无锡市疾控机构信息化建设探讨

在省级公共卫生信息系统建设的总体框架要求下,依据相关法律法规和疾病预防控制工作规范,综合运用计算机技术、网络技术和通讯技术,构建公共卫生监测预警信息平台,实现了机构和区域平台数据的无缝对接,提升了工作质量和效率,使疾病预防控制管理与服务更加程序化、规范化、信息化。     

21世纪中国疾病预防与控制面临的挑战与任务

众所周知，21世纪人类将迎来一个令人耳目一新的知识经济时代，这一时代的主要特征是信息化、全球化。知识的超速积累，不但为人类创造了大量的物质文明，同时也促使人们的观念和思维方式发生着根本的改变。科学技术的发达，交通、通讯的便捷，互联网的应用和世界经济的一体化使公共卫生国际化成为可能。人类赖以自下而上的环境更加复杂，人们对卫生保健服务的需求更加多样化。这一切都决定了我国疾病预防与控制所面临的严峻挑战。笔者试图从两方面来论述我国21世纪疾病预防与控制所面临的挑战与任务。     

长宁区疾病预防控制监测预警信息系统

疾病预防控制监测预警信息系统是国家公共卫生信息建设的重要组成部分。也是公共卫生突发事件应急指挥系统的信息基础。本文从建立一套集采集、监测、统计、分析、预警、展示为一体的公共卫生疾病预防控制监测预警信息系统出发，阐述系统构成和各分系统的功能。     

中美两国疾病预防控制体系比较研究

为了适应新世纪、新形势下公共卫生工作任务的复杂性和多样性,2001年始,全国范围内组建疾病预防控制中心(CDC)系统,将疾病预防控制和公共卫生技术管理和服务职能集中,不再承担卫生监督执法的相应职能.然而,2003年全国范围内流行的严重急性呼吸系统综合症(SARS)使得我国疾病预防控制体系的弊端逐渐显露,给我国经济发展带来了严重影响,全国上下开始重视和研究我国公共卫生、痰病预防控制、危机管理等方面的诸多深层次问题.文章在阅读有关美国公共卫生以及疾病控制等方面文献基础上,对疾病预防控制体制的性质、运转机制及其筹资体系等与我国进行了深入的比较分析,从而提出改进我国疾病预防控制体制的对策与建议,以期望我国疾病预防控制体制能够应对斯世纪面临的各种挑战与机遇.     

美国--公共卫生信息系统的困境与挑战

信息管理与沟通是“医防融合”不可或缺的环节。回顾美国此次疫情政策与应对过程,由于公共卫生信息系统的老化过时,导致信息沟通与疫情治理面临诸多困境与挑战。疫情应对过程美国公共卫生系统由联邦公共卫生机构和3000多个地方及州公共卫生部门组成。联邦公共卫生机构包括卫生与公共服务部(HHS)下属的疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)和食品和药物管理局(FDA)。     

过程方法在医疗机构疾病监测信息网络直报质量管理中的应用

2004年1月1日,我国各级具备条件的医疗机构籍《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》网络平台相继开通了以传染病个案信息报告为基础的《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》及《突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统》、《死因监测系统》和结核病、艾滋病、流感监测等信息报告管理系统。     

济宁市突发公共卫生事件与传染病疫情监测信息系统的建立与管理模式

基于防控非典的经验和教训,为提高突发公共卫生事件和重大传染病疫情的快速反应速度和应急处理能?[1]>,"非典"之后,济宁市疾病预防控制信息系统建设得到长足的发展,初步建立了突发公共卫生事件与传染病疫情监测信息系统,确保了疫情报告的及时性和准确性,形成了一整套有效的疫情信息报告管理模式.     

第三届全球人群健康行为监测国际会议纪要

第三届全球人群健康行为监测国际会议 2 0 0 3年 10月 14～ 17日在澳大利亚NOOSAVILLE召开。本次会议共有 32个国家和地区 10 7名代表参加。代表有各国卫生部的官员、疾病控制部门、大学及研究机构的相关专业的专家和教授。该会由世界卫生组织 (WHO)、美国疾病预防与控制中心资助 ,澳大利亚卫生部负责承办。这次会议的主题是“把资料转化为行动” ,这是监测的核心。如果监测资料不能被广泛利用 ,作为公共卫生系统中最重要的组成部分的公共卫生信息系统 ,就失去了存在的价值。美国疾病预防与控制中心慢性病控制分中心DavidMaqueen教授…     

突发公共卫生体系建设

多年来，党和国家对公共卫生事业高度重视，公共卫生事业迅速发展并取得了巨大的成就。在2003年一场突如其来的非典疫情，暴露出我国突发公共卫生事件信息系统、医疗救治系统、疾病预防控制系统与应急机制不健全，造成了SARS的爆发流行，这些得到了党和国家领导人的高度重视，提出要加快公共卫生体系建设，全面提高突发公共卫生事件的监测和应急反应能力，应急处理能力。黑龙江省疾病控制中心认真按照国家和省委、省政府的要求，认真落实防SARS工作，加强了疾病预防控制与突发公共卫生事件应急体系建设。     

疾病预防控制工作中信息系统建设的探讨

信息技术的迅速发展使信息的采集、处理和传播发生了相应的变化。计算机和网络功能等信息技术受到各行各业的高度重视 ,在日常管理工作中发挥着重要的作用。随着卫生事业改革的稳步推进 ,疾病预防控制工作也面临着如何适应新形势 ,强化自身优势 ,提高竞争能力 ,生存能力和发展的新课题。加强信息系统建设无疑是一个重要环节。1　信息系统建设在疾病预防控制工作中的必要性1 1　社会发展的需要　 2 1世纪是一个高度信息化的世纪 ,是医学科学技术高速发展的时代 ,高新的医学科学技术需要高素质的医学管理人才和高效的管理方法。1 2　疾病预防…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Increase in social inequality in health expectancy in Denmark

AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.     

Trends in changes in plant fiber consumption in Poland

The purpose of the study was an analysis of changes in the consumption of plant fibre in Poland in the period 1950-1987. The analysis included plant fibre content in four groups of products considered as the main source of fibre in diet: cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fruit. A reduction was noted in the consumption of plant fibre in general, and the fibre present in cereals and potatoes, while that present in fruit and vegetables has increased. The pattern of plant fibre consumption in Poland is becoming ever more similar to that in highly developed countries. Systematic studies are proposed on the consumption of plant fibre by various groups of the population. It would be indicated to explain to the population the importance and role of plant fibre and introduction for marketing of food providing this fibre, in the first place increased supply of brown bread.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。