东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫前后血清IL-4水平的检测

〔目的〕 检测东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫前后血清白细胞介素－４（ＩＬ－４）的水平。〔方法〕 ＥＬＩＳＡ法比较检测室内繁殖东方田鼠和昆明系小鼠未感染（ＢＭＦ０、ＡＭ０）与感染日本血吸虫第９天（ＢＭＦｉ９、ＡＭｉ９）、１６天（ＢＭＦｉ１６、ＡＭｉ１６）血清ＩＬ－４的水平。〔结果〕 ＢＭＦｉ９血清ＩＬ－４水平（１３１．９４ｐｇ／ｍｌ）显著高于ＢＭＦ０（５２．５９ｐｇ／ｍｌ）和ＢＭＦｉ１６（５８．１６ｐｇ／ｍｌ）;与昆明系小鼠相比较,ＢＭＦ０是ＡＭ０（１２．４３ｐｇ／ｍｌ）的４．２倍,ＢＭＦｉ９是ＡＭｉ９（４４．５３ｇｐ／ｍｌ）的３．０倍。〔结论〕 ＢＭＦ血清ＩＬ－４水平显著高于ＡＭ,且于感染早期显著升高,表明ＩＬ－４在东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫感染中可能具有重要作用。     

血吸虫病患者血清免疫球蛋白与相关补体C_3、C_4水平分析

人体感染血吸虫后 ,机体的免疫功能会发生不同程度的变化 ,易引起机体的 型变态反应 ,其发病过程有补体及其介导的免疫反应的参与 ,为探讨患者血清相关补体 C3 、C4及免疫球蛋白 ( Ig)水平与疾病的关系 ,及在诊断中的意义 ,对3 5例患者及正常对照组 ,血清免疫球蛋白 Ig G、Ig A、Ig M及相关补体 C3 、C4水平进行检测 ,现报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　标本来源　以 ELISA法检测血清 Ig M抗体阳性和粪检虫卵阳性患者 3 5例 ,年龄 17～ 3 2岁 ,男性 ,均有感染史 ,采血前 ,未服用影响免疫功能的药物及抗血吸虫药。1.2　正常对照组　经…     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清补体C3和C4检测的临床意义再探讨

目的:再次探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清补体C3和C4检测的临床意义。方法:通过德灵BNⅡ特种蛋白仪检测慢性乙型肝炎患者和健康对照者C3和C4血清学水平,分析C3和C4在不同病情及不同HBV-DNA拷贝数慢性乙型肝炎患者中表达水平的差异。结果:慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清补体C3和C4水平较正常对照组显著降低(P<0.05),特别是补体C3在病情较重和HBV-DNA复制活跃时下降明显。结论:慢性乙型肝炎患者补体C3和C4血清学水平反应病情轻重,且受体内HBV-DNA负向调节。     

慢性乙肝患者苦参素治疗前后C3、C-反应蛋白水平与HBVDNA含量变化

目的测定慢性乙肝患者苦参素治疗前后及慢性乙肝对照、正常对照补体C3、C-反应蛋白水平,分析苦参素治疗后HBVDNA阴转者和HBVDNA未阴转者治疗前后C3、CRP水平变化。方法补体C3、C-反应蛋白定量用免疫比浊法检测,在全自动生化分析仪完成,HBVDNA用实时萤光定量分析法进行检测。结果①慢性乙肝患者血清中C3水平明显低于正常人群(p<0.001),CRP水平明显高于正常人群(p<0.001);②慢性乙肝患者经苦参素治疗后,无论HBVDNA是否阴转,C3水平均明显升高,CRP水平均明显降低;③慢性乙肝患者苦参素治疗后HBVDNA阴转者和HBVDNA未阴转者C3、CRP水平无明显差别。结论①CRP能很好地反映抗病毒治疗前后肝炎炎症活动状态,补体C3能很好地反映抗病毒治疗前后患者免疫功能改变;②苦参素的抗病毒作用可能与其抗炎和免疫调节作用密切相关。     

登革Ⅱ型病毒感染Balb/C实验小鼠的研究

目的：探讨Balb/C小鼠作为实验动物模型感染登革病毒的情况。方法：小鼠腹部皮下多点注射接种大剂量登革病毒后在一定时间内检测血清病毒,抗体及腹腔巨噬细胞,脾细胞登革病毒感染情况。结果：Balb/C实验小鼠接种感染登革病毒以后能产生1-2d病毒血症,接种后第4d血清中即可检测到特异性抗体,说明在登革病毒感染早期即产生可检测到的特异性抗体,而腹腔巨噬细胞在接种后前1-2d登革病毒感染率较高,但下降很快,第4d以后感染水平很低,小鼠脾细胞登革病毒感染率极低,几乎检测不到阳性,结论：Balb/C实验小鼠可以用于实验感染登革Ⅱ型病毒。     

中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液和血清补体C3,C4及C-反应蛋白检测的临床意义

目的探讨脑脊液补体C3,C4及C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)检测,对中枢神经系统感染患者病因的鉴别诊断意义及脑脊液补体C3,C4与血清补体C3,C4的关系。方法采用速率散射比浊法测定38例病毒性脑炎(A组)、10例化脓性脑膜炎(B组)、18例结核性脑膜炎(C组)及22例非中枢神经系统感染(对照组)患者脑脊液及血清补体C3,C4及C-反应蛋白含量,并进行对比分析。结果1B组、C组、A组、对照组脑脊液C3阳性率分别为100.00%,88.88%,5.20%,0;脑脊液C4阳性率分别为80.00%,44.44%,0,0。B组、C组与A组及对照组脑脊液C3,C4比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.01);C组与B组、A组及对照组脑脊液C3,C4比较,差异无显著意义(P>0.05);2血清C3,C4检测结果显示,各组均在正常参考范围内,组间比较,差异无显著意义(P>0.05),与同组脑脊液C3,C4无正相关。3B组、C组脑脊液CRP值和血清CRP值与A组及对照组比较,显著增高(P<0.01);B组与C组比较,差异无显著意义(P>0.05);A组与对照组比较,差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论脑脊液补体C3,C4,CRP及血清CRP值,对细菌性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎的鉴别诊断有很高的参考价值。脑脊液补体C3,C4与血清中补体C3,C4无明显相关性。     

急性脑出血患者血清补体C3、C4与脑水肿体积及临床预后的关系

目的 研究急性脑出血患者血清补体C3、C4水平与脑水肿体积及临床预后的关系。方法 选择2016年11月-2017年11月本院收治的100例脑出血患者作为研究对象,所有患者均采用放射性免疫吸附法检测血清补体C3、C4水平,探讨血清补体C3、C4水平与患者脑水肿、临床特点的关系,Logistic回归分析探讨急性脑出血患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结果 C3、C4低水平组患者出血体积、出血风险因素高于对应高水平的患者(P 0. 05),而出血部位、病因分类无明显差异。C3低水平患者治疗后7 d、14 d脑水肿体积高于对应高水平的患者(P 0. 05),C4低水平的患者治疗后7 d、14 d脑水肿体积低于对应高水平的患者(P 0. 05),C3、脑水肿体积、C4、出血量是脑出血患者预后不良的独立风险因素(P 0. 05)。结论 脑出血患者血清中补体C3、C4水平与脑水肿体积、预后密切相关。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者血清补体C3水平的检测及意义

目的本研究通过检测血清补体C3水平进一步探索非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)发生发展的深层机制。方法测定187例经腹部超声确诊的NAFLD患者和171例健康对照者血清补体C3水平及其他生化标志物和体质量等人体参数学指标。结果与对照组比较,NAFLD组血清补体C3水平明显升高(P 0. 001); NAFLD研究对象中ALT异常组(ALT≥40 U/L)血清补体C3水平显著高于ALT正常组(ALT 40 U/L);逻辑回归分析显示血清补体C3水平升高是预测NAFLD发生以及进展期肝纤维化的独立危险因素(P 0. 05)。结论血清补体C3在NAFLD发生发展中起着重要作用。     

HIE新生儿血清补体C3 C4 GFAP与aEEG变化的关系

目的探讨缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生儿血清补体C3、C4、角质酸性纤维蛋白(GFAP)的变化与常规脑电图(a EEG)变化的关系。方法选取杭州市余杭区第一人民医院2017年1月-2019年10月收治的100例HIE新生儿作为HIE组,同期健康新生儿100例作为对照组;检测两组新生儿的血清补体C3、C4、GFAP水平及a EEG相关指标,并分析不同HIE患儿上述各项指标的变化,采用简单线性相关分析法分析血清补体C3、C4、GFAP水平与a EEG电压振幅测定值的相关性。结果 HIE组新生儿血清补体C3、C4水平与a EEG最低电压振幅测定值均显著高于对照组,血清GFAP水平与a EEG最高电压振幅测定值均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。轻度、中度及重度组HIE新生儿血清补体C3、C4水平与a EEG最低电压振幅测定值在3组间呈逐渐升高趋势,组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);轻度、中度及重度组HIE新生儿血清GFAP水平与a EEG最高电压振幅测定值组间呈逐渐降低的趋势,组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。HIE新生儿血清补体C3、C4水平与a EEG最低电压振幅测定值呈显著的正相关性(P0.05),与a EEG最高电压振幅测定值呈显著的负相关(P0.05);血清GFAP水平与a EEG最高电压振幅测定值呈显著的正相关性(P0.05),与a EEG最低电压振幅测定值呈显著的负相关性(P0.05)。结论 HIE新生儿血清补体C3、C4水平降低,GFAP水平升高,并且与患儿病情及脑电图异常具有一定的相关性。     

食品致敏性评价啮齿类动物模型研究——C3H/HeJ小鼠动物模型

目的研究C3H/HeJ小鼠作为食品致敏性评价动物模型的可行性,探讨不同致敏途径适当的致敏周期以及辅助性T淋巴细胞因子的变化。方法通过经口灌胃及腹腔注射两种途径给予雌性C3H/HeJ小鼠致敏蛋白——卵清蛋白(OVA),共35天。分别在第14、28、35天内眦取血分离血清,测定OVA特异性IgE。于第35天取脾脏,荧光实时定量PCR检测Th2型细胞因子IL-4及Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ的mRNA表达水平。结果与阴性对照组相比,经口灌胃OVA组小鼠第28和35天血清中OVA特异性IgE浓度显著升高(P0.05);腹腔注射OVA+Al(OH)3组小鼠第14、28和35天血清中OVA特异性IgE浓度显著升高(P0.05)。与阴性对照组相比,OVA组与OVA+Al(OH)3组小鼠细胞因子IL-4的表达水平均显著升高;细胞因子IFN-γ的mRNA表达水平均显著降低。结论C3H/HeJ小鼠可以作为食品致敏性评价动物模型,经口灌胃途径及腹腔注射途径的最佳致敏周期分别为14天和28天。     

Surface protein Adr2 of Rickettsia rickettsii induced protective immunity against Rocky Mountain spotted fever in C3H/HeN mice

Background

Rickettsia rickettsii is the pathogen of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a life-threatening tick-transmitted infection. Adr2 was a surface-exposed adhesion protein of R. rickettsii and its immunoprotection against RMSF was investigated in mice.

Methods

Recombinant Adr2 (rAdr2) was used to immunize C3H/HeN mice, and the rickettsial loads in organs of the mice were detected after challenge with R. rickettsii. The levels of specific antibodies of sera from the immunized mice were determined and the sera from immunized mice were applied to neutralize R. rickettsii. Proliferation and cytokine secretion of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells isolated from R. rickettsii-infected mice were also assayed after rAdr2 stimulation.

Results

After R. rickettsii challenge, the rickettsial loads in spleens, livers, and lungs were significantly lower and the impairment degrees of these organs in rAdr2-immunized mice were markedly slighter, compared with those in negative control mice. The ratio of specific IgG2a/IgG1 of rAdr2-immunized mice kept increasing during the immunization. After treatment with rAdr2-immunized sera, the total number of R. rickettsii organisms adhering and invading host cells was significantly lower than that treated with PBS-immunized sera. Interferon-γ secretion by CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion by CD4⁺ T cells from R. rickettsii-infected mice were respectively significantly greater than those from uninfected mice after rAdr2 stimulation.

Conclusion

Adr2 is a protective antigen of R. rickettsii. Protection offered by Adr2 is mainly dependent on antigen-specific cell-mediated immune responses, including efficient activity of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells to produce great amount of TNF-α and/or IFN-γ as well as rapid increase of specific IgG2a, which synergistically activate and opsonize host cells to killing intracellular rickettsiae.     

Schistosome circulating anodic antigen in serum of individuals infected with Schistosoma japonicum from the Philippines before and after chemotherapy with praziquantel.

The presence of the schistosome circulating anodic antigen (CAA) in serum of patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum from The Philippines has been investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples were tested from 48 patients who excreted S. japonicum eggs, 9 individuals with a negative stool examination, and 20 controls with both a negative stool and a negative circumoval precipitin test. No false positive result was detected for the unequivocally negative controls. CAA could be demonstrated in 72.9% of the egg-excreting patients. A positive correlation between parasite burden (eggs per gram of faeces) and antigen level (CAA titre) was found (Spearman's rho = 0.48, P < 0.001, n = 48). Four of 18 sera from the egg-negative individuals were positive in the ELISA. In view of the fact that anti-worm antibodies were also detected in these 4 sera, those reactions suggest active infection not detected by stool examination. In serum from patients treated with praziquantel, a significant drop in CAA titre was seen within 5 d after treatment (Wilcoxon's chi T = -2.23, P = 0.0258, n = 21). In conclusion, the detection of CAA by ELISA in S. japonicum infection can give valuable information in both individual diagnosis and therapeutic drug monitoring, as well as in epidemiological studies or disease control programmes.     

Protection promoted by pGP3 or pGP4 against Chlamydia muridarum is mediated by CD4 cells in C57BL/6N mice

Urogenital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is a leading cause of sexually transmitted infections. There is currently no commercially available vaccine against C. trachomatis. The highly conserved plasmid of chlamydiae has been considered to be a virulence factor and the plasmid proteins have important roles in the Chlamydia-specific immune response. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with plasmid proteins in the prevention of C. muridarum lung infection in a mouse model. C57BL/6N mice were immunised 3 times subcutaneously with recombinant pGP3 or pGP4 and infected with C. muridarum. Immunisation of the mice with recombinant pGP3 or pGP4 protein caused a significantly lower chlamydial burden in the lungs of the infected mice; the lower IFN-γ level indicated a reduced extent of inflammation. In vitro or in vivo neutralisation of C. muridarum with sera obtained from immunised mice did not reduce the number of viable C. muridarum in the lungs of mice. However, adoptive transfer of the CD4⁺ spleen cells isolated from the immunised mice resulted in a significantly reduced bacterial burden. Our results indicate that it is not the pGP3- and pGP4-specific antibodies, but the CD4⁺ cells that are responsible for the protective effect of the immune response to plasmid proteins.     

金黄色葡萄球菌感染乳腺炎小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化

目的探讨金黄色葡萄球菌感染乳腺炎小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化。方法采用金黄色葡萄球菌乳头管灌注法制备乳腺炎模型小鼠;将小鼠分为空白组(B)、对照组(C)、感染24 h(M1)、感染72 h(M2)、感染120 h(M3)5个试验组,于试验结束时观察各试验组小鼠健康状况、乳腺组织病理变化,并测定各试验组小鼠体温、体质量、外周血细胞分类数量、乳腺组织菌落数,测定白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-17A、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)蛋白表达水平。结果模型小鼠(M1、M2、M3)的健康状况、病理切片观察和乳腺组织学指标均低于B、C组,体质量、细菌菌落数、炎症细胞数目与B、C组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随着感染天数增多,细菌菌落数与炎症细胞数目呈增长趋势(P<0.05);模型小鼠(M1、M2、M3)乳腺组织IL-6、IL-17A、TGF-β1、TNF-α蛋白表达水平和Th17/Treg细胞亚群数目及比例高于B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论金黄色葡萄球菌感染致产后小鼠实验性乳腺炎模型小鼠的乳腺状况、相关细胞因子表达水平、Th17/Treg细胞亚群数目及比例随感染天数增加。     

SARS患者血清免疫球蛋白、补体含量的变化及结果分析

目的测定传染性非典型肺炎(SARS)患者血清中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM与补体C3、C4含量的变化,探讨SARS病毒感染和机体体液免疫状态的关系.方法采用免疫比浊法检测42例SARS患者血清中IgA、IgG、IgM与补体C3、C4含量.结果SARS患者血清中IgA、IgG及C3较正常对照组及无感染组均明显降低,其差别具有显著性(P＜0.05).恢复期IgA、IgM、C3含量增高,其他指标降低,IgA指标治疗前后有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论感染SARS病毒后机体免疫力低下,SARS发病后可能导致体液免疫抑制;两者存在一定的关系,但病毒感染如何抑制免疫功能尚有待进一步研究.     

乙型、丙型、庚型肝炎病毒多重感染研究

目的探讨庚型肝炎感染患者是否存在双重感染和多重感染。方法应用庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）ＮＳ３区逆转录聚合酶链反应技术检测了ＨＧＶ系列稀释的质控血清及ＡｂｂｏｔＧＢＶ－Ｃ参比样品中ＨＧＶＲＮＡ，并对９０例丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）ＲＮＡ阳性和１２例乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎双重感染献血员进行了ＨＧＶＲＮＡ的检测。结果ＨＧＶ系列稀释质控血清１０－１～１０－５均为阳性；１０－６为阴性。２份ＡｂｂｏｔＧＢＶ－Ｃ样品均为ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性。９０例ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性样品中，８例ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性（１７．８％）；１２例乙、丙双重感染者中４例（４／１２）ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性。结论不仅存在ＨＣＶ及ＨＧＶ双重感染，也存在多重感染。     

Serum protein levels in Iraq

Since some serum protein levels in Iraq appear to differ from those accepted for European populations, normal standards for Iraq adults were sought. The sample comprised 1,031 subjects who were examined for the following: IgG, M, A and E; the components C3, C4 and C3 proactivator of complement; α² globulin, albumin and total protein. The mean levels show some differences from those in European sera. Differences occur between various peoples and regions of Iraq, and reasons for these are suggested.     

Protective effect of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against abortion in mice infected by Chlamydia psittaci

The role of antibody in preventing placental and fetal infection by Chlamydia psittaci was studied in mice. Pregnant mice were passively immunized with polyclonal sera or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at day 11 of gestation. The mice were intravenously challenged the following day with the virulent AB7 ovine abortion strain of C. psittaci. Mice were either killed on day 16 of gestation to determine placental and fetal chlamydial infection levels or were permitted to have and raise their young until 8 days old for comparison of survival rates. Immune sera produced a decrease in both placental and fetal infection and reduced the number of young dying in utero or shortly after birth. Polyclonal sera to the highly invasive AB7 and AB4 strains or to the invasive 1B strain were more effective than serum to the invasive AB13 strain. The B577/F3 and B577/A11 monoclonal antibodies gave almost complete protection, with only low levels of placental infection and no detectable fetal infection or decrease in survival rate. The study demonstrates that immune sera and type-specific mAbs can passively transfer resistance to placental and fetal colonization and to abortion and fetal loss in mice intravenously challenged with P. psittaci.     

单采浆还输血球献血员中丙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学和血清学研究

本文报告单采浆献血员中丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的流行病学和血清学研究结果。通过对5个自然村3 496人流行病学调查表明,单采浆献血员肝炎现患率和单项ALT异常率分别为17.10%和23.23%,二者均显著高于全血献血员和非献血员成人。经排除法证明,上述肝炎患者绝大多数为肠道外传播的非甲非乙型肝炎。后将部分单采浆献血员肝炎病例和单项ALT异常者的血清标本,送美国疾病控制中心检测,抗-HCV阳性率分别为97.06%和100%。证实为HCV感染。流行病学调查表明,单采浆献血员HC流行是由单采浆还输血球过程中交叉感染引起的。