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1.
本溪市大气污染与死亡率的关系   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
本溪市1993年和1994年两年总死亡率经年龄调整后为691.3/10万。比较了7个大气监测点周围各街道死亡率后、发现大气污染水平与总死亡率及3种慢性病之间都有显著相关;TSP每增加100μg/m3,总死亡率增加8%(OR的95%CI=1.02~1.14);对慢性阻塞性肺疾患(COPD)、心血管病(CHD)和脑血管病(CVD)死亡专率分别增加24%(OR的95%CI=1.04~1.44)、24%(OR的95%CI=1.08~1.41)和8%(OR的95%CI=1.00~1.15)  相似文献   

2.
武汉市前列腺癌的流行病学研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
杜树发 《卫生研究》1997,26(5):356-359
前列腺癌是欧美国家男性的主要死亡原因,我国还没有全面的发病率和死亡统计资料。为了解我国前列腺癌的流行情况,在武汉市1990~1992年前列腺癌的发病及死亡报告的基础上,收集了1990~1995年住院治疗的102例前列腺癌现患病例进行了11配比的病例对照研究。结果显示:武汉市前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率分别为1.37/10万和0.75/10万,世界人口年平均标化发病率和死亡率分别为1.10/10万和0.66/10万。泌尿系统病史〔OR=5.42,95%可信区间(CI)=1.56~18.83〕、子女数超过3个(OR=2.43,95%CI=1.17~5.02)、青壮年期每周性交超过3次(OR=3.38,95%CI=1.51~7.58)、滥用药物(OR=4.11,95%CI=1.65~10.25)、体质指数高(OR=2.58,95%CI=1.30~5.11)等是前列腺癌的危险因素,而体力劳动(OR=0.35,95%CI=0.17~0.71)、初次遗精年龄晚于18岁(OR=0.20,95%CI=0.08~0.52)等是其保护性因素。  相似文献   

3.
本文在武汉市1990~1992年前列腺癌的发病及死亡报告的基础上进行了1∶1配比的病例对照研究,结果显示武汉市前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率分别为1.37/10万和0.75/10万,世界人口年平均标化发病率和死亡率分别为1.10/10万和0.66/10万。泌尿系统病史(OR=5.42,95%可信区间=1.56~18.83)、子女数超过3个(OR=2.43,95%可信区间=1.17~5.02)、每周性交超过3次(OR=3.38,95%可信区间=1.51~7.58)、滥用药物(OR=4.11,95%可信区间=1.65~10.25)、体质指数高(OR=2.58,95%可信区间=1.30~5.11)等是前列腺癌的危险因素,而体力劳动(OR=0.35,95%可信区间=0.17~0.71)、初次遗精年龄晚于18岁(OR=0.20,95%可信区间=0.08~0.52)等是其保护性因素。  相似文献   

4.
应用上海市健康知识试卷,对上海铁路系统10个单位1174名职工,进行《工业企业健康教育读本》培训前后知识水平测试发现,培训前总错题率为16.4%,培训后明显降至3.0%,下降率为81.9%;不同职业性质群体的错题情况,厂、段工人的错题率最高(22.4%)、客运人员其次(15.7%)、医院与机关工作人员最低(6.0%),培训后分别降至3.0%、3.9%、与1.8%;各类知识错题情况,培训前传染病预防错题率最高(21.2%),其后顺序为公共卫生(16.2%)、健康与保健(15.0%)、生活与起居(13.9%),培训后分别降至2.9%、3.0%、3.1%和2.9%;肠道传染病发病率,培训当年为212.22/10万,培训后一年明显降至141.23/10万。  相似文献   

5.
通过对成都市七区两县监测点中2616例肠癌死亡率的统计学分析,总死亡率为7.00/10万,标化死亡率为6.67/10万(其中,大肠癌死亡1674例,占肠癌死亡例数构成比64%,其总死亡率4.88/10万,标化死亡率4.27/10万),均呈逐年上升趋势。男性死亡率7.67/10万,标化死亡率7.29/10万,女性死亡率6.29/10万,标化死亡率6.00/10万,男性明显高于女性(P<0.01);城区死亡率9.30/10万,郊(区)县死亡率4.94/10万,二者有显著性差异,城区高于郊(区)县(P<0.01);在2616例肠癌死亡例数中,工人、农民、干部、离退休人员占82.65%,且以45岁以上的男性居多。  相似文献   

6.
从1982年6月开始至1994年末对邹城市3个乡镇29个村的20岁以上男女村民5803人进行前瞻性定群观察吸烟、饮酒与死亡的动态情况。结果表明,男女吸烟者死亡率为37.13/10万人年,不吸烟者为12.38/10万人年,RR=3.0,95%CI为1.51~5.95(χ2=10.90,P=0.00096),AR=3.34/10万人年,AR%=66.66%,PAR=3.34/10万,PAR%=21.25%。每日吸烟量、吸烟年限与肺癌死亡间存在明显的剂量效应关系(P<0.001)。每日吸烟40支以上者的RR值是不吸烟者的7.91倍,吸烟40年以上者的RR值是不吸烟者的5.25~7.67倍。而饮酒与肺癌的死亡无联系(P>0.05)。吸烟与饮酒无协同致肺癌作用。  相似文献   

7.
云南省瑞丽市静注毒品人群HIV感染者死亡情况调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
采用回顾性前瞻研究对1989年10月~1993年10月瑞丽市静注毒品人群HIV感染者死亡情况进行调查。在观察期内,395名HIV阳性队列中死亡61人,累计死亡率15.4%;对照组192名HIV阴性静注毒品队列死亡18人,累计死亡率9.4%,两相比较差异显著(P<0.05),相对危险度(RR)1.6(95%可信区间1.0~2.5)。按死因分类后,两队列死因不明和意外死亡类别差异不显著(P>0.05),且均保持较高的主要为由吸毒过量、殴斗自杀行为所致的意外性死亡率(分别为4.7%、5.8%)。但是,在因病死亡类别,HIV阳性队列死亡率为8.4%,显著高于HIV阴性队列3.1%的水平(P<0.05),RR为2.7(95%可信区间2.1~6.1)。若去除HIV阳性队列中2名AIDS死亡病例后,比较两队列非AIDS性死亡率,HIV阳性队列为13.9%,HIV阴性队列为7.9%,差异显著(P<0.05),RR为1.7(95%可信区间1.0~2.8)。结果表明,瑞丽市的静注毒品者中,HIV阳性人群死于疾病的机会较HIV阴性人群高,其中可能包括部分漏报的AIDS病例,提示今后应加强对基层卫生人员有关AIDS诊断标准的培训。  相似文献   

8.
吸烟,饮酒与食管癌死亡关系的前瞻性定群研究   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
于1982年6月对3个乡镇29个村的20岁以上男女村民15803人前瞻性定群观察吸烟、饮酒与死亡的动态情况。结果表明,吸烟者食管癌死亡率114.87/10万人年,不吸烟者52.91/10万人年,RR为2.17,95%CI为1.53~3.07(χ2=20.11,P=0.0000073),AR=61.96/10万人年,AR%=53.94%。每日吸烟量与食管癌死亡之间存在明显的剂量-效应关系(P<0.001)。食管癌的死亡率,饮酒者为103.63/10万人年,不饮酒者为67.25/10万人年,RR为1.53,95%CI为1.08~2.16(χ2=5.94,P=0.0148)。食管癌死亡率随饮酒年限增加而升高(P<0.001),但与饮酒量不呈剂量-效应关系(P>0.05),单纯饮酒而不吸烟也未发现与食管癌有关。  相似文献   

9.
广西吸毒成瘾者丙型肝炎病毒的感染及其分子生物学研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
选择283名静脉吸毒者(IVDAs)和121名献血员(BDs)进行Anti-HCV、HCV血清基因型、HCV基因型和HCVcDNA序列的检测。结果表明,IVDAs和BDs的Anti-HCV检出率分别为91.17%和0.83%;IVDAs的HCV血清基因型为1型81.85%(221/270),2型1.48%(4/270),l+2型0.37%(1/270),不能定为1和/或2型16.30%(44/270);HCV基因型为1a型:28.6%(34/119);lb型:38.7%(46/119);2a型10.9%(13/l19);2b型14.3%(17/l19);3a型26.9%(32/119);3b型40.3%(48/119);6a型8.4%(10/119);6b型26.7%(31/119);其中14.3%的病例有4~5种不同基因亚型的混合感染现象。  相似文献   

10.
荆州市16年孕产妇死亡分析   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
对荆州市1983~1998年739例孕产妇死亡资料进行分析。结果:1983~1998年活产总数1747 307例, 孕产妇死亡739例,死亡率42.29/10万;将16年分4个阶段(1983~1986年,1987~1990年,1991~1994年,1995~ 1998年),死亡率分别为59.23/10万、34.63/10万、37.75/10万、32.06/10万;死亡率从第1阶段的59.23/10万下降至 第4阶段的32.06/10万,第1阶段与其他各阶段死亡率相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01);死于直接产科原因的构成比为 82.34%,死于间接产科原因的构成比为17.66%;直接产科原因中前3位为产后出血(61.00%)、妊高征(12.09%)及羊 水栓塞(7.20%)。  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the healthy worker effect and its component parts operate similarly for women and men. A cohort of workers from 14 synthetic vitreous fiber factories in seven countries, employed for at least 1 year between 1933 and 1977 and followed up to the early 1990s, included 375 deaths and 53,608 person-years among females and 2,568 deaths and 210,073 person-years among males. Standardized mortality ratios for all-cause and circulatory diseases were adjusted for country, age, calendar time, and gender. In addition, internal comparisons were adjusted for time since hire and employment status. The analyses addressed the following: 1) the healthy hire effect, 2) the time since hire effect, and 3) the healthy worker survivor effect. In this cohort, an overall healthy worker effect was not present in either gender. The healthy hire effect, based on standardized mortality ratios for years 1-4 since hire, was observed in males (standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 1.0) but was less in females (SMR = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.6). The relative risks increased slightly with time since hire in males but not in females. Higher mortality ratios were seen among those leaving employment than among those who remained actively employed; however, this effect was substantially greater for women (relative risk (RR) = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.8, 6.3) than men (RR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.1). The gender difference for active versus inactive status was stronger up to age 60 (men: RR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.0; women: RR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.8, 7.1) than above that age. In conclusion, it appears that there is a stronger selection of healthy men than women into the workforce, while health-related selection out of the workforce is stronger for women than men.  相似文献   

12.
Airline cabin attendants are exposed to several potential occupational hazards, including cosmic radiation. Little is known about the mortality pattern and cancer risk of these persons. The authors conducted a historical cohort study among cabin attendants who had been employed by two German airlines in 1953 or later. Mortality follow-up was completed through December 31, 1997. The authors computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for specific causes of death using German population rates. The effect of duration of employment was evaluated with Poisson regression. The cohort included 16,014 women and 4,537 men (approximately 250,000 person-years of follow-up). Among women, the total number of deaths (n = 141) was lower than expected (SMR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67, 0.94). The SMR for all cancers (n = 44) was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.17), and the SMR for breast cancer (n = 19) was 1.28 (95% CI: 0.72, 2.20). The SMR did not increase with duration of employment. Among men, 170 deaths were observed (SMR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.28). The SMR for all cancers (n = 21) was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.41, 1.18). The authors found a high number of deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SMR = 40; 95% CI: 28.9, 55.8) and from aircraft accidents among the men. In this cohort, ionizing radiation probably contributed less to the small excess in breast cancer mortality than reproductive risk factors. Occupational causes seem not to contribute strongly to the mortality of airline cabin attendants.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVES: Self-rated health (SRH) is considered a valid measure of health status as it has been shown to predict mortality in several studies. We examine whether SRH predicts mortality equally well in different socioeconomic groups. METHODS: Data (14 879 men and 5525 women) are drawn from GAZEL, a prospective cohort study of French public utility workers. Data on SRH and the socioeconomic measures (education, occupational position and income) were taken from the baseline questionnaire (1989), when the average age of individuals was 44.2 years (SD = 3.5). Mortality follow-up was available for a mean of 17.2 years and analysed over the first 10 years and over the entire follow-up period. Associations between SRH and mortality were assessed using Cox regression models using the relative index of inequality (RII) to summarize associations. RESULTS: The RII for the association between SRH and mortality over the first 10 years was 6.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.33-13.81] in the lowest occupational group and 2.10 (95% CI = 0.97-4.54) in the highest. For income, the RIIs were 8.82 (95% CI = 4.70-16.54) for the lowest and 1.80 (95% CI = 0.86-3.80) for the highest groups respectively. Findings over the full follow-up period were similar. The association between SRH and mortality was weaker in the high occupation and income groups, both in the short and the long term. The results for education were similar but generally weaker than for the other socioeconomic measures. CONCLUSIONS: The predictive ability of SRH for mortality weakens with increasing socioeconomic advantage among middle-aged individuals. Thus SRH appears not to measure 'true' health status in a similar way across socioeconomic categories.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality from lung cancer and the risk attributable to asbestos separately for asbestos cement workers and for the general (non-occupationally exposed) population in the town of Casale Monferrato, where the largest Italian asbestos cement factory had been in operation in 1907-86. According to cancer registry data, in the same town the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in the general population is about 10 times higher than in comparable Italian provinces. METHOD: Decedents from lung cancer in 1989-95 were nominally identified in the list of decedents kept at the Local Health Authority of Casale Monferrato. Workers in the asbestos cement factory have been identified with a search in the nominal list of workers and the same was done for the wives of asbestos cement workers. These lists have already been used in cohort studies. Sensitivity and specificity of the linkage procedure with occupational activity in asbestos cement production have been evaluated in a previous study. Population at risk was estimated on the basis of official figures and on the results of the cohort study of asbestos cement workers. RESULTS: 227 deaths from lung cancer were included (184 men and 43 women). Among the asbestos cement workers mortalities were 234.0 x 100,000 person-years among men and 35.5 among women. Corresponding figures in the general (non- occupationally exposed) population in Casale Monferrato were 80.6 and 18.7. The rates in the general population were not higher than in the rest of the region. Attributable risk (AR) among the asbestos cement workers (and wives) is 67.5% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 56.8 to 78.2) for men and 51.3% (95% CI 14.9 to 87.8) among women. Population AR to occupational or paraoccupational exposure in the asbestos cement production is 18.3% (95% CI 11.1 to 25.6) among men and 10.1% (95% CI 0 to 24.6) among women. CONCLUSION: This work did not show an increase in mortality from lung cancer for the population not exposed occupationally, but a large excess was found among men and women occupationally exposed in asbestos cement production. The total burden of lung cancer due to occupational exposure to asbestos may be underestimated, as only occupational exposure in asbestos cement production was taken into consideration. Nevertheless even a single factory can be responsible for a considerable proportion of deaths from lung cancer in a population.

 

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15.
There is growing recognition that reproductive patterns may have long-term health implications, although most evidence is restricted to women. The authors used register data to derive fertility histories for all Norwegian men and women born in 1935-1958. Discrete-time hazard modeling was used to analyze later-life mortality by aspects of reproductive history. A total of 63,312 deaths were observed during 14.5 million person-years of follow-up in 1980-2003, when subjects were aged 45-68 years. Models included detailed information on educational qualifications and marital status. Odds of death relative to those for subjects with two children were highest for the childless (women: odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43, 1.57; men: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.40) and next highest for those with only one child (women: OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.37; men: OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.24). Results for the parous showed a positive association between earlier parenthood and later mortality, a reverse association with late age at last birth, and an overall negative association between higher parity and mortality. The similarity of results for women and men suggests biosocial pathways underlying associations between reproductive history and health. The lack of any high-parity disadvantage suggests that in the "family friendly" Norwegian environment, the health benefits of having several children may outweigh the costs.  相似文献   

16.
Smoking,occupational exposure and mortality in workers in Guangzhou,China   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
PURPOSE: To compare the mortality risk of smoking and overall occupational exposure in Guangzhou, China. METHODS: Baseline data on smoking and occupational exposure of 82159 workers aged 30+ were retrieved from medical records established in 1988-92. Vital status and causes of death were followed through 1998. RESULTS: During follow-up 1584 workers had died. Adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for ever-smoking in men was 1.23 (1.07-1.41) for total deaths, 1.43 (1.17-1.74) for all cancer, 3.77 (2.31-6.14) for lung cancer and 2.54 (1.09-5.92) for stomach cancer (all showing significant linear trends with amount and duration of smoking). The RR in women of 1.10 (0.59-2.06) for total deaths and 1.60 (0.65-3.92) for all cancer were positive but not significant. No significant excess mortality risk was observed for occupational exposure in each gender. In both genders combined, the RR for total deaths was 1.23 (1.08-1.40) for smoking and 1.07 (0.96-1.19) for occupational exposure. If the relationships were causal, 12% of all deaths could be attributed to smoking but only 3% to occupational exposure. CONCLUSION: Smoking was more predictive of premature deaths than overall occupational exposures in middle aged workers. Smoking cessation should be a top priority in occupational health practice.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the incidence of cancer and cause-specific mortality among workers in the two Lithuanian asbestos-cement factories. METHODS: The study included 1887 asbestos-cement workers, 1285 men and 602 women, and 37000 person-years. The two factories were active from 1956 (A) and 1963 (B), and the workers were observed from 1978 to 2000. The analysis was based on a comparison between the observed and expected numbers of cancer and causes of death. The observed numbers of cancer were obtained through linkage with the national cancer registry. The date and causes of death were obtained from two different sources. The expected numbers were calculated on the basis of gender- and age-specific incidence and mortality rates in 5-year periods from the whole country. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Duration of employment and time since first exposure were used as indicators of exposure. RESULTS: During the follow-up, 1978-2000. 473 deaths were observed versus 489 expected. There was no excess risk of deaths from nonmalignant respiratory diseases, except for an elevated risk of mortality in relation to the digestive organs other than cancer, 18 observed versus 12.2 expected (95% CI 0.9-2.3). There was no excess risk for any types of cancer, except for colorectal cancer in men, 17 observed cases (SIR 1.6, 95% CI 1.6-2.6) and one case of mesothelioma in a woman. CONCLUSIONS: This study on asbestos-exposed workers did not show any excess risk of respiratory cancer or deaths of pneumoconiosis.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the relation between domestic workload and self-perceived health status among workers and to examine whether there are gender inequalities. METHODS: The selected population were the 215 men and 106 women younger than 65 years interviewed in the Terrassa Health Survey, 1998 who had a paid work and were married or cohabiting. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) by domestic workload, age and occupational social class with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Whereas among men domestic workload was not associated with health status, among women poor self-perceived health status was positively related to household size (aOR = 3.65; 95% IC = 1.06-12.54) and to lack of a person for doing domestic tasks (aOR = 4.43; 95% CI = 1.05-18.62). CONCLUSION: Both household characteristics and having a support for facing domestic tasks play an important role in gender health inequalities.  相似文献   

19.
PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between self-reported physical functional health and mortality. METHODS: A cohort of 17,777 men and women aged 41-80 years who completed the anglicised 36-item short-form questionnaire (UK SF-36) in 1996-2000 were followed prospectively until 2004, average 6.5 years, for mortality from all causes, from cardiovascular disease, from cancer, and from all other causes. RESULTS: During 115,527 person-years of follow-up, 1065 deaths occurred. After adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and social class, the relative risks (RR) for all cause mortality were 2.15 (95% CI: 1.54, 2.99) and 2.42 (1.57, 3.74), cardiovascular mortality were RR = 2.71 (1.47, 4.98) and 3.09 (1.30, 7.33), and death from other causes excluding cancer RR = 2.88 (1.43, 5.79) and 5.22 (1.21, 22.53) in men and women respectively for those who were in the lowest compared to top quintile of SF-36 scores. These associations remained unchanged after exclusion of deaths during the first two years of follow-up and were also consistent in different age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Poor self-reported physical functional health in men and women without known instances of prevalent cardiovascular disease or cancer predicts total and cardiovascular disease mortality in the general population independently of known risk factors.  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to describe the inequalities in mortality by occupational category and sex in a retrospective cohort of civil servants working in the city council of Barcelona (Spain). METHODS: The cohort was followed for the period 1984-1993. There were 11 647 men and 9001 women. Age-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of death for occupational categories and manual versus non-manual groups and 95% CI were derived from Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: For total deaths in males, compared with high-level professionals, auxiliary workers (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.96-1.77), skilled manual workers (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.95-1.77), unskilled manual workers (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-1.98) and police and fire manual workers (HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08-1.87) had higher risk of death. Among women, for all causes of mortality, only police manual workers had higher mortality (HR = 5.63, 95% CI: 1.89-16.7) whereas auxiliary workers had the lowest HR (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.25-1.05). The HR comparing manual and non-manual categories for all causes of death was 1.29 for males (95% CI: 1.09-1.52) and 1.07 for females (95% CI: 0.77-1.49). Among males, whereas manual workers had lower cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.63-1.15), cancer mortality was higher in the manual category. No association between manual category and mortality was found among women. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an analysis of social inequalities in mortality in a cohort from a Southern European urban area.  相似文献   

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