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1.
A. Aparicio F. Robles A. M. López-Sobaler R. M. Ortega 《European journal of nutrition》2013,52(3):1059-1066
Background
Depression is a very common disorder in elderly, especially in those institutionalized. Nutrition could play an important role in the onset and/or progression of depression, since the intake of carbohydrates with a high glycaemic index (GI) or diets with a high glycaemic load (GL) may increase the insulin-induced brain serotonin secretion.Objective
The aim of our study was to analyse the association between dietary GI and GL and the odds of suffering depression in institutionalized elderly people without antidepressant treatment.Methods
This cross-sectional study included 140 institutionalized elderly people from the Madrid region (Spain) (65–90 years of age) whose diets were recorded using a precise weighing method over seven consecutive days. Energy and nutrient intakes were recorded and the GI and GL calculated. The participants’ affective capacity was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Subjects were grouped into non-depressed (GDS ≤ 5) and depressed (GDS > 5). Since GDS scores and gender were statistically associated (p < 0.01), the data were grouped considering this association.Results
Dietary GI (51.09 ± 3.80) and GL (97.54 ± 13.46) were considered as medium. The dietary GL was significantly higher in the non-depressed (100.00 ± 12.13) compared with the depressed group (93.97 ± 14.04, p < 0.01). However, a similar GI was observed between non-depressed (51.50 ± 3.29) and depressed groups (50.52 ± 4.46). Additionally, participants with a dietary GL placed in the second and third tertiles had a 67.4 % and 65.3 %, respectively, less odds of suffering depression than those in the first tertile. GDS scores and dietary GL were inversely related; therefore, an increase in one unit in the dietary GL scale decreased the GDS score by 0.058 units.Conclusions
Glyaemic load is associated with a lower odd of depression. 相似文献2.
Y. Selvamani Perianayagam Arokiasamy Mamta Chaudhary Himanshu 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2018,26(6):697-707
Background
Sleep is an important predictor of health and quality of life. This study examined the association between sleep problems and sleep duration with self-rated poor health and grip strength among respondents aged 50 years and above in India and China.Methods: The data for this study were derived from the first wave of WHO’s Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE), a nationally representative panel survey conducted in six LMICs. Grip strength and poor self-rated health were the main outcome variables, while sleep problems and sleep duration were the main predictors. Multivariate logistic regression models and ordinary least squares regression models were used to understand the association between sleep problems and sleep duration with poor self-rated health and grip strength.Results
Sleep problems and sleep duration were strongly and significantly associated with poor self-rated health and grip strength in India and China. Compared to older adults with no sleep problems, the odds ratio for poor self-rated health among older adults with sleep problems was 4.86 (95% CI?=?4.12, 5.73, p?<?0.01) and 5.06 (95% CI?=?3.93, 6.51, p?<?0.01) higher for India and China, respectively. The likelihood of reporting poor health was higher among older adults who got ≤ 6 or 10+ h of sleep in both India and China. A negative and significant association was found between longer sleep duration and grip strength only in China (β?=??1.19, 95% CI?=??1.78, ?0.60, p?<?0.01).Conclusion
We observed a significant association between sleep problems and sleep duration with poor self-rated health and grip strength. Results suggested that sleep problems are important factors in determining the health of older adults in low- and middle-income countries.3.
Mohammad Khayatzadeh Mahani Masood Karimloo Susan Amirsalari 《Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy》2011,21(1):9-14
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Modified Adeli suit therapy (MAST) on improvement of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods
Thirty-six children with CP assigned by match pairs to three equal groups such as the MAST, the AST, and the Neurodevelopmental Treatment. They were treated for 4 weeks, 2 hr/d, 5 d/wk. All children were tested by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) at baseline, immediately before and 16 weeks after treatments.Results
All groups had improvement in the GMFM after treatment (p < .01) and there were significant differences among groups (p < .01). In the follow-up study, no significant improvement in the GMFM was seen within groups (p > .05), but again there were significant differences among groups (p < .01).Conclusion
The MAST was more effective than using either the AST or the Neurodevelopmental treatment on improvement of gross motor function in children with CP after treatment and at follow-up. 相似文献4.
Chamara Visanka Senaratna Dallas R. English Dianne Currier Jennifer L. Perret Adrian Lowe Caroline Lodge Melissa Russell Sashane Sahabandu Melanie C. Matheson Garun S. Hamilton Shyamali C. Dharmage 《BMC public health》2016,16(3):1029
Background
Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common disorder with under-rated clinical impact, which is increasingly being recognised as having a major bearing on global disease burden. Men are especially vulnerable and become a priority group for preventative interventions. However, there is limited information on prevalence of the condition in Australia, its co-morbidities, and potential risk factors.Methods
We used data from 13,423 adult men included in the baseline wave of Ten to Men, an Australian national study of the health of males, assembled using stratified cluster sampling with oversampling from rural and regional areas. Those aged 18–55 years self-completed a paper-based questionnaire that included a question regarding health professional-diagnosed sleep apnoea, physical and mental health status, and health-related behaviours. Sampling weights were used to account for the sampling design when reporting the prevalence estimates. Odds ratios were used to describe the association between health professional-diagnosed sleep apnoea and potential correlates while adjusting for age, country of birth, and body-mass index (BMI).Results
Prevalence of self-reported health professional-diagnosed sleep apnoea increased from 2.2 % in age 18–25 years to 7.8 % in the age 45–55 years. Compared with those without sleep apnoea, those with sleep apnoea had significantly poorer physical, mental, and self-rated health as well as lower subjective wellbeing and poorer concentration/remembering (p?<?0.001 for all). Sleep apnoea was significantly associated with older age (p?<?0.001), unemployment (p?<?0.001), asthma (p?=?0.011), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/chronic bronchitis (p?=?0.002), diabetes (p?<?0.001), hypercholesterolemia (p?<?0.001), hypertension (p?<?0.001), heart attack (p?<?0.001), heart failure (p?<?0.001), angina (p?<?0.001), depression (p?<?0.001), post-traumatic stress disorder (p?<?0.001), other anxiety disorders (p?<?0.001), schizophrenia (p?=?0.002), overweight/obesity (p?<?0.001), insufficient physical activity (p?=?0.006), smoking (p?=?0.005), and high alcohol consumption (p?<?0.001).Conclusion
Health professional-diagnosed sleep apnoea is relatively common, particularly in older males. Associations between sleep apnoea and cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, and psychiatric disorders have important clinical and public health implications. As men are especially vulnerable to sleep apnoea as well as some of its chronic co-morbidities, they are potentially a priority group for health interventions. Modifiable lifestyle related factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, level of physical activity and BMI are possible key foci for interventions.5.
Jennifer Burris James M. Shikany William Rietkerk Kathleen Woolf 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(10):1874-1885
Background
A high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diet may stimulate acne proliferative pathways by influencing biochemical factors associated with acne. However, few randomized controlled trials have examined this relationship, and this process is not completely understood.Objective
This study examined changes in biochemical factors associated with acne among adults with moderate to severe acne after following a low GI and GL diet or usual eating plan for 2 weeks.Design
This study utilized a parallel randomized controlled design to compare the effect of a low GI and GL diet to usual diet on biochemical factors associated with acne (glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor [IGF]-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein [IGFBP]-3) and insulin resistance after 2 weeks.Participants
Sixty-six participants were randomly allocated to the low GI and GL diet (n=34) or usual eating plan (n=32) and included in the analyses.Main outcome measures
The primary outcomes were biochemical factors of acne and insulin resistance with dietary intake as a secondary outcome.Statistical analyses
Independent sample t tests assessed changes in biochemical factors associated with acne, dietary intake, and body composition pre- and postintervention, comparing the two dietary interventions.Results
IGF-1 concentrations decreased significantly among participants randomized to a low GI and GL diet between pre- and postintervention time points (preintervention=267.3±85.6 mg/mL, postintervention=244.5±78.7 ng/mL) (P=0.049). There were no differences in changes in glucose, insulin, or IGFBP-3 concentrations or insulin resistance between treatment groups after 2 weeks. Carbohydrate (P=0.019), available carbohydrate (P<0.001), percent energy from carbohydrate (P<0.001), GI (P<0.001), and GL (P<0.001) decreased significantly among participants following a low GI/GL diet between the pre- and postintervention time points. There were no differences in changes in body composition comparing groups.Conclusions
In this study, a low GI and GL diet decreased IGF-1 concentrations, a well-established factor in acne pathogenesis. Further research of a longer duration should examine whether a low GI and GL diet would result in a clinically meaningful difference in IGF-1 concentrations leading to a reduction in acne. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02913001. 相似文献6.
Jiao Wang Peymane Adab Weijia Liu Yajun Chen Bai Li Rong Lin Wei Liu Kar Keung Cheng Miranda Pallan 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2017,27(11):531-537
Background
Short sleep duration has been reported to be associated with obesity in children, but findings are not consistent. Since few studies have examined the relationship between more complex sleep characteristics and obesity, we examined the association between adiposity and self-reported sleep duration, bedtime, and sleep quality in 9–12-year-old Chinese children using multilevel mixed models.Methods
5518 children aged 9–12 years were recruited from 29 randomly selected primary schools in Guangzhou, China in 2014. Standardized questionnaires were used to obtain data to estimate sleep duration on typical weekdays and weekends. Sleep quality data were collected using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Trained researchers undertook measurements of weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) for all participating children. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores were derived using the World Health Organization (WHO) child growth reference, and children were classified as overweight or obese using +1 and +2 SD as cut-offs, respectively. Percentage body fat (BF%) was calculated using bioelectrical impedance.Results
Longer sleep duration was inversely associated with BMI z-score (β = ?0.16, p < 0.05), WC (β = ?1.11, p < 0.05) and later bedtime was associated with higher BMI z-score (β = 0.03, p < 0.05), WC (β = 1.72, p < 0.001), and BF% (β = 0.15, p < 0.05) in multivariable multilevel mixed models, after adjustment for age, gender, physical activity, parental education level, and average monthly income. No association was seen between sleep quality and adiposity.Conclusion
Shorter sleep duration and later bedtime are associated with higher adiposity indices in early adolescents from southern China. 相似文献7.
Rondanelli M Opizzi A Antoniello N Boschi F Iadarola P Pasini E Aquilani R Dioguardi FS 《Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)》2011,30(5):571-577
Background & aims
This study assessed the efficacy of supplemented essential amino acids on depressive symptoms, nutrition, muscle function, daily physical activity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of institutionalized elderly patients.Methods
Forty-one patients (58.5% women; mean age 79.8 yrs) with sequelae of coronary artery disease (73%), femoral fracture (34%), were randomly assigned to receive oral essential amino acids 4 gr 2 times a day for 8 weeks or isocaloric placebo. Before randomization and 8 weeks after the protocol started, the following variables were measured: depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS), nutritional panel (Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA; serum albumin and prealbumin levels), muscle strength (Hand Grip, HG), Activity Daily Life (ADL), Quality of Life (SF-36, HRQoL) and amino acid profile.Results
Compared with the placebo group, EAA patients improved nutrition (MNA score 22.6 ± 1.5 post vs 21.8 ± 1.6 pre; p < 0. 04, albumin g/dl 4.04 ± 0.35 post vs 3.88 ± 0.3 pre; p < 0.01), GDS(score 10.3 ± 1.75 post vs 13.85 ± 3.37 pre; p < 0.001), HG (Kg 19.75 ± 1.7 post vs 18.68 ± 1.36 pre; p = 0.001), ADL (p < 0.04) and both physical and mental components of SF-36 (p < 0.002).Conclusions
Oral supplementation with essential amino acids improved several determinants of quality of life in institutionalized elderly patients, including depressive symptoms, nutrition, muscle function and daily life activity. 相似文献8.
Jimmy Chun-Yu Louie Victoria Flood Nicole TurnerChristopher Everingham B.Nutr.Diet. A.P.D. Josephine Gwynn 《Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)》2011,27(1):59-64
Objective
To describe a standardized method to assign glycemic index (GI) values to food items, obtained from 3 × 24-h recalls among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous Australian children, which can be adapted for use with simple food composition databases.Methods
Four published GI databases were used as the source of GI values. Changes were made to a previously published methodology for GI value assignment to accommodate the needs of the Many Rivers Diabetes Prevention Project.Results
There were 1132 food items in the recall database. Two hundred nineteen (19.3%) food items were directly linked to the FoodWorks GI database and 545 (48.1%) items were assigned the GI value of a “closely related” food item in the four GI databases used. Among the top carbohydrate contributors, 113 (35.3%) items have a direct linkage with the FoodWorks GI database. The mean ± SEM dietary GI and glycemic load (GL) of the study population resulting from this methodology are 57.5 ± 0.3 and 143.4 ± 2.6, respectively.Conclusion
This simple method provides opportunities for countries without food composition database that are comprehensive for GI/GL but which contain accurate information on carbohydrates in foods to assign high-quality GI values to food items in epidemiological studies based on 24-h recalls. 相似文献9.
Anne Boney Heather E. Elser Heidi J. Silver 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(3):440-447
Background
Sucrose-isomaltase deficiency (SID) remains underdiagnosed. Absent or reduced enzyme activity promotes diarrhea, abdominal bloating, and flatulence from undigested and malabsorbed disaccharides. Frequency and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms may be associated with the type of carbohydrates consumed.Objective
To characterize the dietary intakes of patients treated with sacrosidase (Sucraid; QOL Medical) for SID and determine relationships between type of carbohydrates, sacrosidase dose, and gastrointestinal symptoms.Design
A prospective 30-day observational study.Participants/setting
Forty-nine patients treated with sacrosidase for ≥3 months were recruited from the enzyme manufacturer’s nationwide clinical database between November 2014 and August 2015.Main outcome measures
Dietary energy and nutrient intakes reported during 24-hour diet recall interviews, frequency and severity of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and sacrosidase dose.Statistical analyses performed
Relationships between nutrient intakes, sacrosidase dose, and GI symptoms were evaluated using Spearman ρ correlation coefficients.Results
Sacrosidase dose averaged 5.2±3.1 mL/day. Participants reported 1.3±0.9 bowel movements daily. Having less frequent GI symptoms was associated with higher sacrosidase intake. Energy intakes averaged 1,562.5±411.5 kcal/day in children, 1,964.7±823.6 kcal/day in adolescents, and 1,952.6±546.5 kcal/day in adults. Macronutrient composition averaged 44% carbohydrate, 39% fat, and 17% protein. Average carbohydrate composition was 35% starch, 8% fiber, and 59% sugars. Sucrose and fructose intakes were not associated with GI symptoms. Lactose intake was associated with diarrhea. Maltose intake was associated with nausea, distension, and reflux.Conclusions
Intakes were lower in carbohydrates and higher in fat compared with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges. Sucrose and fructose intakes were not associated with GI symptoms. Higher maltose and lactose intakes were associated with GI symptom frequency and severity. These findings provide evidence to guide nutrition counseling for patients treated for SID. 相似文献10.
Elaine Cristina Marqueze Melissa Araújo Ulhôa Claudia Roberta Castro Moreno 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2014,87(3):229-239