231名噪声作业工人听力测试结果分析

目的探讨生产性噪声对作业工人听力的影响。方法对231名冲压车间工人进行纯音电测听检查，将听力损失及其与工龄的关系分别进行统计学分析。结果听力损失共计191人，占受检人数的82．7％；听力损伤50人（占受检人数的21．6％），其中轻度听损44人，中度听损4人，重度听损及噪声聋各1人。4KHz高频听阈听力损失人数最多。听力损失随工龄增加而升高，不同工龄组间听力损失比较有统计学意义（Х^2=23．04，P〈0．01）。结论生产性噪声对作业工人高频听阈听力有影响，并随噪声作业工龄增加，听力损失危险率也明显增加。建议加强个人防护，建立健康监护档案，控制职业性噪声聋发生。     

武汉市某钢铁公司冷轧和条材厂噪声作业工人听力检查结果

目的分析不同工龄、性别与噪声作业工人听力损伤的关系,为钢铁企业开展噪声危害控制提供参考依据。方法根据GBZ188—2006噪声作业工人健康检查规范,对武汉市某钢铁厂1697名噪声作业工人听力检查结果进行分析。结果不同暴露工龄组听力损伤发生率的差异有统计学意义（X^2=175．69,P〈0．01）;随着噪声暴露时间的增加,作业人员语频、高频损伤发生率的变化总体呈现递增趋势,且随工龄增长,听力损伤的轻、中、重程度发生率也出现逐渐增加趋势。不同性别人员的听力损伤情况差异有统计学意义（X^2=30．879,P〈0．01）。结论噪声作业人员听力损失的发生率及严重程度与工龄有关,且存在性别差异。     

某飞机制造企业接触噪声作业铆工听力损失分析

目的 调查某飞机制造企业铆工车间接触噪声作业铆工听力损失的情况. 方法对接触噪声作业铆工各频段听力损失与工龄的关系进行了比较. 结果随工龄的增加听力损失的危险率增加,各工龄组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). 结论建议采取积极的预防措施以防止职业性噪声聋的发生.     

天津市某厂噪声作业工人电测听结果分析

目的观察强稳态噪声对作业工人各频率听力损失的影响程度.方法将天津市某工厂229名噪声作业工人设为观察组,接触噪声强度为90～95dB(A);将该厂无噪声接触史人员156名设为对照组.对两组电测听结果进行统计学分析.结果两组电测听各频率异常耳数比较差异有显著性或有高度显著性.接触组听力损失与工龄的关系比较:不同工龄段的差异有显著性或有高度显著性.结论噪声作业环境对作业工人听力有影响,并随噪声作业工龄增加听力损失危险率增加.     

噪声作业职工电测听结果分析

目的 探讨生产性噪声对作业工人听力的影响.方法 对某卷烟厂135名工人进行纯音电测听检查,并进行统计学分析.结果 听力损失27人(占受检人数的20％),其中轻度听损17人,中度听损5人,重度听损5人.听力损失随工龄增加而升高,不同工龄组间听力损失比较有统计学意义(x2=3.5,P＜0.01).结论 随噪声作业工龄增加,听力损失危险率也明显增加.建议加强个人防护,建立健康监护档案,控制职业性噪声聋发生.     

深圳龙岗区职业性噪声与听力损失的流行病学研究

目的 对调查深圳市龙岗区噪声企业工人听力损失的评价指标进行探讨。方法 采用横断面流行病学调查方法，对深圳市龙岗区6家企业的稳态噪声作业环境进行调查，对386名接触噪声人员进行职业卫生学调查和听力测定，听力测定参照《职业性听力损伤诊断标准》（GBZ49—2002），并计算累积噪声暴露量（CNE）。结果 386名噪声作业人员高频听力损伤发生率为74．09％，语频听力损伤发生率为50．52％；随CNE增加，听力损伤发生率有增高趋势（P〈0．05）；Logistic回归分析表明，高频、语频听损发生率与CNE呈显著相关，而与工龄的相关性不明显。结论 在特区经济模式下CNE作为听力健康的评价指标比工龄史敏感。     

汕头市某发电厂职业性噪声致工人听力损失状况调查

目的调查分析汕头市某发电厂职业性噪声致工人听力损失状况。方法2012年选择某发电厂涉及到噪声作业的车间工人562例为调查对象,对该工厂作业岗位噪声进行测量,并对工人进行听力学检测。结果噪声作业的562例车间工人中有163例工人有不同程度的听力损伤,占29．0％。不同年龄间听力损失状况比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。不同性别组、工龄组、噪声强度组的听力损失状况比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。Spearman等级相关分析示,随着工龄、噪声强度的增加,听力损失程度加重。结论该发电厂噪声对工人的听力存在一定程度损伤,其听力损伤程度与性别、工龄及噪声强度密切相关。     

某企业噪声作业工人听力损失状况分析

目的了解生产性噪声对工人听力损失的影响。方法选择某企业长期接触生产性噪声的工人进行纯音听力检测。并对听力损失情况进行分析。结果在130名噪声作业工人的纯音听阈检测中,检出听力损失28人,检出率21.54%,语频听力损失18人（13.85%）,高频听力损失14人（10.77%）,双频损失4人（3.08%）;听力损失发生率随工龄增加而升高。结论生产性噪声对作业工人的听力损失有较大影响,应加强个体保护。     

2010-2012年某印刷厂噪声作业人员听力损失调查

目的探讨生产性噪声对印刷厂车间噪声作业工人听力损失的连续性影响,为保护噪声职业接触者身体健康,控制职业病危害因素提供依据。方法回顾性分析某印刷厂车间噪声接触人员连续三年的纯音听阈测试结果,结合15个噪声监测点的现场噪声强度,分析连续3年听力损失的动态变化及其影响因素。结果随着噪声接触时间的延长,4．0kHz及6．0kHz频率听力损失的差异有统计学意义（F=1．333、1．045,P〈0．01）。10年及以上工龄组工人听力损失率（46．51％）高于10年以下工龄组（14．48％）。性别、噪声强度、工龄、年龄是听力损失发生的独立危害因素,男性高于女性,85dB（A）以上的噪声强度下及lO年以上工龄者听力损失发生的风险较高,年龄≥50岁组发生听力损失的风险较〈50岁组高（OR值分别为2．721、2．376、2．044、2．816）。结论噪声暴露剂量和听力损失存在一定的剂量一反应关系。     

沙漠油田作业工人听力损失分析

目的掌握沙漠油田作业工人听力损失状况,为采取预防措施提供依据。方法按噪声暴露分组,噪声观察组256人,对照组188人为非接触噪声人员。用常规方法测量每个工人的左右耳高频气导听阈,按GBZ 49-2007标准对听阈作年龄和性别修正,并诊断是否为听力损失,比较两组工人听力状况。结果作业现场共监测19个噪声点,其中有3个点超过国家卫生标准,超标率为15.79%;噪声强度为78~97 dB,平均（85.0±2.0）dB;噪声组中单耳听力损失罹患率为17.77%,明显高于对照组（11.44%）（χ2=6.795,P〈0.01）,且噪声组随接噪工龄延长,听力损失罹患率有增高趋势,工龄10年以上的高频听力损失明显增高,噪声组和非噪声组中,男性听力损失罹患率显著高于女性（P〈0.05）。结论提示泵工、锅炉工等工种高强度噪声引起作业人员听力损失。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

Trends in changes in plant fiber consumption in Poland

The purpose of the study was an analysis of changes in the consumption of plant fibre in Poland in the period 1950-1987. The analysis included plant fibre content in four groups of products considered as the main source of fibre in diet: cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fruit. A reduction was noted in the consumption of plant fibre in general, and the fibre present in cereals and potatoes, while that present in fruit and vegetables has increased. The pattern of plant fibre consumption in Poland is becoming ever more similar to that in highly developed countries. Systematic studies are proposed on the consumption of plant fibre by various groups of the population. It would be indicated to explain to the population the importance and role of plant fibre and introduction for marketing of food providing this fibre, in the first place increased supply of brown bread.     

Increase in social inequality in health expectancy in Denmark

AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.