延边地区朝鲜族和汉族学生血压与肥胖关系的研究

目的：摸清延边地区朝鲜族和汉这生血压与肥胖关系。方法：采用整抽样方法，对延边的区朝、汉族中学、高中学生１６９７名体格指标进行了调查。结果：朝鲜族学生血压偏高率高于当地汉族。体重及ＢＭＩ对血压的影响较大。结论：通过本文研究揭示，延边地区必须加强学校卫生保健。如血压偏高及肥胖的早期预防等。     

我国17～21岁男青年血压水平的地区差异

目的通过大样本的抽样调查,观察和比较我国不同地区17～21 a男青年血压偏高的地区分布特点.方法以正常普通人群儿童青少年血压的95%分位数和WHO规定的成人临界高血压的诊断标准,将血压偏高划分为不同类型,采用SPSS11.0软件,用逐步回归分析方法分析血压与体格测量指标、机能指标、地理因素间的关系.结果全国血压偏高的检出率为13.3%,明显偏高的检出率为5.0%.不同地区血压、血压偏高的检出率存在差异,华北、东北地区的平均血压最高、血压偏高的检出率最大,分别为25.9%和14.7%,明显偏高的检出率分别为10.5和5.7%,西南地区的平均血压最低,血压偏高的检出率最低,为5.2%,明显偏高的检出率为2.3%.逐步回归分作者徐勇勇析结果,身高、体重指数(BMI)、年龄、心率、肺活量、经济状况为正影响;年平均气温、海拔高度和降雨量为负影响(P＜0.01).结论血压偏高的检出率存在地区差异,血压受体型和居住地区影响,同时血压也影响着心肺功能.     

潍坊市城区部分9～11岁儿童血压调查

[目的 ]了解潍坊市城区儿童血压状况 ,为高血压的防治提供科学依据。[方法 ] 2 0 0 1年对潍坊市城区 14 69名 9～ 11岁儿童进行血压调查。 [结果 ]调查 14 69名儿童 ,收缩压或舒张压≥年龄组的P95的 2 5 7例 ,血压偏高发生率为17 49%。偏相关分析显示 ,儿童血压与身高和胸围呈正相关关系 (P <0 0 1) ,与年龄、性别、体重无相关关系 (P >0 0 5 )。 [结论 ]潍坊市城区儿童血压偏高率较高 ,在筛选血压偏高儿童时应考虑身高、胸围对血压的影响。     

2021年湖南省中学生超重肥胖与血压的关联性研究

目的 调查湖南省中学生超重肥胖与血压偏高的流行现状、影响因素及关联性，为中学生超重肥胖和血压偏高的防控提供科学依据。方法 于2021年采取多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取省内30 530名中学生进行体格检查和问卷调查，通过χ²检验、logistic回归控制混杂因素并分析超重肥胖与血压偏高的影响因素和关联性。结果 2021年湖南省中学生总超重肥胖率27.90%、血压偏高率10.01%。男生超重肥胖率(31.95%)和血压偏高率(10.41%)均显著高于女生(超重肥胖率：23.72%;血压偏高率：9.59%)。不同中学类型(χ²=39.270,P<0.001)、一周内60 min以上中高强度运动天数(χ²=6.427,P=0.040)、BMI等级(χ²=770.706,P<0.001)之间血压偏高检出率差异有统计学意义；BMI等级与血压偏高具有一定相关性，且随着BMI等级的升高，血压偏高的风险随之增加(R=0.142,P<0.001)。超重、肥胖的中学生血压偏高的风险分别是BMI指数正常者...     

1991—1995年中国大学生血压偏高发生率的动态分析

利用1991年和1995年两次全国学生体质健康监测资料进行的大学生血压偏高发生率动态分析结果表明，1995年城乡男女生收缩压和舒张压均值都略上升，而各类血压偏高的检出率也有增长趋势，但增加者大多是收缩压或／和舒张压≥正常值P95的轻度血压偏高者。地区差异分析显示华北、东北、华东、西北地区大学生中血压偏高发生率相对高，而中南、西南地区较低。分析了近年来大学生中血压偏高发生率上升的原因．并就高校保健中的心血管病早期防治措施提出建议。     

海岛地区6～13岁儿童血压及相关因素调查

目的 为了解海岛地区6～13岁儿童血压的现状及其相关因素，对血压偏高儿童实施有效地干预。方法 对海岛地区3536例6～13岁儿童进行相关情况的问卷调查和血压测量，并进行统计学分析。结果 海岛地区6～13岁儿童高血压检出率为6.3％，其中，男童6．2％，女童6．4%。不同居住区域儿童高血压检出率分别为：城区8．0％，农区6．5％，渔区2．2％。结论 体重超重、缺少运动、不良饮食习惯等为儿童高血压的主要影响因素。     

儿童期血压偏高危险因素的干预研究

为了解早期干预对于儿童血压及血脂水平的影响，对70名8～11岁血压偏高的儿童进行了为期一年的生活习惯干预。结果表明：生活习惯干预能显著降低血压偏高儿童的血压及血清总胆固醇水平。从而提示：加强儿童期血压偏高危险因素的监测与干预是十分必要的。     

中国学龄初期儿童血压的流行病学研究

本研究为分析我国学龄初儿童血压偏高的发生率、地区分布特点及影响因素．抽选了29个省会市7～8岁男女学童23434人．作人群流行病学分析。按血压百分位数的P95筛检出8．5%的收缩压和4．0%的舒张压偏高儿童。检出率华北最高，华东最低。相关分析和组间方差分析提示体重、身高和BMI指数与儿童血压间有显著正相关；提示高血压一级预防应从学龄初儿童开始。     

山东省7~17岁儿童青少年血压现状及相关因素分析

目的 了解山东省学龄儿童血压偏高现状及相关影响因素,为防治儿童高血压提供依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取山东省6 895名7~17岁儿童进行血压和相关指标的测量,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果 男女生收缩压和舒张压平均水平均随年龄增加而上升;总体上男生血压水平高于女生(P<0.001)。采用中国儿童血压参照标准,其血压偏高检出率为23.0%。男生高于女生,城市高于乡村,13~17岁组高于7~12岁组,超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖组高于正常组(P<0.001)。偏相关分析显示,血压与身高、体重、胸围、腰围、皮褶厚度、腰身比、体重指数、心率、肺活量呈正相关(P<0.05),与肺活量体重指数呈负相关(P<0.01),其中体重与血压的相关性最强。与血压正常者相比,血压偏高者身材较高,体形偏胖,肺通气功能偏低。结论 超重肥胖和腹型肥胖是儿童高血压的重要危险因素。     

超重肥胖与血压、血糖和血脂关系分析

目的：探讨体质指数BMI对血压、血糖及血脂的影响。方法：将调查对象按性别、年龄和BMI分组，分析各组的血压、血糖和血脂的差异，并用偏相关分析这些因素与BMI的相关程度。结果：随年龄增加，超重肥胖的现患率明显增加；在各个年龄段，超重肥胖组的收缩压、舒张压、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯的均值及其异常率均比正常组高，且大多达到显著差异水平；女性胆固醇、甘油三酯的均值及其异常率比男性高。结论：男女性BMI与血压（舒张压）、血糖、血脂（甘油三酯）均存在相关关系。     

Geographical and socioeconomic distribution of high blood pressure and borderline high blood pressure in a Swedish rural county

This report on "high" blood pressure (HBP) and "borderline high" blood pressure (BHBP) is based on a cross-sectional study in a rural Swedish county. The study was initiated in the Spring of 1977, selecting 7986 individuals aged 25-75 years, in 5-year intervals, in the 16 municipalities of Skaraborg County. A combination of health examination and a survey using polling of the population by interview was used. The blood pressure values that are presented are based on a casual measurement taken after a 5-minute rest period. The limits of HBP and BHBP correspond to the Swedish standard limits. Only a few researchers in Sweden have focused on the correlation between socioeconomic factors and hypertension. Moreover, few examinations have been made internationally concerning the correlation between socioeconomic factors and borderline hypertension. There was a significant variation in mean values of high blood pressure when comparing socioeconomic groups and comparing occupations. These differences associated with educational level were more pronounced for women than for men. Workers, especially men and persons with less formal education, had the highest mean blood pressure. Significant differences between socioeconomic groups existed even after adjustment for age, sex, weight index, smoking and treatment of hypertension. The socioeconomic differences constitute the most plausible explanation of differences seen between municipalities. "Borderline high" blood pressure was more prevalent than "high" blood pressure. Socioeconomic differences were greater within the borderline high blood pressure group than in the high blood pressure group. i.e., the differences between workers and civil servants were somewhat greater in the borderline high blood pressure group. Since there are socioeconomic differences, it might be possible to concentrate preventive activities in local communities on risk groups.     

Spouse similarities in high blood pressure knowledge: implications for control of high blood pressure

This study describes the general knowledge about high blood pressure of husbands and wives using data from all 1,260 white spouse pairs from the 1982 Connecticut Blood Pressure Survey and examines the relationship between high blood pressure knowledge and control of hypertension. We found the average level of knowledge to be high; about 70% of the items were answered correctly. The correlation between spouses' knowledge about high blood pressure was significantly high (r = .41). Multiple regression analysis was used to control for other variables that might influence the spousal correlation in knowledge. When controlling for education, age, socioeconomic status, and hypertension status of both spouses, the correlation between spouses' knowledge remained significant (r = .24). Respondents' knowledge and spouses' knowledge about high blood pressure were significantly related to high blood pressure control among hypertensive persons, particularly to being aware of hypertension and being in current treatment.     

长沙市岳麓区初中入学儿童血压偏高影响因素的性别差异

目的 调查长沙市岳麓区初中入学儿童血压偏高患病率,探索影响血压偏高的因素和不同因素之间的性别差异。方法 采用方便抽样的方法于2019年7—8月在长沙市岳麓区抽取3所中学的初中入学体检人员1 019名作为调查对象进行体格检查、问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归分析影响血压偏高的因素和性别差异。结果 1 012名有血压数据的调查对象中血压偏高检出人数为257人,检出率为25.40%。多因素logistic回归模型结果显示,与儿童血压偏高有关的因素有超重或肥胖(OR=2.360)、每日在校体育锻炼时间≥2 h(OR=1.735)、吃油炸及甜食过多(OR=1.470),均为血压偏高的危险因素。在这些因素中,对男性儿童血压偏高有影响的为超重或肥胖(OR=1.797)、每日玩电子游戏时间过长(OR=1.711);对女性儿童血压偏高有影响的为超重或肥胖(OR=4.307)、吃油炸及甜食(OR=2.884)、每日在校体育锻炼时间≥2 h(OR=3.093)。结论 儿童血压偏高的影响因素具有明显性别差异。超重或肥胖增加为男女生发生血压偏高风险共有危险因素。每日玩电子游戏时间过长为男生独有危险因素,而吃油炸甜食过多和每日在校体育锻炼时间≥2 h为女生独有危险因素,建议对不同性别儿童采取针对性的血压偏高防控措施。     

某地区公务员的体重质数与血压血脂指标的相关性研究

目的　探索沿海某地区公务员体重指数与血压、血脂指标水平的相关性及其年龄、性别分布特征。方法　利用本地区公务员体检相关数据 ,在SAS软件包支持下做相关分析。结果　体重指数 (BMI)与血压指数 (舒张压、收缩压和脉压 )和血脂指标 [甘油三酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL C)和低密度脂蛋白 (LDL C) ]均呈现高度显著性(P <0 0 1) ,其中在男性中青年年龄段群体这种相关性最为突出。结论　多食肥胖是心脑血管病的危险行为问题 ,当前特别要注意中青年群体的多食肥胖问题。     

血压身高比筛查青春期儿童青少年血压偏高效果评价

分析血压身高比性别分类法、年龄分类法和年龄性别分类法筛查青春期血压偏高的效果,为预防儿童青少年高血压提供依据.方法 对参与黑龙江省佳木斯市中小学常规体检的10~17岁汉族学生26 068名进行生长发育指标测量,采用受试者工作特征曲线确定3种方法筛查血压偏高的最佳临界值,计算曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度、特异度、阳性似然比(+LR)、阴性似然比(-LR)、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)、Kappa值用于评价.结果 儿童青少年血压偏高检出率为22.7%.筛查青春期血压偏高时,性别分类法的AUC、灵敏度、特异度、+LR、-LR、PPV、NPV、Kappa值分别为0.87,95.0%,79.1%,4.56,0.06,57.2%,98.2%,0.60;年龄分类法分别为0.89,93.3%,84.5%,6.04,0.08,64.0%,97.7%,0.67;年龄性别分类法分别为0.90,94.3%,85.5%,6.52,0.07,65.7%,98.1%,0.69.3种方法灵敏度、特异度及阴性预测值较高,但阳性预测值较低.年龄性别分类法的AUC和Kappa值最高,性别分类法最低.结论 年龄性别分类法筛查效果最好,但相对复杂;年龄分类法筛查效果良好且更加简便.推荐采用2种方法筛查青春期血压偏高.     

山东省儿童青少年血压偏高的流行分布

目的分析山东省儿童青少年血压偏高的流行分布,为成年期高血压相关疾病的早期预防提供依据。方法依据2010年山东省学生体质健康调研资料,分析7～17岁儿童青少年血压水平和血压偏高的检出情况。结果山东省7～17岁儿童青少年血压偏高的检出率分别为28.58%(城男)、23.85%(乡男)、20.99%(城女)和19.68(乡女),城市高于乡村,男生高于女生,城乡及性别差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。儿童青少年血压水平与体重状况关系密切,收缩压和舒张压均表现为肥胖组>超重组>体重正常组。血压偏高的总检出率表现为肥胖组(男48.97%,女40.91%)>超重组(男36.96%,女31.22%)>体重正常组(男24.29%,女21.05%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论儿童青少年血压偏高已成为严重的健康问题,控制青少年超重肥胖是预防血压偏高的关键。     

利津县中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱胺酸血症相关性的研究

目的通过观察利津县中青年体质量指数(BMI)、血压及血清同型半胱胺酸(HCY)水平,探讨中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高HCY血症的相关性。方法选择利津县750例健康查体的中青年,计算BMI、监测血压及检测血清HCY(采用循环酶法)水平,根据分组情况进行统计学分析。结果①750例中青年超重和肥胖的检出率为43.20%,其中超重31.07%、肥胖12.13%;男性超重和/或肥胖的检出率均明显高于女性(P<0.01)。②750例中青年高血压及高HCY血症的检出率分别为17.07%、9.73%;超重和肥胖者分别为28.09%(91/324)和19.75%(64/324),分别显著高于正常组(P<0.01);超重组、肥胖组分别显著高于正常组(P<0.01);肥胖组也分别显著高于超重组(P<0.01)。③血压(收缩压、舒张压)及血清HCY水平与BMI值呈显著正相关(r=0.639、0.515、0.497,P<0.01),其相关性良好。结论利津县中青年尤其是男性超半数存在超重或肥胖,高血压及高HCY血症与BMI相关,超重和肥胖者高血压及高HCY血症的发生率高,应积极防治高血压及高HCY血症。     

Increased blood pressure in schoolchildren related to high sodium levels in drinking water.

The relationship between sodium in drinking water and blood pressure was examined in 348 schoolchildren aged 7.7 to 11.7 years. They were born and living in three areas with different levels of sodium in the public drinking water. Sodium content of the water was either long-term low, long-term high, or short-term high. The three communities are closely comparable according to demographic characteristics. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the high sodium areas. After adjustment for dissimilarities in distributions of weight, height, pulse rate, age, family history of hypertension, and time of blood pressure measurement, these differences remained constant, ranging from 1.8 to 4.0 mm Hg. Girls and boys showed essentially the same differences. Mean 24-hour sodium excretion was somewhat higher in the long-term low area; no differences were found in sodium-creatinine ratio. The regression coefficients between sodium excretion and blood pressure were not significant. The findings from this retrospective follow-up study support the hypothesis that sodium intake influences blood pressure. The association seems to be of a relatively short-term nature, as no differences in blood pressure levels were found between the long-term and short-term high areas.     

Biased appraisal of high blood pressure

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of individuals' beliefs concerning their own blood pressure level on their appraisals of the seriousness of high blood pressure. In Experiment 1, 40 college students had their blood pressure measured and were randomly assigned to receive either high or normal blood pressure feedback. Afterward, they were asked to rate the seriousness of high blood pressure. Subjects who were given high blood pressure feedback rated the disorder as a less serious threat to health than did those subjects who received normal feedback. The results were replicated in Experiment 2 among a second sample of college students. Experiment 2 also revealed that minimization is associated with the belief that hypertension is an acute or cyclical condition. These experimental findings confirm clinical evidence that minimization is a common initial reaction to threatening medical information.     

A prospective study of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in women

The relation of self-reported high blood pressure to the subsequent development of coronary heart disease and stroke was examined in a cohort of 119,963 women, aged 30-55 years, who were initially free from cardiovascular disease. Participants in the Nurses' Health Study reported high blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors on baseline questionnaires mailed in 1976. During six years of follow-up, there were 308 incident cases of coronary heart disease (66 fatal and 242 nonfatal myocardial infarctions) and 175 strokes (50 fatal and 125 nonfatal). Fatal as well as nonfatal coronary heart disease and stroke were all significantly more frequent among the women who had reported high blood pressure. After adjusting simultaneously for age and other risk factors, the relative risks were 3.5 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 2.8-4.5) for total coronary heart disease and 2.6 (95% Cl 1.8-3.5) for total stroke. This association was evident at all levels of relative weight. The results emphasize the importance of high blood pressure as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease and stroke in middle-aged women and suggest that the increased risk occurs in both lean and obese women.