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1.
运动与青春期血脂关系的对照研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
本文报告了以安徽省体校、合肥市体育中学体育班学生作为运动组,市师范学校和市体中普通班学生作为对照组研究对象进行的运动与青春期血脂之间关系的对照研究。研究变量包括年龄、身高、体重、体重指数、每日能耗和血脂等。结果发现,运动锻炼可以使青春期人群血清TG下降,HDL-C和TC含量增加。多变量回归分析表明,能耗量、年龄和身高对血脂水平有显著影响。提示:运动锻炼对心血管疾病的早期预防具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
  目的  探索ATP2B1-eNOS通路基因多态性对血压表型的基因-生活方式交互作用, 为阐明青少年血压偏高的发生机制提供线索。  方法  采用方便整群抽样设计, 于2019年7-8月对3所初中872名学生进行问卷调查、人体指标测量和血液样本收集。在外周血液样本提取DNA后, 对基因多态性(ATP2B1/rs17249754和rs2070759, eNOS/rs1799983和rs2070744)进行基因分型。采用Logistic回归分析基因多态性与血压表型之间的关联并纳入交互项分析基因多态性与生活方式交互作用。  结果  青少年血压偏高的检出率为9.52%(男生9.15%, 女生9.87%), 性别差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.13, P=0.72)。男生和女生之间年龄、收缩压、舒张压、体质量指数(BMI)分类、出生体重、每日在校体育锻炼时间与每日在家玩电子游戏时间差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示, eNOS/rs2070744多态性在隐性模型下与血压偏高存在关联, 且CC基因型携带者相较于TT/TC基因型携带者血压偏高的发生风险升高(OR=3.88, 95%CI=1.00~15.02, P < 0.05)。基因-生活方式交互作用结果显示, ATP2B1/rs2070759多态性与在校体育锻炼时间对血压偏高存在交互作用(P交互=0.05)。在每日在校体育锻炼时间 < 1 h亚组中, TT/TG基因型携带者相较于GG基因型携带者会增加血压偏高发生风险(OR=2.65, 95%CI=1.11~6.30, P < 0.05);而每日在校体育锻炼时间≥1 h亚组中, 与血压偏高无相关性。  结论  eNOS/rs2070744多态性与青少年血压偏高相关, ATP2B1/rs2070759多态性与在校体育锻炼时间对血压偏高存在交互作用。青少年应增加在校体育锻炼时间, 这将有助于高血压易感者维持正常的血压水平。  相似文献   

3.
分析“52110”干预模式对中小学生健康知识、行为干预效果,为中小学生肥胖控制提供合理干预措施.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2013年9月在宁夏银川和吴忠市抽取学生2 148名,采用问卷调查和体格检查方法,评价“52110”模式对中小学生饮食运动干预效果.结果 宁夏银川、吴忠2地区中小学生对于健康饮食知晓率较高.干预前12项问题均答对者,干预组比例(52.7%)高于对照组(42.5%),差异有统计学意义(x2=14.036,P<0.01);干预后干预组(69.8%)高于对照组(64.1%),差异有统计学意义(x2=4.965,P=0.026).干预后健康饮食行为中,干预组每天食用水果、蔬菜、肉类的份数均多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);干预后健康运动行为中,与对照组相比,干预组高强度运动时间和看电视时间较少,中强度运动时间较高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).干预组干预后,身高、体重高于干预前,收缩压(SBP)低于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),干预前后体质量指数(BMI),舒张压(DBP)差异无统计学意义;对照组干预后BMI、身高、体重均高于干预前(P值均<0.01),SBP干预后低于干预前(P<0.05),DBP干预前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 “52110”干预模式对中小学生健康饮食知识知晓率和行为干预有一定的促进作用,能有效缓解中小学生超重、肥胖的发生.  相似文献   

4.
目的 探索青年学生极量运动前后血压心率的反应程度及影响因素.方法 对200名青年大学生采用800m极量跑的运动,于运动前、运动后即刻、5 min、10min时用电子血压计重复测量血压及心率1次.观察性别、运动习惯等因素.结果 青年大学生极量运动800 m后,SBP、DBP及HR均大幅度升高,休息10 min后未恢复;运动前后各时间点的男性SBP均明显高于女性;不常运动组极量运动后即刻的SBP明显高于常运动组,DBP也是如此,但差异不明显.结论 极量跑步运动可导致青年学生的血压和心率大幅增加,女性对运动舒张压的稳定作用更好,常运动者有利于稳定极量跑步运动的血压反应.  相似文献   

5.
士兵人体成分对心肺功能及体能的影响   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
目的:了解部队战士人体成分与心肺功能及体能的关系,以探讨提高士兵体能的有效途径。方法;研究对象为某部队步兵连士兵及卫生员训练队学员;应用生物电阻抗法测定人体成份;心肺功能及体能指标包括血压、晨脉、心功能指数、肺活量、100m跑、立定跳远、立定投弹、引体向上、俯卧撑,其中的人本能指标按GJB1337-92进行测定和评价。结果;连队士兵体重、生物电阻抗、体脂重、体脂含量明显低于卫训队学员,而瘦体重、瘦体含明显高于卫训队;两组舒张压、晨脉、心功能指数有明显差别,连队心脏功能明显优于卫训队;除100m跑和立定跳远外,其它运动能力连队均明显高于卫训队;肥胖及运动能力平均分<50的人数,卫训队明显多于连队;瘦体组织与连队及卫训队运动能力平均分 均为显著正相关,而卫训队体脂含量与运动能力为显著负相关。结论:士兵人体成分为心肺功能及体能有一定影响,增加士兵的瘦体组织成分,可能有益于运动能力的提高。  相似文献   

6.
Regular physical exercise and endurance training are associated with low body weight and low body fat mass. The relationship between exercise and body-weight control is complex and incompletely understood. Regular exercise may decrease energy balance through an increase in energy expenditure or an increase in fat oxidation. It may also contribute to weight loss by modulating nutrient intake. An intriguing question that remains unresolved is whether changes in nutrient intake or body composition secondarily affect spontaneous physical activity. If this were the case, physical activity would represent a major adaptative mechanism for body-weight control.  相似文献   

7.
目的 了解长治市市区小学生及其家长有关高血压及其影响因素的相关知识,探讨家庭减盐健康教育在控制血压中的作用,为高血压的有效防控提供参考依据。方法 从长治市28所小学的五年级中各选取一个班,随机分为干预组和对照组,每班中再随机抽取10名学生及其家长作为研究对象。干预组学生进行3.5个月的减盐健康教育,并将减盐相关知识传递给家长。然后对两组学生和家长进行健康教育前后的问卷调查和体格检查。结果 学生和家长健康教育后对食盐推荐摄入量的知晓率提高。健康教育后干预组家长收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)较之前增加了(1.79±11.35) mm Hg,对照组增加了(4.73±13.24) mm Hg,差别有统计学意义(t=2.703,P=0.007);健康教育后干预组家长舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)增加(1.37±9.50) mm Hg,对照组增加(3.09±10.23) mm Hg,差别有统计学意义(t=2.711,P=0.007)。多元回归分析结果显示干预组女性体质指数(body mass index,BMI)越高,基线SBP越低,则家长的SBP差值越大;干预组BMI越高,基线DBP越低,则家长的DBP差值越大。结论 小学生家庭减盐健康教育可以有效地降低家长的血压水平,对高血压的防控有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

8.
Food intake and physical exercise affect two components of energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF). Classic studies of overfeeding and underfeeding clearly showed that caloric deficit and surfeit conditions alter RMR. Recent work on short-term overfeeding of monozygotic twins provides new evidence that genetic factors influence individual sensitivity to changes in RMR and TEF when caloric excess is present. Exercise affects energy expenditure during nonactive times; acute bouts of vigorous exercise may result in increased RMR, and this effect appears most pronounced in the first 12 h after exercise. Acute exercise may potentiate the thermic effects of food when they are taken together, and high levels of exercise training may increase RMR. Thus, physical exercise appears to play an important role in the regulation of energy balance by way of its direct energy cost and its influence on RMR and TEF.  相似文献   

9.
An individual's diet affects numerous physiological functions and can play an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that dietary flavanols can be an important modulator of vascular risk. Diets and plant extracts rich in flavanols have been reported to lower blood pressure, especially in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. Flavanols may act in part through signaling pathways that affect vascular function, nitric oxide availability, and the release of endothelial-derived relaxing and constricting factors. During exercise, flavanols have been reported to modulate metabolism and respiration (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake, O2 cost of exercise, and energy expenditure), and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in increased skeletal muscle efficiency and endurance capacity. Flavanol-induced reductions in blood pressure during exercise may decrease the work of the heart. Collectively, these effects suggest that flavanols can act as an ergogenic aid to help delay the onset of fatigue. More research is needed to better clarify the effects of flavanols on vascular function, blood pressure regulation, and exercise performance and establish safe and effective levels of intake. Flavanol-rich foods and food products can be useful components of a healthy diet and lifestyle program for those seeking to better control their blood pressure or to enhance their physical activity.

Key teaching points

? Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that dietary flavanols can reduce the risk of vascular disease.

? Diets and plant extracts rich in flavanols have been reported to lower blood pressure and improve exercise performance in humans.

? Mechanisms by which flavanols may reduce blood pressure function include alterations in signaling pathways that affect vascular function, nitric oxide availability, and the release of endothelial-derived relaxation and constriction factors.

? Mechanisms by which flavanols may enhance exercise performance include modulation of metabolism and respiration (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake, O2 cost of exercise, and energy expenditure) and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. These effects can result in increased skeletal muscle efficiency and endurance capacity.

? Further research is needed to clarify the amount, timing, and frequency of flavanol intake for blood pressure regulation and exercise performance.

  相似文献   

10.
Activity intensity is a potential determinant of activity-induced energy expenditure. Tri-axial accelerometery is the most objective measurement technique for the assessment of activity intensity, in combination with doubly-labelled water for the measurement of energy expenditure under free-living conditions. Data on the effects of subject characteristics, including body size and age, and exercise training on the relationship between activity intensity and daily energy expenditure are reviewed. Average daily metabolic rate and non-basal energy expenditure are positively related to body size. The duration and intensity of physical activities do not need to be equivalent to the energy spent on activity. Obese subjects spend more energy on physical activity but can perform fewer activities, especially high-intensity (weight-bearing) activities, because of their higher body weight. Physical activity generally declines gradually from about 60 years of age onwards. Most subjects > 80 years have an activity level well below the level defined for sedentary middle-aged adults. Spending relatively more time on low-intensity activities has a negative effect on the mean physical activity level. To obtain a higher physical activity level does not necessarily imply high-intensity activities. In an average subject 25% of the activity-induced energy expenditure may be attributed to high-intensity activities. Exercise training, as a form of high-intensity activity, affects the physical activity level more in younger subjects than in elderly subjects.  相似文献   

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