LncRNA UCA1对肺癌细胞放射敏感性影响及机制研究

目的 研究长链非编码RNA (LncRNA) UCA1对肺癌细胞增殖、凋亡及放射敏感性影响及其机制。方法 运用qRT-PCR法检测肺癌细胞A549、H1299和人正常肺细胞HBE中UCA1、miR-513a-5p表达。将si-con组(转染si-con)、si-UCA1组(转染si-UCA1)、miR-513a-5p组(转染miR-513a-5p mimics)、miR-NC组(转染miR-NC)、IR+si-con组(转染si-con+照射)、IR+si-UCA1组(转染miR-NC+照射)、IR+miR-513a-5p组(转染miR-513a-5p mimics+照射)、IR+miR-NC组(转染miR-NC+照射)、IR+si-UCA1+anti-miR-513a-5p组(共转染si-UCA1和anti-miR-513a-5p+照射)均用脂质体法转染至A549、H1299细胞,然后部分组进行4Gy照射。MTT法检测各组细胞增殖,克隆形成实验检测细胞增敏比,流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡,双荧光素没报告基因检测实验检测各组细胞的荧光活性。结果 与HBE细胞相比,A549、H1299细胞中UCA1表达显著升高(P<0.05),miR-513a-5p表达显著降低(P<0.05)。抑制UCA1、过表达miR-513a-5p均可明显抑制A549、H1299细胞增殖、促进凋亡、提高放射敏感性(放射增敏比为1.897、2.146和1.615、1.872)。miR-513a-5p可抑制野生型UCA1细胞的荧光活性,且UCA1可负向调控miR-513a-5p的表达。抑制miR-513a-5p可逆转抑制UCA1对细胞的放射敏感性的增强作用。结论 抑制LncRNA UCA1可增强放射对肺癌细胞敏感性,其机制可能与靶向抑制miR-513a-5p有关。     

miR-93-5p靶向CCNG2基因对甲状腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制

目的:研究miR-93-5p对甲状腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响，并探讨其机制。方法:运用qRT-PCR、Western blot检测甲状腺癌细胞SW579、人正常甲状腺细胞Nthy-ori 3-1中miR-93-5p、CCNG2的表达；将anti-miR-93-5p组（转染anti-miR-93-5p）、anti-miR-NC组（转染anti-miR-NC）、pcDNA组（转染pcDNA）、pcDNA-CCNG2组（转染pcDNA-CCNG2）、anti-miR-93-5p+si-con组（共转染anti-miR-93-5p和si-con）、anti-miR-93-5p+si-CCNG2组（共转染anti-miR-93-5p和si-CCNG2），均用脂质体法转染至SW579细胞；MTT法检测各组细胞的增殖；流式细胞术检测各组细胞的凋亡；双荧光素酶报告基因检测实验检测各组细胞的荧光活性。结果:与人正常甲状腺细胞Nthy-ori 3-1相比，甲状腺癌细胞SW579中miR-93-5p表达显著升高，CCNG2表达显著降低（P<0.05）；抑制miR-93-5p、过表达CCNG2均可抑制SW579细胞增殖，促进凋亡；miR-93-5p可直接抑制SW579细胞中CCNG2的表达，敲减CCNG2可逆转抑制miR-93-5p对SW579细胞的增殖抑制和凋亡促进作用。结论:抑制miR-93-5p可抑制甲状腺癌细胞的增殖，促进凋亡，其机制可能与靶向负调控CCNG2有关，将可为分化型甲状腺癌的预防和治疗提供新靶点。     

miR-26b-5p靶向RAB31对膀胱癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的 探讨miRNA-26b-5p对膀胱癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响，并分析其可能作用机制。方法 膀胱癌T24细胞随机分为对照组(不转染)、miRNA-26b-5p NC组(转染miRNA-26b-5p NC)、miRNA-26b-5p mimics组(转染miRNA-26b-5p mimics)、miRNA-26b-5p inhibitor组(转染miRNA-26b-5p inhibitor)。CCK-8法、划痕实验和Transwell实验分别检测细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力，RT-qPCR检测细胞中miRNA-26b-5p和Ras相关蛋白31(RAB31)mRNA表达水平，双荧光素酶实验检测miRNA-26b-5p对RAB31的靶向性，Western blot检测细胞中RAB31蛋白表达水平。结果 与对照组和miRNA-26b-5p NC组比较，miRNA-26b-5p mimics组细胞24 h、48 h、72 h吸光度值减小，24 h、48 h划痕距离增加，穿膜细胞数减少，miRNA-26b-5p表达水平升高，RAB31 mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),miRNA...     

miRNA-98-5p靶向HMGA2调控结直肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮间质转化

目的:研究miRNA-98-5p在结直肠癌细胞中的表达水平及对癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响,探讨miRNA-98-5p在结直肠癌中的临床意义及可能的分子机制。方法:收集2016年8月至2018年2月手术切除的结直肠癌组织标本60份,实时荧光定量PCR法检测结直肠癌组织和癌旁组织中miRNA-98-5p的表达水平,免疫组化检测分析HMGA2的表达强度。分析miRNA-98-5p与结直肠癌肿瘤生物学特征和HMGA2表达的相关性。实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测miRNA-98-5p在结直肠癌细胞中的表达情况;应用miRNA-98-5p模拟物转染人结直肠癌HCT116细胞,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况,Transwell小室法检测细胞侵袭情况,Western blot检测HMGA2、E-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白表达。采用双荧光素酶活性实验验证miRNA-98-5p对HMGA2的靶向作用。构建裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,观察肿瘤生长状况。结果:结直肠癌组织miRNA-98-5p的表达水平低于癌旁组织,结直肠癌组织HMGA2的表达水平高于癌旁组织(P＜0.05)。相关性分析显示,HMGA2表达强度与miRNA-98-5p表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.536,P＜0.001)。miRNA-98-5p在结直肠癌细胞中表达水平低于对应结直肠黏膜正常细胞（P＜0.05）;与转染阴性对照细胞比较,转染miRNA-98-5p模拟物的HCT116细胞增殖水平和侵袭能力均受到抑制（P＜0.05）,HMGA2、Vimentin蛋白表达水平降低,E-cadherin表达增高。双荧光素酶报告基因结果提示HMGA2是miRNA-98-5p的靶基因。裸鼠皮下成瘤实验结果显示与Blank组和NC组相比,实验组肿瘤生长缓慢,重量明显降低。结论:miRNA-98-5p在结直肠癌细胞中表达下调,且miRNA-98-5p通过调节HMGA2的表达从而影响结直肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮间质转化状态。     

长链非编码RNA RP11-385J1.2通过靶向微小RNA-370-3p调控甲状腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭及凋亡的作用机制

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)RP11-385J1.2对甲状腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和凋亡的影响。方法采用实时荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测人甲状腺癌细胞株SW579、FTC-133、TPC-1、K1和正常甲状腺细胞Nthyori 3-1中RP11-385J1.2和微小RNA(miRNA)-370-3p的表达情况。采用抑制剂si-RP11-385J1.2和(或)anti-miRNA-370-3p转染SW579细胞,噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,蛋白质印记法(Western blot)检测凋亡相关蛋白B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)和Bax的表达情况,双荧光素酶报告系统验证RP11-385J1.2和miRNA-370-3p的靶向关系。结果人甲状腺癌细胞株SW579、FTC-133、TPC-1、K1中RP11-385J1.2的表达水平均高于正常甲状腺细胞Nthy-ori 3-1,miRNA-370-3p的表达水平均低于正常甲状腺细胞Nthy-ori 3-1,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。敲减RP11-385J1.2可抑制SW579细胞增殖和侵袭并促进细胞凋亡,RP11-385J1.2能够靶向负调控miRNA-370-3p的表达,下调miRNA-370-3p的表达可逆转敲减RP11-385J1.2对SW579细胞增殖、侵袭和凋亡的影响。结论lncRNA RP11-385J1.2通过靶向下调miRNA-370-3p的表达促进甲状腺癌SW579细胞增殖和侵袭并抑制细胞凋亡。RP11-385J1.2和miRNA-370-3p是甲状腺癌的潜在分子靶点。     

基因间长链非编码RNA00963通过靶向miRNA-511-3p调控胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的分子机制研究

目的 探讨基因间长链非编码RNA00963(LINC00963)对胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及分子机制.方法 常规培养正常胰腺上皮细胞hTERT-HPNE和胰腺癌细胞系Capan-1、SW1990、PaTu8988,将Capan-1细胞分为NC组、si-NC组、si-LINC00963组、pcDNA-NC组、pcDNA-LINC00963组、miRNA-NC组、miRNA-511-3p组、anti-miRNA-NC组、anti-miRNA-511-3p组、si-LINC00963+anti-miRNA-NC组、si-LINC00963+anti-miRNA-511-3p组.采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测LINC00963和miRNA-511-3p的表达水平,蛋白质印迹(Western blot)法检测细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)2、MMP9的表达水平,细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)检测细胞增殖,Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭,双荧光素酶报告实验检测LINC00963和miRNA-511-3p的靶向调控关系.结果 与正常胰腺上皮细胞hTERT-HPNE比较,胰腺癌细胞系Capan-1、SW1990、Pa-Tu8988中LINC00963相对表达量均升高,miRNA-511-3p相对表达量均降低(P<0.05).与si-NC组比较,si-LINC00963组中cyclin D1、MMP2、MMP9相对表达量均降低,细胞活性降低,细胞迁移和侵袭数目均减少(P<0.05);与miRNA-NC组比较,miRNA-511-3p组中cyclin D1、MMP2、MMP9相对表达量均明显降低,细胞活性明显降低,细胞迁移和侵袭数目均明显减少(P<0.01).miRNA-511-3p与LINC00963野生型报告质粒共转染后Ca-pan-1细胞的荧光素酶活性明显低于miRNA-NC与LINC00963野生型报告质粒共转染后的细胞(P<0.01).与si-LINC00963+anti-miRNA-NC组比较,si-LINC00963+anti-miRNA-511-3p组中cyclin D1、MMP2、MMP9相对表达量均升高,细胞活性升高,细胞迁移和侵袭数目均增加(P<0.05).结论 低表达LINC00963可通过靶向上调miRNA-511-3p的表达抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭.     

miRNA-139-5p通过靶向调控CXCR4/CXCL12信号通路逆转非小细胞肺癌A549细胞顺铂耐药

目的:探讨miRNA-139-5p对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞顺铂（cisplatin,DDP）耐药的影响,及其可能的分子机制。方法:采用DDP浓度递增法诱导A549细胞建立DDP耐药细胞株A549/DDP,将miR-139-5p mimics、无义序列（mimics-NC）、CXCR4过表达质粒（pcDNA3.1-CXCR4）、pcDNA3.1空载质粒（Vector）转染至A549/DDP细胞中,将细胞分为mimics-NC组（转染无义序列）、mimics组（转染miR-139-5p mimics）、mimics+Vector组（共转染miR-139-5p mimics和空载质粒）和mimics+CXCR4组（共转染miR-139-5p mimics和CXCR4过表达质粒）,另设置空白对照组（blank）。不同浓度DDP处理,MTT法检测细胞增殖活性,并计算IC50值和耐药指数（resistance index,RI）;qRT-PCR法检测细胞中miR-139-5p和CXCR4 mRNA表达水平;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot法检测细胞中耐药相关蛋白P-糖蛋白（P-gp）、多药耐药相关蛋白1（MRP1）及CXCR4/CXCL12信号通路相关蛋白表达水平;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-139-5p与CXCR4的靶向关系。结果:不同浓度DDP处理24 h后,耐药株A549/DDP及其亲本A549细胞IC50值分别为（208.87±27.89）μmol/L和（31.66±6.30）μmol/L,RI=6.59。与亲本A549细胞比较,耐药株A549/DDP中miR-139-5p的表达水平明显降低（P＜0.05）,而CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高（P＜0.05）。与mimics-NC组比较,mimics组A549/DDP细胞增殖活性明显降低（P＜0.05）,细胞凋亡率明显升高（P＜0.05）,细胞中CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白以及P-gp、MRP1、PI3K（p110α）和p-AKT/AKT等蛋白表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）。与mimics+Vector组比较,mimics+CXCR4组A549/DDP细胞增殖活性显著升高（P＜0.05）,细胞凋亡率显著降低（P＜0.05）,而细胞中CXCR4、P-gp、MRP1、PI3K（p110α）和p-AKT等蛋白表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）。双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实,miR-139-5p靶向负调控CXCR4表达。结论:miRNA-139-5p通过靶向下调CXCR4表达,提高非小细胞肺癌DDP耐药细胞株A549/DDP对DDP的药物敏感性。     

miR-4728-3p通过PI3K/AKT信号通路调控DOT1L基因抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移

目的:探讨miR-4728-3p通过调控类端粒沉默干扰体-1(disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like,DOT1L)基因对乳腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响。方法:使用乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、MDA-MB-231及人正常乳腺细胞MCF-10A。转染MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞随机分为NC组(转染miR-4728-3p-NC)和敲低组(转染miR-4728-3p-inhibitor)。利用RT-qPCR技术检测不同的细胞中miR-4728-3p和DOT1L的表达量改变情况。集落克隆形成实验和EDU实验可以同时检测体内各个细胞异常增殖的情况;TUNEL荧光标记检测法和流式细胞术实验可以同时检测不同组癌细胞的凋亡变化;划痕实验和Transwell实验可以同时检测到在各个细胞内因不同处理而可能产生的细胞迁移率和侵袭力的改变;Western blot检测与细胞凋亡状态相关细胞蛋白以及与细胞通路凋亡相关细胞蛋白p-AKT和p-PI3K相对表达的含量。结果:在乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、MDA-MB-231以及SKBR3中发现miR-4728-3p和DOT1L的表达高于人正常乳腺细胞MCF-10A(P＜0.05)。转染细胞miR-4728-3p后,与NC组细胞进行实验比较,发现敲低组细胞中miR-4728-3p和DOT1L的表达量明显降低,且敲低组细胞的增殖能力明显减弱,细胞凋亡率明显升高,细胞迁移能力大大降低。敲低组的细胞凋亡活性蛋白相对表达明显发生变化。其中p-AKT与p-PI3K蛋白均被抑制激活。RT-qPCR和Western blot实验验证DOT1L是miR-4728-3p的下游靶向基因。结论:敲低miR-4728-3p可以下调DOT1L的表达从而促进乳腺癌细胞凋亡,抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖,同时使乳腺癌细胞侵袭和迁移能力减弱。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Anastrozole and letrozole: an investigation and comparison of quality of life and tolerability

Previous studies have demonstrated that both anastrozole and letrozole are well tolerated. Letrozole suppresses estrogen to a greater degree than anastrozole in the serum and breast tumor. Concerns have been raised that greater potency may adversely affect patients?? quality of life (QOL). One hundred eighty-one postmenopausal women with invasive estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers were randomized to receive either 12 weeks of letrozole followed by 12 weeks of anastrozole or the reverse sequence. One hundred and six received immediate adjuvant aromatase inhibitors (AIs) following surgery, and 75 received extended adjuvant therapy. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Endocrine Subscale (FACT-B-ES) QOL questionnaires were completed to assess QOL on each drug. Additional side-effect profiles were collected. Each patient completed a patient preference form. Twenty-one patients withdrew before study end, 10/179 (5.6%) while taking letrozole and 4/173 (2.3%) while taking anastrozole (P = 0.12). Tamoxifen-naïve patients had a higher mean ES (endocrine symptoms subscale) score at entry versus those having extended therapy (66.0 vs. 61.9; P = 0.001). There was no significant change in FACT-B-ES (overall) scores or ES scores while patients were taking anastrozole or letrozole and no significant differences between drugs. Nearly 80% of patients reported one or more side effects with either agent. No differences in frequency, grade, or range of side effects were seen between drugs. Of 160 patients, 49 (30.6%) preferred letrozole, 57 (35.6%) preferred anastrozole, and 54 (33.8%) had no preference (P = 0.26, Pearson??s Chi-squared test). In conclusion, both AIs are equally well tolerated. There were no significant differences in QOL scores between the two drugs.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.