单纯肥胖儿童家庭因素的病例—对照研究

目的：探讨单纯肥胖儿童的家庭影响因素。方法：对140例0－6岁肥胖儿童进行家庭因素的病例对照研究。结果：父母的体重与子女存在一定的相关性，特别是母亲的BMI值对儿童肥胖指数有显著的正性影响。结论：父母的生活方式，饮食习惯及对肥胖症危害的认知态度是影响儿童肥胖发生的重要因素。     

家庭环境及父母教养方式对儿童行为问题的影响

目的 了解影响儿童行为问题的家庭环境及父母教养方式等因素,为引导儿童养成健康的行为习惯提供科学依据.方法 选择包头市某小学全部在校生825名,运用Conners儿童行为问卷、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、家庭环境量表(FES-CV)进行问卷调查.结果 单因素相关分析显示,家庭环境和教养方式中多个因子与儿童行为问题具有相关性.多元网归分析表明,影响儿章品行问题的因素有家庭矛盾性、组织性、娱乐性、成功性、亲密度及父母教养方式中母亲拒绝否认、母亲过分干涉和过分保护;影响学习问题的有家庭矛盾性、知识性、成功性及母亲惩罚严厉、偏爱被试和父亲偏爱被试;影响心身障碍的有家庭矛盾性和亲密度;影响冲动多动行为的有家庭矛盾性及父亲拒绝否认;影响儿童焦虑情绪的有家庭矛盾性、知识性、亲密度、成功性;影响多动指数的有家庭矛盾性、知识性、组织性、成功性及母亲惩罚严厉.结论 家庭环境及父母教养方式是儿童行为问题的影响因素,在矫正儿童行为问题时应重点关注家庭及父母对孩子的影响.     

学龄前儿童哮喘的发病危险因素病例对照研究

目的调查分析学龄前儿童哮喘发生的危险因素，为制订干预对策与措施提供依据。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究，对58例学龄前哮喘患儿患病的危险因素进行调查。结果哮喘组与健康对照组在儿童过敏史、特应性体质、2年内有严重的呼吸道感染史、家族哮喘史、父母吸烟、接触宠物和母乳喂养等因素中差异有统计学意义。结论过敏史、特应性体质、2年内有严重的呼吸道感染史、家族哮喘史、父母吸烟、接触宠物是学龄前儿童哮喘的危险因素，控制这些危险因素对儿童的影响，对儿童哮喘的预防与控制具有重要的临床实际意义。     

儿童自闭症与遗传有关

最新研究表明，父母双方有人患有精神分裂症的，或者母亲有精神疾病、情绪障碍的（如抑郁、人格不健全等），其后代发生自闭症的可能性较大。瑞士的研究人员通过对1200多名自闭症儿童为期26年的跟踪调查发现，遗传基因是儿童自闭症发生的重要原因之一。父母的精神分裂对下一代的发病率影响最为显著，母亲的情绪疾病也对儿童自闭症有一定影响，     

肇庆留守儿童学校氛围孤独感和情绪行为问题的关系

<正>留守儿童主要是指父母一方或双方流动到其他地区,子女留在户籍所在地,因而不能和父母双方共同生活在一起且持续0.5年及以上的18岁以下的儿童~([1])。大量实证研究表明,留守儿童由于父母监管教育的缺失、监护人的不利以及社会不良因素的影响等多种原因,处于成长发育关键期的他们更容易出现情绪行为方面的问题~([2-3])。研究表明,学校氛围是儿童青少年情绪行为问题非常重要的影响因素之一~([4-5])。学校氛围是指学校中     

剖宫产对儿童神经精神发育的影响

近年来国内外剖宫产率居高不下 ,虽然能够解决一些高危妊娠带来的问题 ,但一些迹象表明剖宫产对母婴关系、新生儿脑功能、感觉学习、儿童感觉统合能力均有不利影响 ,提示剖宫产与儿童的某些神经精神疾病有一定关系。该文就剖宫产对儿童神经精神发育的近期和远期影响进行了综述     

农村留守儿童家庭功能状况及其影响因素研究

目的研究留守儿童成绩与家庭功能的关系及其影响因素,为促进农村留守儿童健康发展提供依据。方法选取重庆市梁平县6所中学的1125名学生为被试,采用问卷调查法（家庭亲密度与适应性量表）和个别访谈法进行测评。结果与父母联系的方式对留守儿童的学习成绩有显著影响;父母外出情况、寄养方式（当前生活地点）、与父母联系方式和联系频率是影响留守儿童家庭功能的重要因素;留守儿童的学习成绩与家庭功能（除与当前家庭的适应性外）呈显著正相关,与父母的亲密度、适应性对留守儿童的学习成绩和当前生活家庭的亲密度、适应性有直接的正向预测作用。结论留守儿童家庭功能状况值得关注,父母、当前生活家庭及学校应重视对其家庭功能的建立。     

离异家庭儿童出现精神问题的风险高五倍

据《每日邮报》报道，据英国政府机构的研究报告，与父母生活在一起的家庭的孩子相比，离异家庭的儿童患损害性精神疾病的概率是前者的近五倍。这份报告还显示，如果想要儿童避免陷入情感疾病和出现反社会行为，与父母生活在一起的儿童比单亲家庭的儿童处于更为有利的环境。与家庭是否贫穷，有没有工作，健康状况不佳或家人没有教育学历相比，不是最为重要。     

珠海市4～5岁儿童行为问题流行病学研究

目的　探讨珠海市4～5岁儿童行为问题的流行病学特点,为减少儿童行为问题的发生提供干预措施。　方法　应用Achenbach儿童行为量表和《学龄前儿童行为问题影响因素调查表》,对10 2 2名4～5岁儿童进行研究。　结果　4～5岁儿童行为问题检出率为18.79% ,男、女儿童检出率分别为2 2 .2 9%、15 .0 9% ,两者差异有极显著性意义(P <0 .0 1)。父母教育方式不一致、孩子与父母的关系差、父亲经常责备打骂孩子、儿童经常患病是行为问题发生的主要危险因素。　结论　4～5岁儿童行为问题是多因素综合作用的结果,并与父母教育的关系最为密切     

行为问题儿童的"亲子互动"干预研究

[目的]探讨亲子互动训练（exploring together,ET）计划是否适用于干预儿童的行为问题.[方法]在用Achenbach儿童行为父母问卷（CBCL）检出有行为问题的61例儿童中,同时测量了家庭不利因子和父母-儿童交互作用.将其分为干预组（35例）和异常对照组（26例）,用ET计划对干预组儿童及其父母进行为期8周的干预,8周后对两组儿童和家长重新发放上述量表进行调查并进行评价.[结果]干预治疗后,干预组的父母儿童交互作用和儿童行为尤其是外向性行为问题发生了变化,CBCL总分也下降,与干预前比较差异有显著性（P＜0.05）,同时干预组与异常对照组比较差异也有显著性（P＜0.05）.[结论]用亲子互动训练计划干预儿童行为问题是可行和有效的.     

Substance Abuse in Children of Parents with Mental Illness: Risks, Resiliency, and Best Prevention Practices

Published research on the effects of parental mental illness diagnosis or symptoms on childhood substance abuse (SA) is reviewed. Family and environmental circumstances related to having a parent with a mental illness also put these children at risk for SA. Risk and protective factors for developing a substance use or related disorder in these children are summarized. Recommendations for SA prevention in children of parents with mental illness are presented and used to critique existing substance abuse prevention programs. Limitations of the research are noted vis-à-vis lack of participant racial/ethnic diversity, inconsistent results, methodological flaws, and few efficacy studies.     

Choosing "the best of the hells": mothers face housing dilemmas for their adult children with mental illness and a history of violence

Family members in the United States--especially mothers--are frequently caregivers, and provide housing for their adult relatives and children with mental illness. They often do so with little support from the mental health system. The purpose of this analysis was to explore mothers' experiences related to housing options available to their adult children with a mental illness and a history of violence (MIHV) toward the mothers. The results of this study reveal a complex mixing of desires, feelings, internal factors, and external forces experienced by mothers of adult children with MIHV when considering whether or not these children can live in their homes. The findings from this study illuminate needs for greater familial involvement in mental health treatment decisions, respite for caregiving families, and housing as a crucial element of a comprehensive mental health treatment plan.     

Children's understanding of mental illness: an exploratory study

Background This study aimed to investigate children's thinking about mental illness by employing a well‐established framework of adult illness understanding. Methods The study adopted a semistructured interview technique and a card selection task to assess children's responses to causes, consequences, timeline and curability of the different types of mental illness. The children were aged between 5 and 11 years. Results Results indicated a developmental trend in the children's thinking about mental illness; there was an increase in the children's understanding of the causes, consequences, curability and timeline of mental illness with age. The older children demonstrated a more sophisticated and accurate thinking about mental illness compared with the younger children, who tended to rely on a medical model in order to comprehend novel mental illnesses. Furthermore, the girls exhibited more compassion, showing greater social acceptance compared with the boys. Conclusions The Leventhal model provides a useful framework within which to investigate children's knowledge and understanding of mental illness. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.     

上海20例I型糖尿病患儿行为问题与母亲应对方式和心理卫生的调查

【目的】 了解I型糖尿病患儿行为问题与母亲应对方式和心理卫生的状况,为行为干预及心理治疗提供科学依据。 【方法】 采用自制一般情况调查表和Achenbach儿童行为量表(the Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL)对20例I型糖尿病患儿进行调查和评估,采用简易应对方式问卷(the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,SCSQ)和症状自评量表(the Symptom-Checklist,SCL-90)对患儿母亲进行调查和评估。 【结果】 被调查患儿对治疗依从性好,但病情控制不容乐观,且存在不同程度的行为问题(主要检出因子为抑郁)。患儿母亲积极应对方式与患儿治疗依从性(β=1.44,P=0.04)和病程(β=0.23,P=0.00)存在回归关系,而消极应对方式与其担心患儿低血糖再次发作存在回归关系(β=1.03,P=0.03)。Ι型糖尿病患儿母亲症状自评量表各因子评分显著高于国内常模(P均＜0.05),评分最高的前三位因子是抑郁、躯体化和强迫。患儿母亲积极应对方式评分与焦虑(P=0.049 4)和敌对(P=0.029 4)因子分呈正相关,而消极应对方式评分与各因子分之间不存在关联。 【结论】 Ι型糖尿病患儿存在不同程度的行为问题,病情控制不容乐观,患儿母亲在采取多种方式应对问题同时其身心健康也受到影响,患儿病情监管及母亲心理卫生健康需要来自多方面的支持和帮助。     

Social status determinants of control in individuals' accounts of their mental illness

We examine the determinants of patients' accounts of their own mental illness. In particular, we examine the factors that affect the likelihood of attributing one's own mental illness to controllable factors rather than non-controllable factors. Our quantitative measure of attributional control is derived from the coding of in-depth interviews with people with severe mental illness seeking treatment for the first time (N = 144). We find that those who occupy positions of social disadvantage (particularly African-American males and those who receive public assistance) are less likely to attribute their illness to controllable sources, suggesting that personal mental illness attributions are systematically related to a person's social location. We outline the significance of these findings for research on the psychological consequences of mental illness attributions.     

Children of mothers with mental ilness: attachment,emotional and behavioural problems

This study describes the pattern of emotional and behavioural difficulties of children whose mothers have mental illness, and explores the relationship between children’s behavioural and emotional difficulties and maternal perceptions of attachment. Thirteen mothers previously admitted to psychiatric hospital for mental illness completed a measure of their own symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory), their children’s emotional and behavioural problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)), and attachment security (Parent/Child Reunion Inventory) (n?=?21). Mean scores for child SDQ profiles were found to be within the ‘normal’ range, although (on some indices) mothers reported more ‘case’ scores for their children, than would be expected from standardized norms. It was found that there were significant positive correlations between ‘insecurity’ scores and all problem scales of the SDQ. Best predictors from the Parent/Child Reunion Inventory factors for each SDQ scale are reported and discussed.     

Supporting family engagement with child and adolescent mental health services: A scoping review

A key challenge facing the mental health field is connecting children and families to services when symptoms first appear. Multiple barriers inhibit timely access to treatment, and interventions to resolve barriers to care are not common among health and social care organisations. To address this research‐to‐practice gap this study undertook a scoping review of the empirical literature aimed at identifying key factors in the social ecology of families which influence family engagement with child and adolescent mental health services, then identifying and describing models of intervention designed to help facilitate access to care. Forty studies published between 1 January 2000 and 28 February 2019 were reviewed. Key factors associated with child and adolescent mental health service engagement included family attitudes towards mental illness and help seeking, the flexibility and availability of needed services, community attitudes and stigma surrounding mental illness and mental health treatment, and the degree of coordination and integration across systems of health and social care. Models of intervention to facilitate engagement with mental health services included family outreach, telephone and digital health strategies, and integrated care approaches. Empirical support is strongest for family outreach and integrated care, although telephone and digital health strategies are underexplored with children and families and a potentially promising avenue for future research. To support family engagement with child and adolescent mental health services health and social care organisations should be prepared to identify barriers in their local practice settings and integrate efficacious engagement approaches into their continuum of available services.     

Recasting research into children's experiences of parental mental illness: beyond risk and resilience

Children who live with a mentally ill parent are viewed primarily as being 'at risk' of developing a mental illness themselves and those who remain well are considered extraordinarily resilient. This particular risk/resilience discourse is embedded within larger contemporary discourses about risk and childhood. Childhood is seen as a critical period of development during which children need protection due to their physical and psychological vulnerabilities. In this paper, the implications of this dominant casting of children are explored and it is argued that the conceptual repertoire about those living with a mentally ill parent should be expanded. A critique of the literature that established the risk/resilience discourse is followed by a discussion of research about parenting with a mental illness within which children are surprisingly absent. Recent thinking about children arising out of the 'new' social studies of childhood is summarized to illustrate its resistance to the hegemonic image of children as passive, developing, 'unfinished' persons. A recasting of children as complex young persons who have competencies as well as vulnerabilities linked to their developmental stages, would lead to different lines of inquiry about children's experiences of mental illness in a parent.     

A Qualitative Study of Programs for Parents with Serious Mental Illness and Their Children: Building Practice-Based Evidence

The rationale for the development of effective programs for parents with serious mental illness and their children is compelling. Using qualitative methods and a grounded theory approach with data obtained in site visits, seven existing programs for parents with mental illness and their children in the United States are described and compared across core components: target population, theory and assumptions, funding, community and agency contexts, essential services and intervention strategies, moderators, and outcomes. The diversity across programs is strongly complemented by shared characteristics, the identification of which provides the foundation for future testing and the development of an evidence base. Challenges in program implementation and sustainability are identified. Qualitative methods are useful, particularly when studying existing programs, in taking steps toward building the evidence base for effective programs for parents with serious mental illness and their children. Data from this article were presented at the Tampa meeting of the 15th Annual Research Conference for Children’s Mental Health in March 2002.     

Barriers to mental health treatment services for low-income African American women whose children receive behavioral health services: an ethnographic investigation

Despite the prevalence of mental illness among low-income African American women, only a limited number seek and/or accept help from mental health service delivery systems. A qualitative analysis of 64 ethnographic interviews of low-income African American women whose children receive behavioral health services was completed to assess what barriers to care were reported for the women themselves. These African American women were interviewed as part of a larger study seeking to determine why mothers seek mental health treatment for their children, but not themselves, after many of the women (n = 32) met the baseline criteria for anxiety and/or depression. Our finding revealed that (1) the fear of losing their children, (2) economic stressors, (3) role strain, (4) perceptions of the system, and (5) violence and survival are key factors to consider when engaging low-income African American women in mental health treatment services. These factors have a negative influence on help seeking that should be considered for eliminating disparities in access to and utilization of mental health services.