补充医疗保险的需求研究

根据上海市社会基本医疗保险的框架，我们设计了与之相对应的4个补充医疗保险方案，并调查了职工以这些补充医疗保险方案的意愿支付，分别建立了需求模型。结果显示：4个补充医疗保险方案各具特性，其需求不仅取决于各个方案的属性（其所覆盖的医疗费用风险损失及其发生概率）、价格与职工家庭收入，而更重要的是取决于职工本人的保险意识、态度与信息。补充医疗保险方案需求的平均价格弹性在－0．59～－3．84之间。对补充医疗保险的政策推动与市场监管应充分考虑到不同补充医疗保险方案的本质属性。     

温州市补充医疗保险的需求及其影响因素研究

根据温州市职工基本医疗保险覆盖范围 ,笔者设计了与之对应的 5个补充医疗保险方案 ,调查了职工对这些补充医疗保险方案的意愿支付情况。结果表明 :5种方案的需求价格弹性在 0 .88～ 1 .3 4之间。覆盖特需医疗服务的方案D和E需求价格弹性较大 ,覆盖大病重病的方案A接受程度最高 ,价格弹性最小 ,应优先考虑加以推广。个人经济状况、医疗服务利用及对基本医疗保险的了解程度影响补充医疗保险需求。     

补充医疗保险的需求理论及其政策意义

补充医疗保险是随着我国城镇职工基本医疗保险改革而来的新兴事物。它既不同于以往的公费劳保医疗保障制度,也不同于职工基本医疗保险,而是基本医疗保险基础之上的其他医疗保险形式[1],是城镇职工多层次医疗保障体系的重要组成部分。本研究将着重探讨补充医疗保险的需求理论及其政策意义。一、补充医疗保险的特征(一)保险性:补充医疗保险具有健康保险的共性,即大数法则下的风险共济(risksharing)。投保者通过支付定额的保险费,换取对不确定疾病风险发生后的医疗费用而获得事先确定的一定程度补偿的保障[2]。虽然在现实中,补充医疗保险有互助…     

农村医疗保险需求影响因素分析

农村医疗保险市场的发展有赖于市场需求的不断扩张，而医疗保险需求又受到医疗保险价格、消费者收入水平、疾病风险程度预期、健康状况、文化水平、消费者对政府政策稳定性预期等因素的影响。     

黑龙江省城镇职工补充医疗保险需求调查与影响因素分析

目的:了解黑龙江省城镇职工对补充医疗保险的需要、需求及影响因素.方法:采用分层抽样法,自制问卷对黑龙江省城镇职工补充医疗保险的需求进行个人调查.结果:只有18.2%的受访者了解补充医疗保险:29.67%受访者防范未知医疗疾病风险以个人存款为主要途径,还有16.92%没有任何准备;80.4%受访者愿意参加城镇职工补充医疗保险.在补充医疗保险的举办方式上,选择社会医疗保险机构举办的自愿性补充医疗保险居多,占45.5%.结论:政府医疗保障部门和商业医疗保险机构应该关注城镇职工的补充医疗保险需求,并要参考城镇职工实际需求意愿,制定适宜的城镇职工补充医疗政策和实施方案.     

温州市高收入职工对特需服务补充医疗保险的需求分析

笔者设计了覆盖基本医疗保险药品目录以外药品费用和特需服务的补充医疗保险方案1和2,通过对温州市高收入职工的意愿参与和意愿支付调查,发现收入、保险价格、对保险的认知、职业情况、罹患慢性病及其对基本医疗保险的了解程度等是影响高收入者对这两种方案意愿参保的主要因素;需求价格弹性分别为-1.07和-1.29。覆盖特需服务的补充医疗保险应注重个性化和多样化需求,并需注意逆向选择。     

成都市补充医疗保险办法及职工参保情况分析

对成都市现行4种补充医疗保险办法进行比较分析,并分别比较不同社会经济状况职工的补充医疗保险参保率,为完善和发展补充医疗保险提供参考依据。     

补充医疗保险与主体医疗保险的衔接研究

对我国补充医疗保险与主体医疗保险（城镇职工基本医疗保险）衔接的基础，衔接的空间，衔接的态势三个方面进行研究论述。     

Worker Decisions to Purchase Health Insurance

Studying worker health insurance choices is usually limited by the absence of price data for workers who decline their employer's offer. This paper uses a new Medical Expenditure Panel Survey file which links household and employer survey respondents, supplying data for both employer insurance takers and decliners. We test for whether out-of-pocket or total premium better explains worker behavior, estimate price elasticities with observed prices and with imputed prices, and test for worker sorting among jobs with and without health insurance. We find that out-of-pocket price dominates, that there is some upward bias from estimating elasticities with imputed premiums rather than observed premiums, and that workers do sort among jobs but this does not affect elasticity estimates appreciably. Like earlier studies with less representative worker samples, we find worker price elasticity of demand to be quite low. This suggests that any premium subsidies must be large to elicit much change in worker take-up behavior.     

补充医疗保险对卫生资源利用公平性影响的思考

在基本医疗保险的基础上大力发展补充医疗保险是国家一项非常重要举措，针对发展补充医疗保险对医疗保险公平性可能造成的正面以及负面影响进行了探讨，认为要提高医疗保险的公平性，发展补充医疗保险，当前应该以提高人群覆盖面为主，防止一些国有企事业单位的“单位医疗福利”现象，并对国家发展补充医疗保险提出一些政策性建议。     

从需求弹性实证的角度谈我国医疗卫生改革

通过实证的方法得出我国医疗卫生具有较低的需求价格弹性和较高的需求收入弹性,分别为-0.1017和0.9547;在此基础上,分析高收入弹性导致在收入增长的情况下需求的快速增长,而供给增长的缓慢造成供需缺口,形成现在“看病难”的局面,需求的低价格弹性加上供给方的诱导需求导致了不必要的费用的上升,造成“看病贵”现象;为政府在医疗卫生领域中的政策制定提供依据,并给出一种可行的医疗卫生改革方案。     

威海市城镇职工基本医疗保险改革方案对卫生服务需求行为影响研究

从需方的需求行为研究出发，分析职工医疗保险制度改革后的需求行为变化，从需方入手重塑医疗保障的微观基础，推动整个医疗保险体系持续、稳定、协调发展。     

Health insurance take-up by the near-elderly

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of price on the demand for health insurance by early retirees between the ages of 55 and 64. DATA SOURCE: Administrative health plan enrollment data from a medium-sized U.S. employer. STUDY DESIGN: The analysis takes advantage of a natural experiment created by the firm's health insurance contribution policy. The amount the firm contributes toward retiree health insurance coverage depends on when a person retired and her years of service at that date. As a result of this policy, there is considerable variation in out-of-pocket premiums faced by individuals in the data. This variation is independent of the nonprice attributes of the health insurance plans offered and is plausibly exogenous to individual characteristics that are likely to affect the demand for insurance. A probit model is used to estimate the decision to take-up employer-sponsored health insurance by early retirees between the ages of 55 and 64. Demand for insurance is measured as a function of out-of-pocket premiums and a set of individual characteristics. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We find that price has a small but statistically significant effect on the decision to take up coverage. Estimated price elasticities range from -0.10 to -0.16, depending on the sample. CONCLUSIONS: The implied elasticities are comparable with results found in previous studies using very different data. Our estimates indicate that policy proposals for a Medicare buy-in or a nongroup tax credit will have a modest impact on take-up rates of near-elderly retirees.     

我国城乡门诊医疗服务需求弹性研究

目的：了解我国城乡居民门诊医疗服务需求弹性,为政府部门提供相应的政策和战略依据。方法：利用需求的弹性经济学模型对影响门诊医疗服务需求的因素进行分析。结果：价格和收入对门诊医疗服务需求均有显著性影响,城市地区的价格弹性系数和收入弹性系数分别是-0．518和0．600,农村地区分别是-0．498和0．298。结论：政府在对医疗服务机构进行调控时,要兼顾价格和收入的影响。     

The Role of Product Design in Consumers' Choices in the Individual Insurance Market

Objective. To evaluate the role of health plan benefit design and price on consumers' decisions to purchase health insurance in the nongroup market and their choice of plan.
Data Sources and Study Setting. Administrative data from the three largest nongroup insurers in California and survey data about those insured in the nongroup market and the uninsured in California.
Study Design. We fit a nested logit model to examine the effects of plan characteristics on consumer choice while accounting for substitutability among certain groups of products.
Principal Findings. Product choice is quite sensitive to price. A 10 percent decrease in the price of a product would increase its market share by about 20 percent. However, a 10 percent decrease in prices of all products would only increase overall market participation by about 4 percent. Changes in the generosity of coverage will also affect product choice, but have only small effects on overall participation. A 20 percent decrease in the deductible or maximum out-of-pocket payment of all plans would increase participation by about 0.3–0.5 percent. Perceived information search costs and other nonprice barriers have substantial effects on purchase of nongroup coverage.
Conclusions. Modest subsidies will have small effects on purchase in the nongroup market. New product designs with higher deductibles are likely to be more attractive to healthy purchasers, but the new benefit designs are likely to have only small effects on market participation. In contrast, consumer education efforts have a role to play in helping to expand coverage.     

对中国居民卷烟需求的新估计

利用1980-2002年的全国集合数据及2002年一项全国27个省(直辖市、自治区)吸烟调查的个人断面数据(16056个样本点)，采用对数一线性模型和两部模型重新估计了中国居民的卷烟需求，2种方法估计的需求价格弹性大都为-0．15。这一结果比20世纪90年代的估计结果(-0．50—0．80)大大降低了，但与国外的最新估计结果(0．00～-0．15)非常接近；并利用新估计的弹性说明了提高卷烟税10．00％(0．31元)带来减少卷烟消费(40．71万箱)又增加政府税收(302．72亿元)的双重效果。