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1.
扬州市广陵区儿童水痘防治情况调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
水痘是由带状疱疹病毒(VZV)引起的急性病毒性传染病,主要发生于10岁以下儿童,水痘病原体可由喷嚏、咳嗽等通过空气经呼吸道传播,或直接接触传播.病人在发病前期至疱疹结痂,具有很强的传染性.一旦在易感人群中出现水痘病人,就很难遏止水痘在该群体中的暴发.为了解我区儿童水痘发病情况及水痘暴发疫情的防治效果,开展了本次调查,现将结果报告如下.  相似文献   

2.
正水痘是由水痘带状疱疹病毒(Varicella Virus,VZV)引起的急性呼吸道传染病。水痘感染痊愈后,病毒可能会潜伏神经细胞内,进入中老年后如重新激活会引起带状疱疹。水痘的主要发病人群为5~14岁的儿童和青少年,易感儿童接触后容易发病,6个月以下婴儿较少见。水痘以冬春季高发,学校、幼托机构等比较容易出现暴发疫情。  相似文献   

3.
水痘是以发热和全身散发瘙痒性疱疹为主要特征的儿童常见传染病,是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-zoster Virus,VZV)引起的病毒性疾病,其传染性强,易感者接触后90%发病,在全世界范围内均有病例报道.接种水痘疫苗(Varicella attenuated live vaccine,VarV)是预防和控制ZVZ流行最有效的手段.随着宁波市对水痘管理的逐渐规范化,水痘报告病例数不断增加,突破性水痘病例时有发生,人们对水痘疫苗效果也越来越关注.为了解宁波市人群接种VarV的免疫效果,我们在宁波市开展了VarV免疫效果的流行病学调查.  相似文献   

4.
阴杰莹  董晓春  李琳 《中国学校卫生》2016,37(12):1913-1915
水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster virus,VZV)引起的发热出疹性疾病,儿童常见,以发热伴周身性红色斑疹、丘疹、疱疹为主要临床特征[1].水痘一般预后较好,但重症水痘或并发重型脑炎、肺炎者可致死亡.水痘传染性很强,易感儿童接触后80%~ 90%发病,学校、幼儿园等儿童聚集单位易发生暴发,严重影响了儿童的身心健康和学习生活,并造成经济负担[2].为了解天津市水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为卫生、教育等部门制订预防控制措施提供依据,现将2011-2014年天津市水痘暴发疫情分析如下.  相似文献   

5.
水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella zoster virus,VZV)属于人类疱疹病毒家族成员,为DNA病毒,通过患者呼吸道或者疱液传播给健康人,初次感染或免疫力低下者发生水痘(或者隐性感染),多为全身水疱.水痘痊愈后病毒可以长期潜伏于感觉神经末梢内,在各种原因刺激下再激活就形成带状疱疹,此时多为局部水疱并伴有明显神经疼痛.VZV是妊娠期易感染的几种常见病毒之一[1].妊娠期感染水痘一带状疱疹病毒的机会相对比较少见,但是一旦发生则可能对母亲及其后代产生诸多不利的影响[2].  相似文献   

6.
国产和进口水痘疫苗免疫效果对比研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
[目的 ] 比较国产和进口水痘疫苗免疫效果 ,了解宝山区儿童水痘—带状疱疹病毒 (VZV)自然感染情况。 [方法 ] 随机选择 2 6 5名无水痘病史的 0~ 7岁儿童调查血清抗VZV -IgG阳性率 ;选择 84名 1~ 2岁VZV易感儿童随机分成两组 ,分别接种国产和进口水痘疫苗 ,免疫后 6周采血 ,用酶联免疫吸附试验检测抗VZV -IgG。  [结果 ]  1~ 7岁儿童抗VZV -IgG阳性率分别为 2 .0 0 %、11.11%、2 0 .0 0 %、17.6 5 %、30 .77%、40 .0 0 %、32 .14 % ;免前抗VZV -IgG阴性儿童 ,分别接种国产和进口水痘疫苗后 ,抗体阳转率分别为 90 .70 % ( 39/43)和 95 .12 % ( 39/41) ,两者差别无显著性 ;两种疫苗的抗VZV-IgG几何平均滴度倒数 (GMRT)分别为 2 0 4.848( 95 %CI190 .73~ 2 6 0 4.79)和 482 .6 9( 95 %CI93.30~ 2 497.5 ) ,进口疫苗GMRT略高于国产疫苗。  [结论 ] 宝山区婴幼儿 6个月内部分存在VZV -IgG母体免疫 ,7个月后母体免疫消失 ;国产水痘疫苗免疫效果良好 ,本区 1~ 7岁儿童是易感人群 ,尤其是 1~ 4岁易感儿童适宜接种  相似文献   

7.
水痘     
水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-Zoster Virus,VZV)引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,初次感染VZV引起水痘,之后VZV可长期潜伏在脊髓神经节,病毒再激活可引起带状疱疹。虽然大多数水痘病人预后良好,但仍有多种严重的并发症可导致患者死亡。现今我国尚未将水痘减毒活疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划,水痘在我国儿童中时有爆发或流行。现就水痘的病原体特征、临床表现、诊断方法、流行病学和预防策略等做简要综述。  相似文献   

8.
水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-Zoster virus,VZV)具有高的接触传染性,通过含病毒的飞沫在空气中传播或者通过含病毒的疱疹内容物或疱疹痂接触感染。初次感染该病毒后,引起水痘,多见于未感染过此病毒、无免疫力的易感人群,主要是小儿,尤其是6月龄以上的婴幼儿及学龄前儿童。患水痘后人体产生免疫力,一般不发生二次感染。  相似文献   

9.
目的了解上海市闵行区29起水痘爆发疫情的流行病学特征,以及水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-zoster Virus,VZV)流行株的基因型别。方法根据法定传染病报告系统和疾病监测点进行实时流行病学调查,收集数据并统计分析;同时对部分临床诊断水痘病例采集疱疹液标本,采用非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero Cell)和Vero-E6细胞进行VZV分离,从致细胞病变的培养上清液提取脱氧核糖核酸进行聚合酶链反应,并对扩增产物测序,分析其基因型别。结果2007年11月~2008年4月,上海市闵行区共发生29起水痘爆发疫情,罹患271例,平均罹患率0.42%;有水痘减毒活疫苗(Varicella Attenuated Live Vaccine,VarV)接种史患者37例,占病例总数的13.65%。以2007年11、12月病例数最多,有明显的地区聚集趋势,人口流动大的地区罹患率高。2例患者VZV分离阳性,均为J基因型。结论上海市闵行区冬春季水痘疫情严峻,VZV基因型别与VarV Oka株一致。应加强中、小学及托幼机构易感人群的VarV接种,预防控制水痘疫情。  相似文献   

10.
目的 掌握深圳市水痘暴发疫情流行特征及水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster virus, VZV)病毒株的基因特征,在基因分型的基础上,探索疫情高发的原因,为水痘预防控制工作提供科学依据。 方法 对2013-2017年深圳市报告的水痘暴发疫情进行描述性流行病学分析。对部分临床诊断水痘病例采集疱疹液标本并提取DNA,采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)技术鉴定毒株,并通过测序比对分析其基因型。 结果 2013-2017年深圳市共报告水痘暴发疫情579起,有两个高峰期,分别为3-6月及11月-次年1月;以龙岗区、罗湖区和南山区报告疫情起数居多,分别占31.43%、17.27%和11.40%;中小学和托幼机构是主要发生场所;疫情最长持续时间为120 d。17 例患者水痘病毒核酸检测阳性,VZV均为J 型毒株。 结论 2013-2017年深圳市水痘疫情形势严峻,VZV流行毒株为J型。应对水痘易感人群加强2剂次水痘疫苗接种工作,预防控制水痘疫情。  相似文献   

11.
水痘疫苗接种的成本效益   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
水痘是一种常见的急性、高传染性的疾病 ,可感染儿童、成人。 1974年日本首先研制成功Oka株水痘减毒活疫苗 ,1984年世界卫生组织批准水痘减毒活疫苗用于婴幼儿预防接种 ,许多国家陆续开展了水痘疫苗预防接种 ,不仅能取得良好的防病效果 ,而且可较大地减轻疾病负担。对儿童、青少年、成人、育龄期妇女和免疫功能抑制患者分别进行的经济学评价表明 ,接种水痘疫苗具有较好的成本效益结果。  相似文献   

12.
In 2004, a general varicella immunization was introduced in Germany for infants from the age of 11 months, followed by the subsequent recommendation in 2009 of a second vaccine dose. The vaccination is carried out at the same time as the immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR). Results of the nationwide sentinel surveillance of varicella and herpes zoster implemented by the Varicella Working Group (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Varizellen, AGV) show that the defined goals for varicella immunization (reduction of varicella-related morbidity, complications and hospitalizations) have been reached within a few years owing to the advances in vaccine coverage. Although coverage rates for varicella have not yet reached the same levels as for MMR, varicella immunization seems to have benefited from the established MMR immunization schedule. Moreover, there is no evidence for an adverse effect on the use and acceptance of the MMR vaccine. Lessons learnt in measles epidemiology (such as trends in the incidence of the disease in adolescents and infants), as well as in the history of MMR recommendations, may be useful for the evaluation of future epidemiological changes with respect to varicella and herpes zoster. In view of a rapidly waning immunity against the varicella zoster virus after vaccination with one dose and the lifelong persistence of the virus, achieving a robust and sustainable immunity in the general population seems to be an ambitious goal. However, this accomplishment will be indispensable in preventing breakthrough infections and a shift of varicella to older ages and in avoiding an increase in herpes zoster incidence.  相似文献   

13.
The aims of the study were to compare the burden of varicella and herpes zoster in Australia. No national surveillance exists for varicella or herpes zoster. We used hospital morbidity data from 1993-9 and pharmaceutical prescribing data from 1995-9. In the financial year 1998/99, there were 4718 hospitalizations for zoster compared to 1991 for varicella. For varicella the mean age of patients was 15 years compared to 69 years for zoster. The mean length of stay in hospital was 4.2 days for varicella and 12.7 days for zoster. Varicella accounted for 8396 (3726 with principal diagnosis varicella) bed days compared to 26 266 (5382 with principal diagnosis of zoster) for zoster. The in-hospital case-fatality rate was 0.4% for varicella and 1% for zoster. In 1999, 59 200 community-based cases of zoster were treated with antivirals. We estimate that 157 266 cases of zoster occurred in the community in 1999, a rate of 830 per 100 000 population. Herpes zoster has a higher burden of disease than varicella, and must be a component of disease surveillance in order to determine the full impact of vaccination on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus (VZV).  相似文献   

14.
水痘流行病学与临床特征的相关研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
水痘是由水痘,带状疱疹病毒感染引起的急性出疹性传染病,其传染性较强,尤其在托婴室、幼儿园、小学等儿童密集区域,其传播迅速,易引起暴发流行.目前水痘疫苗已经广泛使用,水痘已成为一种可预防的疾病.此文对水痘的病原、流行病学、临床特征及防治的相关研究作了综述.  相似文献   

15.
Varicella is an acute and highly contagious disease produced by the varicella-zoster virus, which leaves lasting immunity. Herpes zoster is produced by reactivation of a latent infection of the same virus. The introduction of systematic and free vaccination against varicella in children of 15 months in Navarre from 2007 onwards can be expected to produce important epidemiological changes. For this reason we describe the previous epidemiological situation in the period from 2005 to 2006. We analysed all cases of varicella and herpes zoster registered in the electronic clinical files of primary care, in the database of hospital discharges and in the mortality register. Between 2005 and 2006, 9,908 cases of varicella were diagnosed (8.29 annually per 1,000 inhabitants), with 90% in children under 15 years old. There were 80 hospital admissions (8 for every 1,000 cases), complications in 2.5 out of every 1,000 cases, and there was one death due to this cause (0.1 per 1,000 cases). In the same period, 4,959 cases of herpes zoster were diagnosed (4.15 cases per 1,000 inhabitants), half in people over 55 years old. There were 179 hospital admissions (36 per 1,000 cases), whose average age was 77, and 83 presented complications (16.7 per 1,000 cases). This epidemiological pattern is similar to that found in other places before the introduction of the vaccine.  相似文献   

16.
《Vaccine》2016,34(2):296-298
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of varicella and zoster. The varicella vaccine was developed to control VZV infection in children. The currently available Oka vaccine strain is the only live varicella vaccine approved by the World Health Organization. We previously cloned the complete genome of the Oka vaccine strain into a bacterial artificial chromosome vector and then successfully reconstituted the virus. We then used this system to generate a recombinant Oka vaccine virus expressing mumps virus gene(s). The new recombinant vaccine may be an effective polyvalent live vaccine that provides protection against both varicella and mumps viruses. In this review, we discussed about possibility of polyvalent live vaccine(s) using varicella vaccine based on our recent studies.  相似文献   

17.
《Vaccine》2015,33(21):2406-2413
There is no consensus as regards the European varicella immunisation policy; some countries have introduced varicella vaccination in their routine childhood immunisation programs whereas others have decided against or are debating. With the aim of providing an overview of the epidemiology of varicella in Europe and addressing the different strategies and the experiences so far, we performed a review of epidemiological studies done in Europe from 2004 to 2014. Varicella is mainly a disease of childhood, but sero-epidemiological studies show regional differences in the proportion of susceptible adults. Hospitalisation due to varicella is not common, but complications and hospitalisation mainly affect previously healthy children, which underlines the importance of not dismissing varicella as a disease of little importance. The experience with universal vaccination in Europe shows that vaccination leads to a rapid reduction of disease incidence. Vaccine effectiveness is high and a protective herd effect is obtained. Experience with vaccination in Europe has not been long enough, though, to draw conclusions on benefits and drawbacks with vaccination as well as the capacity for national programs in Europe to maintain a sufficiently high coverage to prevent a change in age group distribution to older children and young adults or on the impact that varicella immunisation may have on the epidemiology of shingles.  相似文献   

18.
Varicella is an ubiquitous, highly contagious viral disease of childhood which may be severe in non immune adults and pregnant women. Pediatric staff is particularly at risk of nosocomial varicella and susceptible staff should be prospectively idenfitifed by serologic tests. A number of different approaches may be used to prevent disease depending on the at risk population and the preexposure or postexposure status. This article reviews and evaluates the different approaches to the prevention of varicella in pediatric staff.  相似文献   

19.
Varicella (chickenpox) is a common, highly infectious, and vaccine-preventable disease. Before the introduction of the live attenuated varicella vaccine in 1995, approximately 4 million cases of varicella occurred annually in the United States, resulting in approximately 11,000 hospitalizations and 100 deaths. In 1996, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine vaccination of all children at age 12-18 months, catch-up vaccination of all susceptible children before age 13 years, and vaccination of susceptible persons with close contact to persons at high risk for serious complications. In 1999, ACIP updated these recommendations to include vaccination requirements for child care and school entry and for postexposure; ACIP also strengthened recommendations for vaccination of susceptible adults and indicated that varicella vaccine should be considered for outbreak control. Changes in the national annual reported incidence of varicella disease during 1972-1997 have been reported previously. This report summarizes trends in the annual reported incidence of varicella disease in selected states during 1990-2001. The findings underscore the continued need to improve varicella surveillance to monitor the impact of the varicella vaccination program and assess any changes in varicella transmission and disease.  相似文献   

20.
Tanuseputro P  Zagorski B  Chan KJ  Kwong JC 《Vaccine》2011,29(47):8580-8584

Background

Past varicella infection (chicken pox) may reactivate into herpes zoster (shingles). Varicella vaccination leads to a reduction in cases of varicella that may in turn increase herpes zoster rates due to reduction in the immune boosting effect of exposure to varicella zoster virus against varicella reactivation. We assessed the impact of childhood varicella vaccination in Ontario, Canada on zoster incidence and healthcare visits, and established baseline zoster rates prior to zoster vaccine introduction.

Methods

We used population-based, administrative databases to identify zoster incidence and healthcare use from April 1992 to March 2010.

Results

After routine varicella vaccination, zoster incidence rates decreased 29% for children aged 0-9 and changed minimally for other ages. Age-standardized rates of hospitalizations during the study period declined by 53%, while outpatient rates declined by 9%. The annual zoster incidence for those 60 or older was 740 per 100,000.

Conclusions

In the early post-varicella vaccination period, incidence rates of medically attended herpes zoster did not increase for the overall population and decreased moderately for children 9 years and younger, the age group targeted for varicella vaccination.  相似文献   

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