结核分枝杆菌Lsr2蛋白原核重组表达及其多克隆抗体制备

目的 利用原核系统获得重组结核分枝杆菌Lsr2蛋白,制备抗Lsr2多克隆抗体。 方法 以临床标准株 H37Rv DNA为模板,合成引物PCR扩增Lsr2核酸序列,插入原核表达载体pET28a,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,柱上复性纯化后,重组蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,制备并纯化抗Lsr2多克隆抗体,采用间接ELISA和Western-blotting实验对抗体进行验证。 结果 成功构建pET28a-Lsr2表达质粒,重组蛋白Lsr2经SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定分子量为14 kD。亲和层析及柱上复性后,纯化的重组蛋白纯度在95%左右。制备的抗Lsr2多克隆抗体效价在1:5.5×10⁶以上,并能特异性识别纯化的重组蛋白和结核分枝杆菌菌体蛋白。 结论 成功在原核系统内表达并纯化了重组结核分枝杆菌Lsr2蛋白,制备了高效价的抗Lsr2多克隆抗体,为进一步研究Lsr2蛋白的功能,筛选其下游相互作用蛋白以及相关分子机制研究奠定了基础。     

贵州地区2017—2020年结核分枝杆菌卷曲霉素耐药与相关基因突变关系

 目的 检测结核分枝杆菌(M.tb)对卷曲霉素(CM)耐药相关基因突变情况,探究基因型与表型的关联,为临床使用CM提供指导。方法 收集2017—2020年某院痰抗酸染色阳性的肺结核病患者痰标本,培养获得临床分离M.tb,药物敏感试验(DST)明确菌株耐药表型;提取DNA送全基因组测序(WGS),检测CM耐药相关基因tlyA、rrs、rpsL、eis、Rv0194及Rv1258C的突变情况,探索CM与利福平(RIF)表型耐药相关性。结果 共培养123株M.tb,WGS检出6个CM耐药相关基因共23个非同义突变位点;DST结果显示52例RIF耐药,4例CM、RIF均耐药。CM耐药菌株检出rrs基因A1401G、rpsL基因A128G以及Rv0194基因C3293T和T221C非同义突变位点;CM与RIF耐药相关性分析显示,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 M.tb CM耐药可能与rrs基因A1401G、rpsL基因A128G和Rv0194基因C3293T突变有关,CM存在与RIF交叉耐药可能,在制定抗结核治疗方案时可作参考。     

Bordetella bronchiseptica fimbrial protein-enhanced immunogenicity of a Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin fragment

Leukotoxin produced by Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica is an important virulence factor in shipping fever pneumonia in feedlot cattle and is a critical protective antigen. In this study, the immune response to a chimeric protein generated by combining a gene fragment encoding neutralizing epitopes of M. haemolytica leukotoxin and a fimbrial protein gene (fim N) from Bordetella bronchiseptica was evaluated. The recombinant gene was cloned in a bacterial expression vector under the control of the tac promoter and expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in Escherichia coli. Immunization of mice with the recombinant protein, GST-LTXFIM elicited a significantly stronger anti-leukotoxin antibody response than comparable immunizations with GST-LTX fusion proteins lacking FIM N. The GST-LTXFIM was also more stable than GST-LTX during storage at −80 °C, thus alleviating a stability problem inherent to leukotoxin. This chimeric protein may be a candidate for inclusion in new generation vaccines against shipping fever pneumonia.     

A review of vaccine research and development: tuberculosis

Substantial progress has been made during the past 15 years towards the development of improved vaccines for tuberculosis. This is due to advances in the characterization of genes and antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), aided by the availability of genome sequences of different mycobacterial species and M. tb isolates and to greater understanding of protective immune responses to the pathogen in both animals and humans. More than one hundred candidate vaccines have been tested in animal models, representing all of the major vaccine design strategies, and some have now moved into clinical trials. This review summarizes recent advances in tuberculosis vaccine development.     

Potent protective cellular immune responses generated by a DNA vaccine encoding HSV-2 ICP27 and the E. coli heat labile enterotoxin

A mouse model was employed to evaluate protective cellular immune responses induced by an immediate early antigen of HSV-2. Particle-mediated DNA vaccination of mice with a DNA plasmid-encoding ICP27 resulted in the induction of ICP27-specific IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production in Balb/c mice, but little protection to intranasal challenge with wild type HSV-2. However, when the DNA vaccine was supplemented with as little as 50ng of a vector encoding the A and B subunits of the Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT), animals were profoundly protected from morbidity and mortality. The ICP27+LT-mediated protection was correlated with a large increase in ICP27-specific IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production but cytokine-specific monoclonal antibody treatment at the time of challenge showed that protection was mediated predominantly by IFN-gamma. Furthermore, depletion of T cell subsets prior to infectious challenge demonstrated that removal of either CD8+ or CD4+ T cells impaired protection with CD8+ T cells appearing to play a direct effector role. These data demonstrate that augmented cellular immune responses resulting from LT vector plus antigen vector administration to the skin are biologically significant, leading to enhanced protection against mucosal pathogenic challenge.     

Gene gun intradermal DNA immunization followed by boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara: enhanced CD8+ T cell immunogenicity and protective efficacy in the influenza and malaria models

In influenza and malaria, CD8+ T cells play an important role in protective immunity in mice. An immunization strategy consisting of DNA priming followed by boosting with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) induces complete protection, associated with high levels of CD8+ T cells, against Plasmodium berghei sporozoite challenge in mice. Intradermal delivery of DNA with a gene gun requires smaller amounts of DNA than intramuscular injection, in order to induce similar levels of immune responses. The present study compares both routes for the induction of specific CD8+ T cell responses and protection using different prime–boost immunization regimes in the influenza and the malaria models. In the DNA/MVA regime, equally high CD8+ T cell responses and levels of protection are achieved using ten times less DNA when delivered with a gene gun compared to intramuscular injection.     

Incorporation of 4-1BB ligand into an adenovirus vaccine vector increases the number of functional antigen-specific CD8 T cells and enhances the duration of protection against influenza-induced respiratory disease

T cell based influenza vaccines offer the potential for cross protective immunity to multiple clades of influenza virus. Here we explored the effect of increasing CD8 T cell responses during intranasal vaccination by incorporating a T cell costimulator, 4-1BBL. Inclusion of 4-1BBL in an influenza nucleoprotein (NP)-containing adenoviral vector increased the number of NP-specific CD8 T cells and lowered the vaccine dose required for short-term protection from influenza-induced disease in mice. At higher vaccine doses, the inclusion of 4-1BBL increased the duration of protection of mice from influenza-induced mortality. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that the major effects of 4-1BBL were directly on αβ T cells with minor additional effects through cells other than αβ T cells. The implications of these findings are that including 4-1BBL or adjuvants that induce 4-1BBL expression may be of benefit in a vaccine setting for enhancing the magnitude and duration of T cell responses to influenza virus.     

Human CD8+ T cells mediate protective immunity induced by a human malaria vaccine in human immune system mice

A number of studies have shown that CD8+ T cells mediate protective anti-malaria immunity in a mouse model. However, whether human CD8+ T cells play a role in protection against malaria remains unknown. We recently established human immune system (HIS) mice harboring functional human CD8+ T cells (HIS-CD8 mice) by transduction with HLA-A10201 and certain human cytokines using recombinant adeno-associated virus-based gene transfer technologies. These HIS-CD8 mice mount a potent, antigen-specific HLA-A10201-restricted human CD8+ T-cell response upon immunization with a recombinant adenovirus expressing a human malaria antigen, the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), termed AdPfCSP. In the present study, we challenged AdPfCSP-immunized HIS-CD8 mice with transgenic Plasmodium berghei sporozoites expressing full-length PfCSP and found that AdPfCSP-immunized (but not naïve) mice were protected against subsequent malaria challenge. The level of the HLA-A10201-restricted, PfCSP-specific human CD8+ T-cell response was closely correlated with the level of malaria protection. Furthermore, depletion of human CD8+ T cells from AdPfCSP-immunized HIS-CD8 mice almost completely abolished the anti-malaria immune response. Taken together, our data show that human CD8+ T cells mediate protective anti-malaria immunity in vivo.     

Delayed progression of murine AIDS in C57BL/6 mice pre-immunized with a highly antigenic 10-mer peptide encoded by the murine AIDS defective virus gag p12 gene

C57BL/6 (B6) mice were immunized with a highly antigenic 10-mer peptide (P12-10), which is encoded by the murine AIDS (MAIDS) defective virus gag p12 gene, emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (ICFA). One week later, the mice were inoculated with the MAIDS virus to see if the immunization affects progression of MAIDS. It was demonstrated that the immunization significantly delayed progression of MAIDS, although it failed to induce appreciable cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against the P12-10 antigen. In constrast, immunization of B6 mice with the P12-10 coupled with liposome induced substantial CTL responses but failed to protect the mice against MAIDS development. This segregation between CTL activity and in vivo protection efficacy might be worth considering when we exploit vaccines for augmenting cellular immunity mediated by CD8⁺ T cells.