血脂水平变化,并提取附睾脂肪组织,应用RT-PCR技术观察与脂肪细胞分化相关的基因pref-1,aP2,TNF-α,瘦素,PPAR-γ,C/EBP-α在mRNA水平的表达。结果:GTP和BTP均能明显降低体重,减少脂肪。同时,GTP和BTP均能显著地抑制脂肪细胞特殊标记物aP2,TNF-α,瘦素,但两者之间无统计学差异。此外,GTP还上调前脂肪细胞标记物pref-1,且下调转录因子PPAR-γ。结论:GTP和BTP均可通过调节与脂肪细胞分化相关的基因,逆转脂肪细胞的分化,达到抗肥胖的作用,且GTP抗肥胖作用强于BTP。     

乌龙茶减肥作用机制的研究

目的 :　乌龙茶是否能抑制由于喂饲高脂饲料而引起的肥胖。方法 :　以添加乌龙茶的高脂肪食喂饲小鼠 1 0 w,检查小鼠体重、肝脏重量、脂肪组织重量以及肝中甘油三酯的含量 ;从乌龙茶中分离促进脂肪分解的活性物质并检查在脂肪细胞中对去甲肾上腺素诱导脂肪分解的作用。结果 :　乌龙茶可以抑制喂饲高脂饲料引起的肥胖和脂肪肝。乌龙茶的水提取物能够促进去甲肾上腺素诱导的脂肪分解 ,其活性成分之一经鉴定是咖啡因。咖啡因能增强去甲肾上腺素诱导脂肪细胞中的脂肪分解作用。乌龙茶能抑制胰脂肪酶的活性。结论 :　乌龙茶的减肥作用可能是由于乌龙茶中所含具有促进脂肪分解作用的咖啡因和乌龙茶中其他有抑制脂肪吸收的物质所致。     

茶叶抗氧化功能的研究

方法：１０８只１２月龄ＳＤ大鼠用（ｇ／３００ｂｗ．ｄ）０．１５、０．３０、０．６０茶叶和（％）０．６、１．２、２．４浓度茶汤每日每只２５ｍｌ喂养２个月。结果：茶叶和茶汤均能显著提高老龄大鼠过氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活力（Ｐ＜０．０１），平均提高红茶为１１７．００％，绿茶为９０．７９％；均能降低大鼠肝丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量，平均降低红茶为３４．６２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），绿茶为２５．３５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：茶叶具有显著的生物抗氧化作用，且红茶的抗氧化效果比绿茶显著，茶叶的生物抗氧化机制除茶多酚类物质起作用外，可能还有其它重要的机制     

Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry.

Tea is grown in about 30 countries but is consumed worldwide, although at greatly varying levels. It is the most widely consumed beverage aside from water with a per capita worldwide consumption of approximately 0.12 liter per year. Tea is manufactured in three basic forms. Green tea is prepared in such a way as to preclude the oxidation of green leaf polyphenols. During black tea production oxidation is promoted so that most of these substances are oxidized. Oolong tea is a partially oxidized product. Of the approximately 2.5 million metric tons of dried tea manufactured, only 20% is green tea and less than 2% is oolong tea. Green tea is consumed primarily in China, Japan, and a few countries in North Africa and the Middle East. Fresh tea leaf is unusually rich in the flavanol group of polyphenols known as catechins which may constitute up to 30% of the dry leaf weight. Other polyphenols include flavanols and their glycosides, and depsides such as chlorogenic acid, coumarylquinic acid, and one unique to tea, theogallin (3-galloylquinic acid). Caffeine is present at an average level of 3% along with very small amounts of the other common methylxanthines, theobromine and theophylline. The amino acid theanine (5-N-ethylglutamine) is also unique to tea. Tea accumulates aluminum and manganese. In addition to the normal complement of plant cell enzymes, tea leaf contains an active polyphenol oxidase which catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of the catechins when the leaf cell structure is disrupted during black tea manufacture. The various quinones produced by the enzymatic oxidations undergo condensation reactions which result in a series of compounds, including bisflavanols, theaflavins, epitheaflavic acids, and thearubigens, which impart the characteristic taste and color properties of black tea. Most of these compounds readily form complexes with caffeine. There is no tannic acid in tea. Thearubigens constitute the largest mass of the extractable matter in black tea but their composition is not well known. Proanthocyanidins make up part of the complex. Tea peroxidase may be involved in their generation. The catechin quinones also initiate the formation of many of the hundreds of volatile compounds found in the black tea aroma fraction. Green tea composition is very similar to that of the fresh leaf except for a few enzymatically catalyzed changes which occur extremely rapidly following plucking. New volatile substances are produced during the drying stage. Oolong tea is intermediate in composition between green and black teas.     

石榴皮抗氧化物质提取及其体外抗氧化作用研究

目的: 研究石榴皮提取物体外清除自由基的作用及对低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化的影响。方法: 采用 -2O、·OH、ROO·等自由基的生成体系,研究石榴皮提取物清除自由基的活性,并进一步采用LDL体外氧化模型,研究对LDL氧化的抑制作用,并与石榴果汁提取物相比较。结果: 两种提取物均可以有效清除 -2O、稯H、ROO纷杂苫种芁DL氧化,其活性具有剂量效应关系;果皮提取物的各种活性均强于果汁提取物。结论: 石榴皮所含天然抗氧化物质能有效清除 -2O、稯H、ROO返茸杂苫种芁DL氧化,因而可能具有抑制动脉粥样硬化(AS)的作用。     

青砖茶与绿茶对大鼠脂代谢和抗氧化作用的比较研究

目的分析了青砖茶及绿茶主要生化成分含量及其对大鼠减肥和抗氧化作用。方法选用2种贮藏时间的青砖茶和普通绿茶测定其主要化学成分,选取雄性Wistar大鼠60只,体重为80±5g,随机分为6组,每组10只。空白对照组和模型对照组每天灌胃蒸馏水;阳性对照组每天灌胃Orlistat 0.04g/kg·bw,1年砖剂量组、10年砖剂量组、绿茶剂量组每天灌胃1.5g/kg·bw的相应茶汤。除空白对照组喂饲普通饲料外,其它5组均喂饲高脂营养饲料,试验期6w。定期称体重,测体长,实验结束后颈动脉取血,测血脂及其抗氧化指标,观测大鼠体内脂肪沉着及脏器变化情况。结果 10年青砖茶茶多糖、茶褐素含量最高,其它成分含量最低,而绿茶茶多糖、茶褐素含量最低,其它成分含量最高。青砖茶、绿茶都能显著降低大鼠体重、Lee’s指数、脂肪系数及血脂水平,能显著提高血清HDL-C含量及血清、肝脏SOD、GSH-PX活性,降低血清和肝脏MDA水平,有效减小脂肪细胞直径。其中,青砖茶的效果优于绿茶,10年砖茶优于1年砖茶。结论青砖茶较绿茶更具有减肥降脂、抗氧化作用。