长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

乙型肝炎母婴传播影响因素的研究

目的了解深圳市乙型肝炎母婴阻断效果及其影响因素,为制定乙肝防控策略提供科学依据。方法从医院收集2007-2009年HBsAg阳性产妇及其新生儿基本资料,设计统一的调查问卷,采集儿童静脉血2ml,ELISA法检测乙肝表面抗原、表面抗体和核心抗体。结果共调查158例HBsAg阳性产妇,其中乙肝大三阳占35.44%(56/158);孕晚期接种HBIG占22.29%(35/158),婴儿出生后母乳喂养占58.86%(93/158)。158例儿童中出生后乙肝免疫球蛋白接种率90.50%(143/158),乙肝疫苗接种率100%,其中接种5ug乙肝疫苗占97.47%(154/158),接种10ug乙肝疫苗占2.53%(4/158)。检测158名儿童乙肝表面抗原阳性率6.96%(11/158),乙肝表面抗体阳性率56.33%(89/158),乙肝核心抗体阳性率70.25%(111/158)。母亲是否大三阳与乙肝母婴阻断是否成功有关(连续校正χ2=5.538,P=0.019)。结论母婴传播仍然是乙肝重要传播途径,其主要因素影响是母亲乙肝感染状况。     

大学生生命质量研究工具的敏感性分析

目的 为选择适合大学生的生命质量研究工具,对比不同量表测量的敏感性.方法 用世界卫生组织生存质量评价量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)和36条目简明健康量表(SF-36)对徐州医学院537名大学生进行现场调查,将调查结果与文献对比,并对两量表进行相关分析和敏感分析.结果 调查结果与文献相比互有高低.两量表调查结果差异大,仅WHOQOL-BREF的生理维度和SF-36的精力维度呈中度相关(r=0.540),其他各维度均不相关.WHOQOL-BREF和SF-36分别有7个和24个条目不敏感,分别占26.9%和66.7%.结论 WHOQOL-BREF和SF-36测量大学生生命质量不敏感,我国大学生生命质量专用量表的缺失成为研究瓶颈,当务之急是形成本土化的理论和指标体系.     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

我国部分地区人群风疹免疫水平的监测

用血凝抑制（HI）试验对我国部分地区人群风疹免疫水平进行了检测,共检测1～15岁人群5911人,≥16岁女青年2610人．结果表明：1～15岁人群HI抗体平均阳性率为47．1％,其中≤3岁儿童为17.8％;随着年龄的增长人群风疹HI抗体的阳性率呈上升趋势;≥16岁女青年HI抗体的平均阳性率为83．6％．我国目前存在广泛的风疹易感人群,特别是女青年的易感率仍达16．4％．提示实施对婴幼儿及女青年的风疹疫苗免疫,对控制风疹流行、减少先天性风疹综合征的发生,显得十分迫切和必要．     

医学院学生14例癔症分析

目的为了解高校大学生癔症发病情况,以利于做好癔症发作的预防。方法对徐州医学院14例癔症病人发作诱因、临床表现及诊治情况进行回顾性分析。结果具备＂癔症性格特征＂的女大学生易受精神刺激出现心理障碍而发病,且临床症状与体征不符,有复发倾向,暗示治疗有效。结论癔症的起病与精神因素和暗示密切相关,在治疗中暗示疗法同样起着重要作用。应加强女大学生心理健康教育,积极预防癔症发作。     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果分析

【目的】 对早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)进行筛查,了解ROP的发病情况及其相关影响因素。 【方法】 对眼科门诊进行ROP筛查的早产儿及低体重儿进行回顾性调查,统计筛查情况。 【结果】 共计筛查239例早产儿、低体重儿,发现ROP患儿15例,发生率为6.28%。BW≤1 500 g、1 500 g2 000 g的ROP的发生率分别为20.59%、8.22%、1.52%,组间ROP发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=17.47,P<0.005);胎龄≤31周、31<胎龄≤34周、胎龄>34周的ROP的发生率分别为29.17%、7.25%、2.06%,组间ROP发生率差异也有统计学意义(χ²=25.96,P<0.005)。分析显示ROP的发生与吸氧有一定的关系。 【结论】 筛查显示ROP的发生率为6.28%,不规范吸氧、出生体重低及胎龄小是ROP形成的相关因素,对于低胎龄或低体重的高危早产儿应定期进行眼底筛查。