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1.
目的 了解长沙市居民对全民健康生活方式行动知晓现况及相关因素.方法 对长沙市五个城区采取分层随机抽样调查1 002名居民,进行问卷调查.结果 1 002名调查对象分别有49.2% (493/1 002)及32.3% (324/1 002)的比例知晓“健康一二一”行动及全民健康行动宣传日.“健康一二一”行动知晓率:年龄组以18~60岁年龄组最高,为51.8%;职业以生产运输设备操作人员及有关人员、机关党群企业事业单位负责人、办事人员和有关人员、专业技术人员较高,均在50.0%以上;文化程度以高中/中专/技校及以上文化程度人群较高,均在50.0%以上;全民健康行动宣传日知晓率:年龄组以18~60岁年龄组最高,为34.2%;生产运输设备操作人员及军人较高,均在50.0%以上;文化程度以高中/中专/技校及以上较高,均在30.0%以上.“健康一二一”行动及全民健康行动宣传日知晓相关因素为年龄、文化程度及职业.结论 长沙市居民对全民健康生活方式行动知晓不够,要对低年龄和高年龄组、文化程度及职业分层较低的人群加强宣传.  相似文献   

2.
目的 了解徐汇区社区老年人群及其照料者的心理健康知识和精神疾病防治知识的知晓情况,了解社区精神卫生健康知识的普及程度和探索宣传教育的重点.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,以老年期常见精神疾病症状和预防知识调查表为工具,对徐汇区某社区5个居委的60岁及以上老年人群及其照料者进行调查,共收回有效问卷157份.结果 老年人群组平均知晓率为81.0%,照料者组平均知晓率为78.0%,两组平均知晓率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).老年人组对老年痴呆最常见原因及老年人抑郁症的可能表现方面的知晓率高于照料者组(均P<0.05).在婚的老年人群及其照料者对保持良好心态,经常参加社会活动有助于老年人保持心理健康方面的知晓率高于未婚、丧偶和离婚人群(P<0.05),且老年人群及其照料者的文化程度高者知晓率较高(P<0.05).结论 徐汇区社区老年人群及其照料者中,精神卫生知识普及程度总体较好,已达到《中国精神卫生工作规划(2002-2010)》中提出的“到2010年达到50%”的目标,但在精神障碍病因或致病因素等方面的知晓率情况还是偏低,在今后的健康教育中应加强这些方面的宣教.  相似文献   

3.
目的:对浙江省流动儿童监护人免疫预防知识知晓状况、获得途径及相关影响因素进行调查和分析,为调整浙江省流动儿童免疫预防知识健康教育模式提供参考。方法:选择浙江省北仑区、嘉善县、上虞市为调查点,每个县选定2周岁以下、在当地居住不到3个月、3个月~1年、1年以上流动儿童监护人作为调查对象,3个县共调查874人。结果:874名流动儿童监护人预防接种健康教育知识知晓率为95.40%,不同年龄、不同居住时间和不同文化程度流动儿童监护人对免疫预防知识知晓率、预防接种知识获得途径、预防接种态度和预防接种行为方面存在差异。结论:浙江省流动儿童监护人免疫预防知识知晓率较高,但不同年龄、不同居住时间和不同文化程度的监护人之间存在较大差异,应针对不同特征人群采取不同的健康教育方式。  相似文献   

4.
目的了解阜阳市颍泉区目标人群心理健康和精神疾病预防知识知晓情况,为今后制定健康教育计划提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对抽取的一般人群、婚检对象和孕妇通过无记名、面对面问卷访谈方式进行调查。结果565名调查对象对精神疾病病因和防治知识、心理健康知识、"精神卫生纪念日"知识知晓率分别为57.5%、85.0%、22.5%,精神卫生知识总知晓率为68.8%;不同人群对精神心理相关知识知晓率不同,城市一般人群最高,农村一般人群最低,差异有统计学意义(P0.001);不同文化程度人群的知晓率不同,文化程度大专以上的知晓率高于大专以下人群,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论颍泉区妇女人群对心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识较为缺乏,特别是农村一般人群对精神卫生服务相关知识的理解较为表浅,相关信息不易得到,因此有效开展妇女精神心理卫生知识宣传和服务是今后的妇女保健工作的主要任务。  相似文献   

5.
目的了解我国居民基本医疗素养水平,为制定健康教育与健康促进工作策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)及新疆生产建设兵团的79438名15~69岁常住人口,进行基本医疗素养问题知晓率调查。结果调查对象总体具备基本医疗素养比例较低,为7.43%。男性和女性人群均对“孕期检查次数”问题知晓率最低,分别为20.72%和24.19%。45岁以上各年龄组人群均对“药盒上‘OTC’含义”知晓率最低,分别为21.96%、17.02%和15.55%;不同年龄组人群对各项知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。2000~10000元收入人群总体掌握基本医疗素养知识较多。不识字人群对“及时就医”知晓率最高(53.23%);小学人群对“止痛药正确理解”知晓率最高(62.15%)。职员和农民工均对“药盒上‘OTC’含义”知晓率最低,分别为17.37%和19.82%;其他职业人群均对“孕期检查次数”知晓率最低,分别为25.26%、25.26%、16.87%和23.12%。结论应针对不同人群实行健康干预,以提高我国居民的基本医疗素养水平。  相似文献   

6.
目的了解池州市育龄妇女心理健康和精神疾病预防知识知晓情况,为制定妇女心理健康和精神预防知识健康教育措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,采用精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷对池州市所辖三县一区共1 819名15~49岁育龄妇女的心理健康及精神疾病预防知识进行调查。结果调查对象的心理健康和精神疾病预防知识知晓率为81.3%,其中精神卫生纪念日知识的正确率最低,为22.8%,不同育龄妇女人群、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度的调查对象,心理健康和精神疾病预防知识知晓率的差异,存在统计学意义(P0.01)。结论池州市妇女心理健康和精神疾病预防知识知晓率总体较高,对精神疾病及有关纪念日方面知识的知晓程度较低,应重点加强对文化程度低、30岁以上、离异和丧偶、一般妇女人群的心理健康和精神疾病预防知识宣教工作。  相似文献   

7.
目的了解平湖市公民健康知识知晓率和健康行为持有率水平,分析不同生活环境、性别、年龄、文化程度对健康知识掌握和健康行为养成的影响。方法采用单纯随机抽样的方法抽取调查对象,开展匿名自答式问卷调查。结果共调查1456人,回收有效问卷1432份,有效回收率为98.35%。浙江省平湖市公民健康知识知晓率为76.16%,行为持有率为66.47%;居民健康知识知晓率与年龄、性别、文化程度和人群类别相关,51岁以上组达标率是对照组的3.129倍;居民健康行为持有率最重要的因素是性别、文化程度和人群类别,与文化程度呈正相关,大专以上学历持有达标率最高,是小学学历的2.842倍。结论平湖市城乡居民的健康知识知晓率和健康行为持有率与深圳、江苏居民相近,但低于国家相关标准,应抓准其重点影响因素,开展针对性的干预活动。  相似文献   

8.
湖南省社区人群高血压知晓率分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的 了解社区人群高血压知晓状况,为社区人群高血压的预防控制提供资料。方法 采取分层整群抽样法,抽取长沙城区与岳阳农村15岁以上的人群进行调查。结果 湖南省城乡人群高血压知晓率为58.65%,其中城乡分别为69.4%和43.0%;各年龄组中,城乡居民均以25岁年龄组高血压知晓率最低,45岁起显著增高;高血压知晓率随文化程度的增高而上升;不同性别和不同体质指数人群的高血压知晓率差别无显著意义。结论 高血压知晓率的主要影响因素为城乡、年龄和文化程度。  相似文献   

9.
目的了解城乡居民常见传染病预防知识水平和相关传播渠道现状。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,对济宁市、银川市和大同市的943名城乡居民进行问卷调查。结果95%以上的调查对象能够辨别中风、肿瘤、心脏病和高血压为非传染病,而艾滋病、乙肝、流感的传染病辨别率相对较低,分别为88.4%、77.8%和76.7%,感染性腹泻和狂犬病的传染病辨别率仅为29.8%和35.6%;城乡居民的常见传染病预防知识知晓率分别为37.2%和31.9%,低年龄组调查对象的常见传染病预防知识知晓率高于高年龄组(P〈0.01),文化程度越高,知识知晓率越高(P〈0.01);城市居民和农村居民认为最有效的传染病预防知识传播渠道均为人际传播活动(平均应答率分别为85.05%和87.64%);城乡居民经常看电视的时间段为晚上(61.9%)和中午(13.3%),常听广播的时间段为早晨(31.2%)和晚上(25.2%)。结论城乡居民的常见传染病预防知识水平较低,基本知识匮乏;老年人和低文化程度人群是常见传染病预防的重点人群,进行传染病预防宣传时应考虑城乡、性别和民族等人群特征因素;人际传播是最适合城乡居民的传染病预防知识传播渠道,大众传媒较适合城市居民,平面和实物宣传材料较适合农村居民。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]了解浙江省社区居民高血压知识知晓情况及影响因素,为干预提供信息。[方法]用多阶段随机整群抽样法,对浙江省5个社区35周岁以上居民共6902人进行问卷调查,用非条件logistic回归分析影响因素。[结果]高血压知晓率为45.9%,城高于乡,年龄65岁以上者偏低,文化程度高者知晓率也高,干部与职员最高。主要影响因素有年龄、文化程度、职业(农业劳动者、家务)、是否享有医疗保障、高血压史和高血压家族史,OR值分别为0.99、2.86、0.57、1.59、2.97和1.59。[结论]浙江省社区居民高血压知识知晓率较低,要广泛开展宣传教育,尤其是农村社区、高龄和文化程度较低的人群。  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of common mental disorders in groups with a high percentage of families who have been displaced by armed conflict and political instability and are living in urban slum areas on the outskirts of Sincelejo, a city in the department of Sucre, Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with two-stage random cluster sampling, in slum neighborhoods of Sincelejo that contain a high percentage of displaced persons. A household survey of persons 18 years old or older was used to determine the presence of common mental disorders-psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, and depression-in the population studied. A score of 7 or more on the first 20 questions of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) of the World Health Organization was used to determine the presence of a common mental disorder. We searched for associations among the studied variables (age group, gender, type of health care card, and length of residence in the neighborhood) and among those variables and the score on the SRQ. The chi-square test was used, with statistical significance set at 0.05. Logistic regression was carried out with all the related variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of common mental disorders in the adult population of the neighborhoods studied was 27.2% (95% confidence interval (95% CI)=24.0% to 30.0%); 13.6% (95% CI=11.4% to 16.1%) of the population surveyed had problems with excessive alcohol consumption. There was an association between the prevalence of common mental disorders and the type of health care card used (odds ratio=1.66 for persons using the health care card for displaced persons versus persons using other types of health care cards). In addition, there was an association between the prevalence of common mental disorders and gender (OR=1.78 for women); this association remained after adjusting for other explanatory variables. CONCLUSIONS: Using the study criteria (type of health care card and length of time living in the slum area), it was difficult to separate the displaced persons from other persons living in the same slum areas, and thus to measure the prevalence of common mental disorders among just the displaced persons. The prevalence of common mental disorders in the urban population studied showed a statistical association with the type of health care card, which in turn determined the level of access to public health services. This association between the type of health care card held and the prevalence of common mental disorders is strong enough to justify providing mental health care services to persons who have the health care card for displaced persons.  相似文献   

12.
目的通过调查深圳市宝安区劳务工对心理卫生知识的掌握情况,为开展劳务工心理卫生工作提供参考。方法自编心理卫生知识调查问卷,在深圳市宝安区劳务工中开展调查并进行分析。结果宝安区劳务工最熟知的3种精神障碍依次是精神分裂症、抑郁症和焦虑症(88.8%、71.0%和43.6%);总体来讲,受教育程度越高,对精神障碍名称的认知程度越高(χ2=57.859,P〈0.001)。对于抑郁症和精神分裂症常见表现,学历越高,认知程度越高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=58.199,P〈0.001;χ2=18.902,P〈0.001)。对心理问题或精神疾病的首选建议是精神科/心理科专科治疗(75.3%);然而知晓在该市或该区"到哪里看心理医生"的比例分别为15.2%和5.3%。结论有必要对劳务工群体(尤其是学历较低者)加强有针对性的心理健康知识普及教育。  相似文献   

13.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that poor material standard of living is independently associated with the prevalence of the common mental disorders after adjusting for occupational social class, and to estimate the population impact of poor material standard of living on the prevalence of these disorders. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey. Prevalence of the common mental disorders was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire, a self administered measure of psychiatric morbidity. PARTICIPANTS: 9064 adults aged 16-75 living in private households in England, Wales, and Scotland. MAIN RESULTS: The common mental disorders were significantly associated with poor material standard of living, including low household income (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00, 1.54) and not saving from income (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15, 1.45), after adjusting for occupational social class and other potential confounders. An independent association was also found with occupational social class of the head of household among women, but not men, after adjusting for material standard of living. The adjusted population attributable fraction for poor material standard of living (using a five item index) was 24.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Like mortality and physical morbidity, common mental disorders are associated with a poor material standard of living, independent of occupational social class. These findings support the view that recent widening of inequalities in material standards of living in the United Kingdom pose a substantial threat to health.    相似文献   

14.
It is still not known whether the places that people live affect their mental health. The principal aim of this 1991 study was to quantify simultaneously variance in the prevalence of the most common mental disorders, anxiety and depression, in Britain at the individual, household, and electoral ward levels. Data from a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of 8,979 adults aged 16-74 years living in private households nested within 642 electoral wards in England, Wales, and Scotland were analyzed by using multilevel logistic and linear regression. Common mental disorders were assessed by using the General Health Questionnaire. Less than 1% of the total variance in General Health Questionnaire scores occurred at the ward level. This variance was further reduced and was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for characteristics of persons. By contrast, the proportion of total variance at the household level (14.4%, 95% confidence interval: 11.4, 17.5 in the null model) (p < 0.001) was statistically significant and remained so after adjustment for individual- and household-level exposures. While these findings suggest that future interventions should target persons and households rather than places, further research is first required to establish whether other (particularly smaller) areas lead to similar results.  相似文献   

15.
Association between common mental disorders (CMDs), equity, poverty and socio-economic functioning are relatively well explored in high income countries, but there have been fewer studies in low and middle income countries, despite the considerable burden posed by mental disorders, especially in Africa, and their potential impact on development. This paper reports a population-based epidemiological survey of a rural area in Kenya. A random sample of 2% of all adults living in private households in Maseno, Kisumu District of Nyanza Province, Kenya (50,000 population), were studied. The Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R) was used to determine the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs). Associations with socio-demographic and economic characteristics were explored. A CMD prevalence of 10.8% was found, with no gender difference. Higher rates of illness were found in those who were of older age and those in poor physical health. We conclude that CMDs are common in Kenya and rates are elevated among people who are older, and those in poor health.  相似文献   

16.
深圳市宝安区社区全科医生精神卫生知识调查   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的调查深圳市宝安区社区全科医生对精神卫生知识的掌握情况。方法通过分层抽样,在宝安区的社区健康服务中心选取全科医生作为调查对象,以典型的焦虑症、抑郁症和精神分裂症个案作为案例描述,调查其对常见精神障碍的认识和相关知识的掌握情况。结果共回收有效问卷134份,深圳市宝安区社区全科医生对焦虑症、抑郁症、精神分裂症三种精神障碍的平均正确识别率为74.6%。对于非重性精神疾病中焦虑症和抑郁症,分别有85.1%和54.5%的全科医生建议咨询心理医生;而对于精神分裂症,79.1%全科医生建议看精神科医生。工作中遇到精神障碍患者,绝大多数(95.6%)会选择转诊转介专科机构,但其中只有71.4%人明确知道市级或区级精神卫生机构。结论有必要在社区全科医生中加大关于精神卫生知识的培训和宣传,提升其对常见精神障碍的识别、转诊、转介能力。  相似文献   

17.
目的 探讨精神残疾与伤害致残的关系, 以及我国两种残疾共患的多重残疾人群其残疾严重程度和卫生服务利用情况。方法 利用2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查和2009年残疾监测追踪调查数据, 提取精神残疾合并伤害致残的数据资料进行统计描述分析, 并加入权重使其结果推至全国。结果 我国2.7%的精神残疾共患因伤害导致的视、听、言语、肢体和/或智力残疾, 1.8%的伤害致残合并精神残疾, 高于普通人群伤害致残(0.94%)和精神残疾(0.63%)的现患率。>50%的共患残疾其严重程度为极重度, 46.32%共患残疾者的精神残疾和伤害致残为同年发生。需要精神科治疗的共患残疾中, 有56.25%未接受任何治疗。结论 精神疾病与伤害致残间可能存在密切关系。我国共患残疾者的治疗康复水平有待进一步提高。  相似文献   

18.
目的了解北京市房山区居民突发灾害相关知识水平以及健康教育的需求,提出开展健康教育工作的策略建议。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法对北京市房山区7个乡镇(社区)14岁以上居民进行抽样,通过问卷调查的方式进行现场调查,调查内容包括灾害相关行为和灾害相关知识两大部分。结果此次调查共抽取700人,回收有效调查问卷695份。北京市房山区居民应对常见突发灾害相关知识知晓率为总知晓率,为52.5%,应对火灾相关知识知晓率最高(65.6%),其次为应对地震灾害相关知识知晓率(61.9%)、灾后防疫相关知识知晓率(45.8%)、应对洪涝灾害相关知识知晓率(27.0%),农村人口(48.O%)和18岁以下人口(43.2%)应对常见灾害相关知晓率相对较低。参与调查的房山区居民希望了解应对常见灾害知识主要是地震(81.2%)、洪涝灾害(67.2%)和火灾(61.7%),获取各类灾害知识的主要渠道是电视广播(90.6%)、网络(52.5%)和报纸(38.O%)。结论北京市房山区居民应对常见灾害相关知识知晓程度较低,今后房山区灾害相关健康教育工作的重点应放在加强居民特别是农村居民应对常见灾害相关知识的宣传教育上。  相似文献   

19.
There have been few epidemiological surveys to establish prevalence and associated risk factors of psychosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper reports a population-based epidemiological survey in rural Kenya of the prevalence of psychotic symptoms and their relationship with demographic, socio-economic and other risk factors. A random sample of 2% of all adults living in Maseno, Kisumu District of Nyanza province, Kenya (50,000 population) were studied, aiming for a sample size of 1,000 people. The psychosis screening questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in the preceding twelve months. The response rate was 87.6%. The prevalence of single psychotic symptoms in rural Kenya was 8% of the adult population, but only 0.6% had two symptoms and none had three or more psychotic symptoms in this sample size. Psychotic symptoms were evenly distributed across this relatively poor rural population and were significantly associated with presence of common mental disorders, and to a lesser extent with poor physical health and housing type. We conclude that single psychotic symptoms are relatively common in rural Kenya and rates are elevated in those with CMD, poor physical health and poor housing.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVES: Pediatric chronic physical illness and adult psychiatric disorders are substantial sources of burden for family care-takers, but little attention has been paid to parental burden resulting from children's or adolescents' psychiatric disorders. This paper describes the predictors of perceived parental burden and its impact on the use of specialty mental health and school services. METHODS: A representative general population sample of 1015 9-, 11-, and 13-year-olds and their parents completed structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews and the Child and Adolescent Burden Assessment. RESULTS: Weighted estimates indicated that 10.7% of parents in the general population perceived burden resulting from their children's symptomatology. Significant predictors of perceived burden were levels of child symptomatology and impairment and parental mental health problems. Children's depressive and anxiety disorders were associated with less burden than other diagnoses. The effects of child disorder severity on specialty mental health service use appeared to be mediated by the level of burden induced. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial levels of parental burden resulted from child psychiatric disorders and were a major reason for specialist mental health service use.  相似文献   

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