上海市嘉定区2002~2012年恶性肿瘤登记资料质量评价

[目的]对上海市嘉定区肿瘤登记资料可比性、有效性和完整性等方面进行分析,全面评价嘉定区肿瘤登记数据的质量.[方法]基于嘉定区2002～2012年的肿瘤登记数据,计算MV％、DCO％、M/I、O&U％、逐年发病率变化趋势的稳定性等肿瘤登记资料质量控制指标.[结果]嘉定区2002～2012年共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例21 716例,死亡病例13 859例,死亡例数与新发病例数之比(M/I)为0.64;病理诊断比例(MV％)为61.96％,呈逐年上升的趋势;死亡医学证明书比例(DNC％)为10.08％,只有死亡医学证明书比例(DCO％)为0.06％;未指明部位恶性肿瘤新发病例比例(0&U％)为2.46％,且逐年下降.[结论]嘉定区肿瘤登记数据质量逐年提升,但MV％指标仍处在较低水平,需进一步提高嘉定区肿瘤登记报告数据质量.     

2003～2007年北京市恶性肿瘤病例病案核查质量分析

[目的]对2003～2007年北京市二级及以上医院报告的肿瘤患者信息进行复核,以评估监测数据质量。[方法]检索2003～2007年北京市城区户籍肿瘤患者的主要信息变量。凡内容缺失、不详、项目校验不合逻辑及户籍不明确者,经过核查员或病案工作人员查阅住院病案,复核相关信息,补充和修改数据,通过现况描述分析质量评价的结果。[结果]全市共计复查24464例肿瘤患者的病案信息,核查病案记录的基本项目及诊断项目。其中肿瘤部位、亚部位修改4931例,占20.16%。19213例上报时无组织学诊断结果的病例,有2835例(14.76%)获得了组织学诊断,提升了病理诊断率。[结论]通过对肿瘤患者的病案再摘录,能够进一步提高肿瘤登记资料的质量。     

2010年北京市丰台区医疗机构住院肿瘤病例漏报调查分析

[目的]了解北京市肿瘤监测信息系统在收集住院肿瘤病例过程中的漏报率,评估北京市肿瘤监测系统的报告质量.[方法]摘抄北京市丰台区二级及以上医院2010年实际接诊的住院肿瘤患者病案,纳入北京市户籍患者共1 202例,与北京市2010年肿瘤发病数据库检索匹配并计算漏报率.[结果]北京市丰台区二级及以上医院住院肿瘤病例漏报率为5.1％(61/1202),其中二级医院漏报率(9.8％)高于三级医院(2.9％),三级医院各科室中肿瘤科漏报率最高.丰台区二级及以上医院住院病例中食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、胆囊癌漏报率较低,而结直肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和膀胱癌的漏报率较高.[结论]应加强北京市二级医院各科室和三级医院肿瘤科上报质量控制和管理工作,全面完善北京市肿瘤登记工作.     

深圳市肿瘤登记工作评价与分析

[目的]分析与评价深圳市肿瘤登记工作现况及存在问题,提高登记质量。[方法]通过对深圳市2000～2009年肿瘤登记资料和质控督导,统计分析肿瘤漏报率以及构成比等质控指标。[结果]深圳市肿瘤登记处2000～2009年共报告新发病例数55973例,男女性别比1.12;死亡病例数8838例,男女性别比1.58;平均漏报率3.67%;病理诊断比例（MV%）75.00%;只有死亡医学证明书比例为3.52%（DCO%）;恶性肿瘤死亡例数与新发病例数之比（M/I）为0.16;肿瘤部位不详或原发部位不明（继发）的病例比例（O＆U%）2.79%。[结论]建立在完善肿瘤登记报告系统基础上的肿瘤信息,对于制定肿瘤防治策略和规划乃至公共政策、法律法规都至关重要,建立完善的肿瘤登记报告体系任重道远。     

阳城县肿瘤登记资料质量评价

[目的]应用肿瘤登记资料质量控制指标,对阳城县肿瘤登记资料的可比性、有效性和完整性进行分析与评价。[方法]对阳城县肿瘤登记处提交《五大洲癌症发病率》（第Ⅹ卷）中的2003～2007年的数据资料中MV%、DCO%、M/I、逐年发病率变化趋势的稳定性等质控指标进行统计分析。[结果]阳城县2003～2007年共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例6 339例,男女性别比为1.29∶1;死亡4 210例,男女性别比1.42∶1。病理诊断比例（MV%）为86.05%;只有死亡医学证明书比例（DCO%）为0.47%;同期恶性肿瘤死亡/发病之比（M/I）为0.66。[结论]应进一步规范和完善肿瘤登记报告系统,重点是提高乡村一级报告人员的工作责任心和业务素质,从源头上减少漏报,并加强部门、区域间的协作交流,从整体上全面提高阳城县肿瘤登记报告工作质量。     

肿瘤登记质量与人群队列关系的探讨

[目的]提高肿瘤登记报告质量,减少数据漏报,掌握准确的全死因及肿瘤发病资料。[方法]应用户籍人15队列与登记资料匹配横向连接核对,质量控制上报数据的完整性.[结果]抽样磁县三个乡镇24个行政村2002～2007年登记数据;全死困上报1984例．队列核实后补充118例,漏报率为5．6％;恶性肿瘤发病上报例数为1084例,补充漏报41例,漏报率3．6％。[结论]采用人口户籍队列的方法,对减少漏报,提高肿瘤登记资料完整性,监测肿瘤上报数量、质量很有必要。     

拉萨市2004～2005年肿瘤发病情况

[目的]探讨拉萨市肿瘤发病的流行特征。[方法]分析2004～2005年拉萨市肿瘤登记地区病例的地区、部位和年龄分布情况。[结果]2004～2005年期间,拉萨市肿瘤登记地区共报告355例新发肿瘤病例,性别比例为1：1．86;藏族占94．4％。城市病例中,男性常见的部位是胃、肝和肺。女性是乳腺、胃、肝和宫颈;农村病例男性常见的部位是肝、胃和食管,女性是胃、肝、食管和宫颈。15岁以上病例中,城市45—59岁组和60岁以上组的比例较高。分别为56．7％和30．3％。农村60岁以上组和30—44岁组的比例较高,分别为38．7％和31．5％。[结论]拉萨市肿瘤病例分析结果提示,制订拉萨市肿瘤防治计划时,城市与农村的目标、内容和重点应有所不同。     

2009~2010年德惠市肿瘤登记资料质量评价分析

[目的]分析评价德惠市肿瘤登记上报的数据的质量,全面、准确、及时掌握人群恶性肿瘤发病和死亡及其相关信息。[方法]按国际癌症研究中心的登记软件CanReg4数据库以及IARC-crgTools工具软件,对数据进行校验以及统计分析。[结果]2009～2010年恶性肿瘤的病理诊断比例(MV%)分别为66.41%和74.05%,均达到66%以上;DCO%分别为12.11%和10.92%,均达5%以上,且小于15%,数据较为可信;M/I分别为0.68和0.61。[结论]德惠市肿瘤登记数据的完整性、有效性较高,但仍应进一步完善肿瘤报告工作流程,加强人员培训,提高数据质量。     

大连市肿瘤编码质控与CHEC软件应用

[目的]解决肿瘤登记信息在收集阶段质量控制不足，提高医疗卫生信息质量。[方法]分别建立住院与非住院肿瘤登记信息质量审核系统。[结果]参考国际癌症研究中心（IARC）IARCcrgTools的CHECK软件中与大连市肿瘤登记报告病种范围相关的编写规则与背景程序，建立全市病案管理信息系统的编码审核系统；在基层报告医院启用CanReg4登记软件作为非住院肿瘤登记信息处理系统。[结论]实现了肿瘤住院病志信息与非住院登记信息在资料收集阶段的即时性质控。     

河南省2010年恶性肿瘤发病分析

[目的]描述分析2010年河南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的发病情况。[方法]按照全国肿瘤登记质量控制指标和评价标准．对河南省16个肿瘤登记处上报的2010年肿瘤登记数据进行评估。计算恶性肿瘤发病粗率、累积率（0～74岁）、年龄别发病率以及前10位恶性肿瘤发病顺位和构成等。人口标准化率按照2000年中国标准人口构成和2000年世界标准人口构成来计算。[结果]2010年河南省肿瘤登记地区的16个登记处合计覆盖登记人口13783262人,共报告新发恶性肿瘤病例32942例,病理学诊断比例为66．83％,只有死亡证明书比例为2．79％,死亡／发病比为0．64。恶性肿瘤发病率为239．00／10万,中标率195．41／10万,世标率214．50／10万,累积率（0-74岁）为23．05％。人群发病前10位的恶性肿瘤为肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫颈癌、脑瘤、子宫体癌和白血病,占全部恶性肿瘤发病的84．40％。[结论]肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、乳腺癌是威胁河南省居民生命健康的主要恶性肿瘤。需进一步有针对性地加强癌症的健康教育和早诊早治工作,减轻居民癌症负担,降低癌症危害。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.