超选择子宫动脉与外周静脉灌注化疗宫颈癌组织内铂浓度的研究

目的:对比卡铂超选择子宫动脉与外周静脉灌注化疗子宫颈癌组织内的药物浓度。方法:选择经病理活组织证实为宫颈癌、且癌灶较大易于取材的患者13例,随机分为超选择子宫动脉灌注化疗组(A组)和外周静脉灌注化疗组(B组),以卡铂300mg/m2,一次性给药。在灌注后0min、10min、20min分别钳取宫颈癌组织,用原子吸收光谱法测定其标本内铂离子浓度。结果:(1)峰值及曲线形态:A组癌组织铂离子浓度的高峰值出现在化疗结束后即刻,且随时间的延长而快速下降,呈一下降曲线;B组峰值出现在化疗后10分钟,随时间的延长呈一弓背向上的下降曲线。前者的峰值是后者的2.79倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)灌注化疗结束后即刻,A组宫颈癌组织内铂离子浓度是B组的3.75倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)A组癌组织内铂离子药时曲线下面积(AUC0～20min)是B组的2.10倍,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论:无论癌组织内铂离子峰浓度还是AUC0～20min,超选择子宫动脉灌注化疗组均较外周静脉组明显增高,为评价动脉化疗疗效提供了基础理论依据及临床药代动力学参数。     

超选择子宫动脉与外周静脉灌注化疗宫颈癌组织内铂浓度的研究

目的：对比卡铂超选择子宫动脉与外周静脉灌注化疗子宫颈癌组织内的药物浓度。方法：选择经病理活组织证实为宫颈癌、且癌灶较大易于取材的患者13例，随机分为超选择子宫动脉灌注化疗组（A组）和外周静脉灌注化疗组（B组），以卡铂300mg／m^2，一次性给药。在灌注后0min、10min、20min分别钳取宫颈癌组织，用原子吸收光谱法测定其标本内铂离子浓度。结果：（1）峰值及曲线形态：A组癌组织铂离子浓度的高峰值出现在化疗结束后即刻，且随时间的延长而快速下降，呈一下降曲线；B组峰值出现在化疗后10分钟，随时间的延长呈—弓背向上的下降曲线。前者的峰值是后者的2．79倍，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）灌注化疗结束后即刻，A组宫颈癌组织内铂离子浓度是B组的3．75倍，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）A组癌组织内铂离子药时曲线下面积（AuCo-20min）是B组的2．10倍，差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论：无论癌组织内铂离子峰浓度还是AUC0-20min，超选择子宫动脉灌注化疗组均较外周静脉组明显增高，为评价动脉化疗疗效提供了基础理论依据及临床药代动力学参数。     

子宫动脉化疗栓塞与髂内动脉灌注化疗在局部晚期宫颈癌综合治疗中的疗效对比

背景与目的：子宫动脉化疗栓塞与髂内动脉灌注化疗是临床治疗宫颈癌的重要方法．两者疗效有无差异尚无定论。本研究比较子宫动脉化疗栓塞和髂内动脉灌注化疗在局部晚期宫颈癌综合治疗中的疗效。方法：将1997年4月至2007年11月间收治的175例局部晚期宫颈癌患者分为两组。子宫动脉化疗栓塞组92例,双侧子宫动脉插管注药后行双侧子宫动脉栓塞,65例行子宫颈癌根治术,其中37例术前采用^192Ir高剂量率腔内后装放疗。髂内动脉灌注化疗组83例,采用双侧髂内动脉插管注药,70例行子宫颈癌根治术,其中34例术前采用同样的腔内后装放疗。两组化疗方案均为以铂类为主的联合方案。根据术后病理结果,对51例有病理危险因素的患者加用外放射治疗。结果：子宫动脉化疗栓塞组总有效率为64．1％,明显高于髂内动脉灌注化疗组（47．0％,P=0．023）。子宫动脉化疗栓塞组IB期患者的肿瘤缩小有效率（77．8％）明显高于髂内动脉灌注化疗组（41．2％,P=0．037）,两组Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者的总有效率差异无统计学意义（P=0．137和P=0．524）。术后病理结果显示,子宫动脉化疗栓塞组癌细胞阴性率、盆腔淋巴结转移阴性率、无复发率均略高于髂内动脉灌注化疗组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而脉管癌栓阴性率略低于髂内动脉灌注化疗组（P=0．072）。子宫动脉化疗栓塞组1、3、5年总生存率与髂内动脉灌注化疗组相比差异无统计学意义（P=0．665）。结论：子宫动脉化疗栓塞联合术前放疗可有效缩小局部晚期宫颈癌的肿瘤体积,但不能增加病理完全缓解率、不能减少淋巴结转移和术后复发,控制脉管癌栓略差于髂内动脉灌注化疗,对远期生存率尚未显示出优势,有待进一步长期随访。     

双侧子宫动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗局部晚期宫颈癌的疗效观察

目的探讨双侧子宫动脉灌注化疗栓塞术在宫颈癌患者中的临床效果及对肿瘤标志物的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2019年1月间湖北省武汉市商职医院收治的拟行新辅助化疗的114例局部晚期宫颈癌患者,采用双侧子宫动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗的57例患者纳入A组,采用静脉全身化疗的57例患者纳入B组。观察两组患者临床疗效、手术前后肿瘤标志物水平和不良反应发生率。结果 A组患者临床缓解率为77. 2%,高于B组患者的57. 9%,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。A组患者骨髓抑制和胃肠反应发生率均低于B组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。两组患者肝功能损害和末梢神经毒性发病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。治疗前,两组患者的血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)和鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。治疗后,两组患者CEA、CA125和SCC-Ag水平与治疗前比较均降低,且A组均低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论采用双侧子宫动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗局部晚期宫颈癌患者,可降低肿瘤标志物水平,提高临床疗效,减少不良反应发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

两种新辅助化疗治疗局部晚期宫颈癌的疗效比较

目的:观察新辅助化疗局部动脉栓塞化疗治疗IIb期以内局部晚期宫颈癌是否优于静脉化疗.方法:选取44例确诊为局部晚期宫颈癌患者,新辅助化疗前均未行任何治疗,按照FIGO分期,Ⅰb期16例 ,Ⅱa 期7 例, Ⅱb 期21例;肿瘤直径为40-80 mm,平均直径60.6 mm.分两组,A组 28例,B组16例,临床分期及病理学类型相当.A组采用动脉介入栓塞化疗,方案为顺铂(DDP)50 mg/m2 ,5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU) 1000 mg/m2 ,丝裂霉素(MMC) 20 mg/m2;B组采用静脉化疗,方案为紫杉醇+卡铂( TP),剂量个体化.每例化疗均最多进行两疗程,并且分析化疗不良反应发生率.结果:A组24例患者取得明显临床好转,完全缓解(CR)8例(28.6%),部分缓解(PR)16例(57.1%)(其中1例两次介入栓塞化疗),无缓解(NR)4例(14.3%).B组 CR 3例(18.7%),PR 5例(31.1%),NR 8例(50%).经SPSS软件分析,两组χ2 检验具有统计学意义(P=0.037,P＜0.05).两组化疗不良反应经SPSS软件分析后A组不良反应较轻,与B组比较,有统计学差异.结论:动脉介入栓塞化疗治疗局部晚期宫颈癌患者效果优于静脉化疗,不良反应发生率低,能被大多数患者接受,不失为一种优先选择的新辅助化疗方法.     

选择性动脉插管灌注化疗栓塞治疗中晚期胃癌的疗效观察

目的　评价选择性动脉插管灌注化疗栓塞对中晚期胃癌的临床疗效及价值。方法　对 49例不能手术或手术后复发转移的中晚期胃癌患者行胃动脉内灌注化疗和栓塞化疗合计 1 2 7次。化疗方案FAM(5 氟脲嘧啶、丝裂霉素、阿霉素或表阿霉素 )或FPM(5 氟脲嘧啶、丝裂霉素、顺铂或卡铂 ) ,栓塞剂选用超液化碘油或超液化碘油加明胶海绵。近期疗效以上消化道造影、CT、B超、胃镜检查结果作为评价标准。结果　肿瘤原发灶有效率 54 .5 % ,局部淋巴结有效率 46 .4 % ,远处转移有效率 32 .1 %。本组 1、3、5年生存率分别为 51 .1 % ,1 3 .3 % ,4.4 %。全组未发生严重副作用及并发症。结论　选择性动脉插管灌注化疗栓塞对于中晚期胃癌是一种有效的治疗方法 ,值得临床上进一步研究     

肝动脉灌注LAK／IL—2及化疗药物治疗晚期肝癌

目的：观察经皮肝动脉插管化疗药物灌注，栓塞术联合LAK／IL－2灌注治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效、T淋巴细胞改变及副反应。方法：96例经确诊的中晚期肝癌，随机分为动脉化疗栓塞联合LAK／IL－2观察组及单纯介入化疗栓塞组各48例，两组均采用经皮穿刺肝动脉插管灌注化疗药物及栓塞。化疗药物5－Fu1000mg＋卡铂300mg 表阿霉素30mg或丝裂霉素10－20mg，栓塞剂为碘化油和明胶海绵，介入治疗3－4周1次，2次1疗程，观察组栓塞后沿导管灌注同种异体LAK细胞1×10^9100ml及IL－240万U。两次介入间隔期间观察组每周3次静滴1×10^9/100mlLAK细胞及每日肌注IL－210万U结果：观察组总有效率（CR＋PR）为72．9％（35／48），对照组总有效率（CR＋PR）淡57．3％（28／48），两组比较有显性差异（P＜0．05）。观察组T淋巴细胞治疗前后变化有统计学意义（P＜0．01），而对照组无统计学意义，结论：同种异体LAK细胞联合化疗及栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌较单纯介入化疗栓塞疗效明显提高，是安全可行的一种治疗方法。     

肝癌肝动脉、门静脉双途径栓塞化疗的临床观察

目的观察中晚期肝癌肝动脉、门静脉双途径栓塞性化疗及在此基础上综合治疗的疗效。方法40例肝癌患者随机分为A、B两组。A组20例行肝动脉碘油栓塞化疗(TAE)及无水酒精注射(PEI)治疗;B组20例在肝动脉碘油栓塞化疗1~3次后予门静脉碘油栓塞化疗(PVE)及无水酒精注射治疗。结果近期疗效,A、B两组接受治疗后肿块均有不同程度缩小,且B组优于A组,远期疗效,A组接受治疗后1、2、3年的生存期分别是55%、25%、5%;B组为75%、35%、10%,统计学上具有显著性意义,P<0.05。在治疗期间没有出现严重并发症。结论肝动脉、门静脉双途径碘油栓塞化疗联合无水酒精注射治疗,取得较好治疗效果,能有效延长肝癌患者的生存期,是目前中晚期肝癌综合治疗中比较满意的治疗方法。     

胰腺癌手术后经动脉化疗泵区域灌注疗法的作用

有研究表明 ,胰腺癌切除术后经股动脉插管行腹腔动脉灌注 5 Fu能抑制肝脏转移 ,并显著提高患者的长期生存率[1]。现将我们近年来开展的有关胰腺癌扩大切除术后 ,经动脉化疗泵行区域灌注化疗的初步结果报告如下。一、临床资料1.一般资料 :1995年 12月～ 2 0 0 1年 6月经扩大切除并存活的胰腺癌患者中 ,有 3 0例术中置动脉化疗泵 (至腹腔干 )行 5 Fu区域灌注化疗 (5 Fu组 ) ,另以 2 7例术后未行辅助治疗的患者作为对照组。对照组与 5 Fu组在年龄 (55.4±13 .9岁 ,58.8± 11.5岁 )、男女性别构成比 (16/ 11,15/ 15)、胰腺切除方式、肿瘤大小…     

血清Cys C和NGAL及U-mAlb/Cr在恶性肿瘤患者化疗肾损害早期诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys C)和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)及尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值(U-mAlb/Cr)在恶性肿瘤患者化疗肾损害早期诊断中的价值.方法 入组65例恶性肿瘤患者,分别在化疗前、后检测血清Cys C和NGAL及U-mAlb/Cr水平,并以55例健康体检者作为对照,比较各组血清Cys C和NGAL及U-mAlb/Cr.结果 恶性肿瘤患者血清Cys C和NGAL及U-mAlb/Cr化疗前分别为(2.28±1.21)mg·L-1、(158.58±20.13)ng·mL-1、(60.12±0.81)mg·g-1,化疗后分别为(3.05±1.68)mg·L-1、(237.29±25.67)ng·mL-1、(96.54±12.91)mg·g-1;健康体检者分别为(0.84±0.16)mg·L-1、(32.74±2.63)ng·mL-1、(4.15±0.47)mg·g-1,恶性肿瘤患者化疗前、后血清Cys C和NGAL及U-mAlb/Cr水平均明显高于健康体检者(P均<0.05),且恶性肿瘤患者化疗后血清Cys C和NGAL及U-mAlb/Cr水平均明显高于化疗前(P均<0.05).结论 血清Cys C和NGAL及U-mAlb/Cr水平对于恶性肿瘤患者化疗肾损害早期发现及治疗具有重要意义.     

Carboplatin is ototoxic

Summary For assessment of the ototoxic potential of carboplatin [cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum(II); CBDCA], pure-tone audiograms were evaluated in 27 patients receiving a total of 119 doses of carboplatin in the range of 300–400 mg/m². Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) was done immediately prior to and 4 weeks after the administration of 80 doses (67%). Defining carboplatin ototoxicity as an increase of ⩾ 30 dB in auditory thresholds that was unexplainable by other causes, we identified 5 examples (19%). Hearing loss tended to be cumulative with increasing dose and was always maximal at 8,000 Hz. Two patients had an increase in auditory thresholds at 1,000 Hz, but this only amounted to 10 dB in each case. Patients developing ototoxicity tended to be older. Sex, the pre-treatment creatinine clearance, the pretreatment audiogram, the number of doses, and the cumulative dose did not emerge as being reliable predictors of subsequent ototoxicity. We conclude that although carboplatin is ototoxic, clinically significant deafness does not occur with conventional dosing and routine audiometric monitoring is therefore unnecessary. However, we suggest that caution should be exercised when carboplatin is given either at higher doses or for longer periods when there is concomitant use of other potentially ototoxic agents or when there is significant pre-existing auditory impairment.     

Transarterial perfusion of liver metastases

Progressive growth of unresectable metastatic or primary malignancies confined to the liver is a significant clinical problem. Approximately 25% of patients with colorectal cancer will develop metastatic disease exclusively or largely confined to liver, the vast majority of which are not amenable to surgical resection. Despite aggressive systemic or regional chemotherapy, survival is only 12 to 18 months. More than 80% of patients with ocular melanoma develop liver metastases as the first site of recurrent disease, and death from hepatic disease progression typically occurs 2 to 7 months after diagnosis. In addition, the liver is also the preferred site of metastatic disease for gastrointestinal or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. A number of physiological and anatomic features of the liver make it an ideal organ for regionally directed therapy to allow dose intensification to the cancer-burdened area while reducing or eliminating unnecessary systemic toxicity. To that end, complete vascular isolation and perfusion of the liver using a recirculating extracorporeal circuit, also called isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP), has been under clinical evaluation at our institution and others. In this article, we review the current results with IHP and its potential utility in the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatic malignancies.     

Hypersensitivity Reactions to Carboplatin in Children

Hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin are rare but sometimes life-threatening events may occur requiring discontinuation of treatment. In our study, we describe clinical features and diagnostic procedures of carboplatin-associated reactions in children affected by low-grade astrocytoma and treated with multiple courses of carboplatin. In 6 out of 29 children, we reported allergic events.We also report a desensitization protocol for carboplatin administration, which allowed the patients to receive effective treatment without adverse reactions.     

Carboplatin and recurrent childhood brain tumors

Carboplatin, a cisplatin analogue, was administered as an intravenous (IV) one-hour infusion in a 4-consecutive weekly dose schedule to 44 patients with recurrent childhood brain tumors. Twenty-four patients were registered on our phase I, and 20 on our phase II studies. The maximum tolerable dose derived from our phase I study was 210 mg/m2/wk in patients with solid tumors, and the recommended dose for subsequent pediatric phase II studies was 175 mg/m2/wk. This dose was administered to 14 patients in the phase I and all 20 patients in the phase II study. Nine of 36 (25%) evaluable patients in the combined studies experienced objective responses for a median duration of 10+ months. Seven of nine responders had received prior cisplatin. Disease-specific response rates were as follows: medulloblastoma, six of 14 (43%) with three complete (CR) and three partial responses (PR); pineoblastoma, one of one (PR); germinoma, one of two (CR); and brainstem glioma, one of eight (13%) (PR). Carboplatin had mild emetic effects but no significant auditory or renal toxicity. Thrombocytopenia (less than 49,000) was encountered in nine of 28 (32%) evaluable trials at a dose of 175 mg/m2/wk. Because of its low potential for auditory, renal, and emetic toxicity, ease of administration, and high disease-specific activity, carboplatin deserves further study in multiagent phase II and III trials, especially in chemotherapy-sensitive diseases such as medulloblastoma.     

Transarterial embolization in metastatic retroperitoneal tumor

A case of retroperitoneal metastasis of a malignant testicular tumor treated by transarterial embolization (TAE) is reported. The tumor feeders were the intercostal and lumbar arteries. Improvement of the patient's condition could be obtained by TAE. It is suggested that TAE has some effectiveness for chemoresistant, radio-resistant or inoperable cases of metastatic retroperitoneal tumors.     

脂质体紫杉醇联合卡铂与紫杉醇联合卡铂治疗上皮性卵巢癌的疗效和安全性比较

目的 比较脂质体紫杉醇联合卡铂与紫杉醇联合卡铂治疗上皮性卵巢的疗效和安全性。方法 198例术后完成不少于六周期化疗的上皮性卵巢癌患者随机分为试验组和对照组,分别给予脂质体紫杉醇（175 mg/m²）+卡铂AUC5方案（试验组）和紫杉醇注射液（175 mg/m2）+卡铂AUC5方案（对照组）,两组化疗周期均为21 d。从第2化疗周期开始比较两组患者的疗效和不良反应。结果 试验组和对照组的总有效率分别为50.50% vs. 53.60%,差异无统计学意义（P=0.738）。22例（11.11%）患者在化疗结束停药后出现复发,其中试验组6例（27.27%）,对照组16例（72.72%）,（P=0.029）。试验组患者的过敏反应、脱发、恶心呕吐、腹泻、白细胞减少、血小板减少、肝功能损害情况均明显低于对照组患者,两组间差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。而在其他不良反应方面两组比较差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论 脂质体紫杉醇联合卡铂与紫杉醇联合卡铂方案治疗上皮性卵巢癌的疗效相当,随访期复发率更低,同时过敏反应、骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应及肝功能损害方面的不良反应发生率明显低于紫杉醇联合卡铂方案。     

卡铂在宫颈癌化疗中的应用

全文综述卡铂的药理学特点和毒副反应,主要介绍卡铂用于宫颈癌的同步化疗、新辅助化疗和晚期与复发宫颈癌化疗的临床研究进展.