微小RNA与肿瘤诊断

微小RNA（miRNA）能在转录后水平调节mRNA表达。miRNA与胃肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌和肝癌等多种肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关,而且很多miRNA在肿瘤中表达水平明显异常。miRNA可作为一种标志物用于多种肿瘤的诊断。     

MicroRNA在肿瘤诊治中的研究进展

MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA,在转录后水平通过负性调节基因的表达从而维持细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等多种过程的动态平衡。大量研究已表明,作为肿瘤抑制和致癌途径中组成部分的miRNA,它们表达的异常与多种癌症的发生相关。尽管目前在控制肿瘤形成方面已有进展,但是针对不同的肿瘤仍缺乏有效的诊断和治疗。研究显示,不同肿瘤中具有特异性的miRNA表达谱,对此进行分析可能有助于解决肿瘤诊断和治疗方面的难题。本文对近些年miRNA在肿瘤中的相关研究做了总结,以为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新的视角。     

微RNA与头颈鳞癌的研究进展

微RNA(miRNA)在转录后水平调控靶基因的表达.头颈肿瘤中存在多种miRNA的差异表达,其参与细胞发育、增殖、分化、凋亡等一系列重要生物学进程,有望成为诊断治疗头颈肿瘤的有效手段.     

微小RNA与肿瘤浸润转移

微小RNA(miRNA)在多数肿瘤中存在异常表达,能在转录后水平调控靶基因的表达,发挥促进或抑制肿瘤浸润转移的作用,其自身的表达也受表观遗传学静息等多种机制的调节.miRNA作为一种理想的标记物,有望成为临床肿瘤治疗的新靶点.     

MicroRNA与膀胱癌的研究进展

微小RNA(MicroRNA,miRNA)是一类小分子RNA,在转录后水平对基因的表达进行调控.目前研究证明,miRNA可通过不同信号通路直接参与人类多种肿瘤的形成与发展.本文就miRNA的形成、作用机制及其与肿瘤的关系等方面予以综述,并着重介绍了miRNA在膀胱癌中的研究进展.     

微RNA与肿瘤

微RNA(miRNA)是一类非编码的小RNA分子,通过直接抑制基因转录或蛋白质的表达而在器官发育,细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等多种生理过程中发挥关键作用.miRNA异常表达往往导致包括肿瘤在内的多种疾病.研究发现,miRNA在肿瘤发生发展、侵袭转移及肿瘤的诊治中起着重要作用.     

微RNA与肿瘤

微RNA（miRNA）是一类非编码的小RNA分子,通过直接抑制基因转录或蛋白质的表达而在器官发育,细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等多种生理过程中发挥关键作用.miRNA异常表达往往导致包括肿瘤在内的多种疾病.研究发现,miRNA在肿瘤发生发展、侵袭转移及肿瘤的诊治中起着重要作用.     

微RNA与肿瘤

微RNA(miRNA)是一类非编码的小RNA分子,通过直接抑制基因转录或蛋白质的表达而在器官发育,细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等多种生理过程中发挥关键作用.miRNA异常表达往往导致包括肿瘤在内的多种疾病.研究发现,miRNA在肿瘤发生发展、侵袭转移及肿瘤的诊治中起着重要作用.     

微小RNA与肿瘤

微小RNA(miRNA)是一类小分子的非编码调控的单链RNA,它参与有机体的生长、发育等多种生理过程.近年来研究表明肿瘤组织具有不同的miRNA表达,异常表达的miRNA影响了肿瘤细胞的发生、进展、分化、转移和复发.miRNA的不同表达不仅有助于肿瘤组织的诊断,而且可以指导预后.针对miRNA为靶点的动物学研究也发现,干扰某种miRNA表达可以减小肿瘤体积,抑制腹膜转移而发挥治疗作用.     

Drosha 蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

乳腺癌是一个基因组疾病,是一个多因素参与、多步骤的发生发展过程。微小 RNA（microRNA）是一类普遍存在于多种细胞生物中、长度为18～22个核苷酸的的内源性非编码小RNA 分子,它通过与信使 RNA3末端结合沉默或降解基因,最终抑制蛋白质翻译。作为重要的调控分子之一,miRNA 可直接或间接影响细胞的时序发育、增殖、凋亡、黏附、血管形成、迁移、转移等过程。近年来越来越多的研究表明,miRNA 的异常表达与肿瘤的发生、发展等过程密切相关。Drosha 蛋白是miRNA 成熟过程中起首关切割作用的核酸内切酶之一,Dro-sha 蛋白的异常表达可以导致 miRNA 的整体异常表达,从而导致肿瘤的发生发展。最近研究证实,在肺癌、卵巢癌等多种肿瘤中存在 Drosha 的表达下调,并证实 Drosha 表达水平与患者预后相关。miRNA 和 RNA 干扰途径中的关键酶 Drosha 的表达量改变与肿瘤的发生密切相关,但其在不同肿瘤中的研究结果并不一致［1-5］。     

MicroRNA-cancer connection: the beginning of a new tale

Cancer initiation and progression can involve microRNAs (miRNA), which are small noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression. Their expression profiles can be used for the classification, diagnosis, and prognosis of human malignancies. Loss or amplification of miRNA genes has been reported in a variety of cancers, and altered patterns of miRNA expression may affect cell cycle and survival programs. Germ-line and somatic mutations in miRNAs or polymorphisms in the mRNAs targeted by miRNAs may also contribute to cancer predisposition and progression. We propose that alterations in miRNA genes play a critical role in the pathophysiology of many, perhaps all, human cancers.     

MicroRNAs as a potential magic bullet in cancer

Genes that control cell differentiation and development are frequently mutated in human cancer. Micro (mi)RNAs are small regulatory RNAs that are emerging as important regulators of cell division/differentiation and human cancer genes. In this review, the miRNA cancer connection is discussed and the possibility of using this novel, but potentially powerful new therapy, involving miRNAs, to treat cancers is speculated on. For example, lung cancer is the major cause of cancer deaths in the USA, but existing therapies fail to treat this disease in the overwhelming majority of cases. The let-7 miRNA is one of a number of 'oncomirs', natural miRNA tumor suppressors in lung tissue, which may prove useful in treating lung cancer or enhancing current treatments for lung cancer.     

微小RNA-203与肿瘤

微小RNA (miR)-203具有细胞干性抑制潜能,可通过抑制细胞干性相关转录因子的表达来调节细胞上皮样分化.研究表明miR-203在多种肿瘤组织中表达异常,包括膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和胰腺癌等.miR-203通过调节细胞增殖、分化和凋亡在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要作用.     

Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small non-protein-coding RNAs that function as negative gene regulators. They regulate diverse biological processes, and bioinformatic data indicates that each miRNA can control hundreds of gene targets, underscoring the potential influence of miRNAs on almost every genetic pathway. Recent evidence has shown that miRNA mutations or mis-expression correlate with various human cancers and indicates that miRNAs can function as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. miRNAs have been shown to repress the expression of important cancer-related genes and might prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.     

MicroRNAs as biomarkers and prospective therapeutic targets in colon and pancreatic cancers

Colon and pancreatic cancers have high mortality rates due to early metastasis prior to the onset of symptoms. Screening tests for colorectal cancer are invasive and expensive. No effective screening is available for pancreatic cancer. Identification of biomarkers for early detection in both of these cancers is being extensively researched. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding molecule biomarkers that regulate cancers. Measurement of miRNAs in pancreatic fluid or blood could be a preferred non-invasive screening method. The regulation of colon and pancreatic cancers by miRNA is complex. miRNA play a central role in inflammation, invasiveness, and tumor progression in these two cancers, as well as regulation of the NF-κB pathway. miRNA’s evolving role in screening is also reviewed.     

microRNA在胃癌中的生物学作用

microRNA（miRNA）是一类含量丰富且高度保守的非编码小RNA分子,调控细胞分裂、分化、调亡等重要的生物学过程,并且在很多疾病中表达失调。miRNA在多种肿瘤的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。目前,对miRNA的研究正逐步从肿瘤分子研究走向临床应用领域,作为生物标志物用于癌症的诊断以及作为靶分子用于治疗已逐渐得到确认。本文对miRNA在胃癌中作为一个潜在的生物标志物用于诊断、预后、药物反应以及易感性的预测等方面的潜能进行综述。