颌下腺癌在多形性腺瘤中预后因素分析

[目的]分析颌下腺起源的癌在多形性腺瘤中(CXPA)的预后及其影响因素,探讨其合理治疗.[方法]回顾性分析25例颌下腺起源的CXPA的临床及随访资料.所有患者均行原发灶根治性手术切除,8例接受了术后放疗.[结果]全组复发转移率为52.0％,5年总体生存率和肿瘤相关生存率分别为48.0％和53.9％.单因素分析结果显示病理分级、T分期、淋巴结转移和临床分期对颌下腺CXPA生存率的影咆有统计学意义(P＜0.05),侵袭性对生存率的影响接近有统计学意义(P=0.092).COX多因素分析显示:淋巴结转移与颌下腺CXPA的生存率有关(P＜0.05).[结论]淋巴结转移是颌下腺CXPA的独立预后因素.根治性手术以及合理的术后放疗是其治疗的主要方法.     

151例腮腺恶性肿瘤临床病理特征分析

  目的  探讨腮腺恶性肿瘤的临床特点及影响预后的因素。  方法  收集2011年1月至2018年10月于天津医科大学肿瘤医院治疗并经病理证实为腮腺恶性肿瘤的151例患者的临床资料,并对其临床病理特征及生存情况进行回顾性分析。  结果  151例腮腺恶性肿瘤患者中,病理类型包括黏液表皮样癌、腺泡细胞癌、涎腺导管癌、腺样囊性癌、非特异性腺癌。病理类型（P=0.001）、年龄（P=0.049）、面神经麻痹（P<0.001）、镜下神经侵犯（P<0.001）、TNM分期（P<0.001）、临床分期（P<0.001）、肿瘤复发（P<0.001）、术后辅助放疗（P<0.001）与腮腺恶性肿瘤患者的预后相关。其中肿瘤复发（P=0.001）和临床分期（P=0.004）为影响腮腺恶性肿瘤预后的主要因素。  结论  肿瘤复发和临床分期是影响腮腺恶性肿瘤患者预后的独立危险因素,为判断腮腺恶性肿瘤预后和制定个体化治疗方案提供了重要依据。      

输尿管癌手术预后的临床病理多因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的综合分析和评价临床病理因素对输尿管癌手术预后的影响。方法对手术切除51例输尿管癌7个临床病理因素进行单因素和多因素Cox模型分析。结果单因素分析表明:年龄(P=0.000)、临床分期(P=0.004)、组织学分级(P=0.000)及手术方式(P=0.048)与输尿管癌手术预后显著相关;性别(P=0.655)、肿瘤部位(P=0.245)及病理分级(P=0.092)与输尿管癌手术预后无关。多因素分析表明:临床分期(P=0.021)、组织学分级(P=0.001)、病理分级(P=0.048)及手术方式(P=0.039)是影响输尿管癌手术预后最显著的独立因素。结论在输尿管癌手术术式设计和选择上,更应该重视和强调根治术,在对输尿管癌术后患者预后评估及术后治疗更应该参考临床分期、组织学分级及病理分级。     

原发性输尿管癌预后的临床病理因素回顾性分析

为了探讨输尿管癌临床病理因素对预后的影响,回顾性分析1995-01-2008-12接受手术治疗的原发输尿管癌51例患者的临床资料.在51例输尿管癌患者中,年龄(P=0.000)、临床分期(P=0.004)、组织学分级(P=0.000)及手术方式(P=0.048)与输尿管癌手术预后显著相关;性别(P=0.655)、肿瘤部位(P=0.245)及病理分级(P=0.092)与输尿管癌手术预后无关.临床分期中,浅表性输尿管癌(Ta～T1) 10例(19.6％),浸润性输尿管癌(T2～T4)41例(80.4％),Kaplan-Meier法分析显示,浸润性输尿管癌生存率明显低于表浅输尿管癌,P=0.002.多因素Cox回归模型生存分析结果表明,临床分期(P=0.021),组织学分级(P=0.001)、病理分级(P=0.048)及手术方式(P=0.039)是影响手术预后最显著的独立因素.初步研究结果提示,输尿管癌临床病理分级及手术方式与患者的生存相关,可作为患者的独立预后因素.     

腮腺恶性肿瘤外科治疗130例分析

[目的]探讨腮腺恶性肿瘤的手术方法、面神经处理及预后.[方法]回顾分析130例住院手术病例,其中初治85例、复治45例、术前面瘫18例.行腮腺及肿块切除保留面神经87例,腮腺、肿块及面神经切除33例,扩大切除10例.[结果] 5年生存率为76.2%.其中术前有无面瘫分别33.3%、81.3%(P＜0.01),有无颈淋巴结转移为54.2%、80.4%(P＜0.01).[结论]腮腺恶性肿瘤的预后因素主要是术前有无颈淋巴结转移、面瘫、肿瘤的临床分期及恶性程度,首次术式选择合理是减少局部复发的关键.     

鼻咽癌136例调强放疗后预后因素分析

[目的]分析鼻咽癌患者调强放疗后的预后因素。[方法]2005年3月至2009年5月136例经病理证实鼻咽低分化鳞状细胞癌患者入组,所有病例行调强放疗治疗后定期随访,中位随访期38个月（5～74个月）。[结果]Kaplan-Meier分析显示性别对无瘤生存率有显著性影响（P=0.039）,T分期、N分期、临床分期对无转移生存率（P值分别为0.017、0.006、0.012）和无瘤生存率（P值分别为0.007、0.017、0.011）有显著性影响。Cox回归模型分析显示临床分期是无转移生存率（RR=2.963,P=0.002）和无瘤生存率（RR=2.520,P=0.002）的独立预后因素。[结论]临床分期为鼻咽癌的独立预后因素,2008分期系统能够很好地预测鼻咽癌的生存状况。     

子宫内膜癌的预后影响因素分析

背景与目的:子宫内膜癌的预后影响因素较多,但其中仅有少数因素对预后构成独立影响。本研究的目的在于探讨子宫内膜癌的独立预后影响因素。方法:对我院1990年1月至2000年12月间初治时行手术治疗的265例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,预后相关因素采用单因素分析及多因素相关回归分析,并进行逐步筛查。结果:本组病例的5年无瘤生存率及总生存率分别为83.3%和84.3%。单因素分析显示:临床分期、手术-病理分期、病理分级、组织学类型、肌层浸润深度、宫颈受累、淋巴结转移、腹腔液性质、脉管瘤栓及附件转移与5年无瘤生存率及总生存率有显著性相关(P<0.05),年龄、合并症因素与预后无显著性相关(P>0.05)。经多因素分析后得出,手术-病理分期、病理分级、肌层浸润深度及宫颈受累4个因素对子宫内膜癌患者的5年无瘤生存率及总生存率均产生显著性影响(P<0.05),临床分期仅对5年无瘤生存率有显著性影响(P<0.001),而对总生存率无显著性影响(P=0.074)。肌层浸润>50%者远处转移率(12.9%)明显高于≤50%者(0.6%)(P<0.001)。宫颈受累者的淋巴结转移率(21.1%)明显高于宫颈未受累者(3.6%)(P<0.001)。结论:FIGO分期、病理分级、肌层浸润深度及宫颈受累是子宫内膜癌独立的预后影响因素。在估计预后方面,手术-病理分期     

116例腮腺粘液表皮样癌患者的预后因素分析

背景与目的:粘液表皮样癌是涎腺中最常见的恶性肿瘤,有关腮腺的粘液表皮样癌的大宗病例报道较少.本研究旨在探讨影响腮腺粘液表皮样癌患者预后的临床病理因素.方法:回顾性分析中山大学肿瘤防治中心1980年5月至2000年12月收治的116例腮腺粘液表皮样癌患者的临床资料,对其预后进行单因素和多因素分析.结果:116例腮腺粘液表皮样癌患者的5、10和15年生存率分别为75.64%、64.55%和60.39%.单因素生存分析显示年龄、饮酒及T分期等12项因素是腮腺粘液表皮样癌预后的影响因素.多因素分析表明T分期(P=0.006,OR＞1)、病理分级(P=0.000,OR＞1)、远处转移(P=0.000,OR＞1)是影响腮腺粘液表皮样癌患者预后的独立因素.结论:T分期、病理分级和远处转移是影响腮腺粘液表皮样癌患者预后的独立危险因素.     

73例肺类癌的临床特征及预后分析

背景与目的 类癌在肺部肿瘤中较为少见、对其特点知之较少.本研究拟观察肺类癌(Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors)的临床特征并分析影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院1977年1月至2009年3月收治的73例肺类癌临床资料,分别对性别、年龄、吸烟史、肿瘤家族史、组织类型、TNM分期等进行单及多因素预后分析.结果 全部患者的1年、3年、5年、及10年生存率分别为89.7%、68.496、64.1%和55.8%,好于其它类型肺癌.单因素分析显示,吸烟史(P=0.044)、TNM分期(P<0.001)、肿瘤大小(P=0.007)、肿瘤位置(P=0.032)、组织类型(P=0.009)、有无术后辅助治疗(P=0.001)、有无淋巴结转移(P=0.002)和M分期(P=0.001)是影响预后的因素.多困素分析显示,肿瘤大小(P=0.005)、肿瘤位置(P=0.038)和TNM分期(P=0.046)是影响预后的独立因素.结论 原发性肺类癌预后好于其他肺癌、确诊主要依靠术后病理诊断,根治性手术是主要治疗手段.影响其预后的独立冈素是肿瘤大小、位置及TNM分期.     

手术切除联合辅助放化疗对腮腺黏液表皮样癌的疗效及预后影响因素

目的：探讨手术切除联合辅助放化疗对腮腺黏液表皮样癌的疗效及患者预后影响因素。方法选择80例腮腺黏液表皮样癌患者,按照治疗方案分为单纯手术组30例和术后联合放化疗组50例,对患者进行为期5年随访,以患者性别、年龄、病程、TMN分期、病理分型、手术类型、治疗方案、淋巴结远端转移等资料作为观察指标,分析影响患者预后的因素。结果术后联合放化疗组患者5年生存率为84.0%,高于单纯手术组5年生存率为63.3%（χ2=4.422,P=0.035）;生存分析显示术后联合放化疗组中位生存期为90.6个月高于单纯手术组的69.8个月,差异有统计学意义（χ2=12.039,P=0.001）。单因素分析显示年龄﹥60岁、T3～T4分级、低分化程度、单纯手术切除、合并淋巴结远端转移患者5年生存率降低（P﹤0.05）;多因素分析显示病理分型、治疗方案、淋巴结远端转移是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。结论术后辅助放化疗能够提高腮腺黏液表皮样癌患者的5年生存率,病理分型、治疗方案、淋巴结远端转移是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。     

The medically important dematiaceous fungi and their identification

Dematiaceous fungi include a large group of organisms that are darkly pigmented (dark brown, olivaceous, or black). In most cases the pigment is melanin, and specifically, dihydroxynaphthalene melanin. The diseases produced include chromoblastomycosis, eumycotic mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis. Phaeohyphomycosis is a new classification for a diverse group of previously known entities grouped together on the basis of finding dematiaceous hyphal and/or yeast-like forms in tissue; tissue involvement may be superficial, cutaneous and corneal, subcutaneous, or systemic. Identification of these fungi is based mostly upon morphology. Important structures include annellides (Phaeoannellomyces, Exophiala), phialides (Phialophora, Wangiella), adelophialides (Phialemonium without collarettes, Lecythophora with collarettes), differentiation of conidiophores (Xylohypha versus Cladosporium) and conidial hilum, septation and germination (Bipolaris, Drechslera, Exserohilum). Useful laboratory tests include the 12% gelatin test (controversial), nitrate assimilation (W. dermatitidis is negative, most other species are positive), and determination of temperature maxima (especially 37 degrees C for E. jeanselmei, 40 degrees C for W. dermatitidis and B. spicifera, 42 degrees C for X. bantiana, and 45 degrees C for Dactylaria constricta var. gallopava and Scedosporium inflatum).     

Orale Langzeitbehandlung von Onychomykosen mit Ketoconazol

Zusammenfassung: An der Studie zur Wirksamkeit und Anwendungssicherheit von Ketoconazol nahmen 27 Männer im Alter von 20 bis 80 (Median: 57) Jahre, davon 18 mit Onychomykosen und 9 als KontroUen bei den Laborwertbestimmungen, teil. Während des ersten Behandlungsmonats erhielten je 9 Patienten 200 mg und 400 mg Ketoconazol täglich. Danach wurden beide Gruppen 6 Monate mit 200 mg/d weiterbehandelt. Die klinische Beurteilung sowie hämatologische, biochemische und Plasmaspiegeluntersu-chungen erfolgten mindestens monafich, mykologische Untersuchungen wurden vor Aufnahme und bei Beendigung der Therapie vorgenommen. Erne letzte klinische Unter-suchung erfolgte 1 Jahr nach Beginn der Studie. Nach 7 Monaten Behandlung wurden 23 von 30 Nägeln mit “gebessert” bis “stark gebessert” beurteilt, nach dem behandlungsfreien Intervall galt dies für 28 von 30 Nägeln. Die Plasmaspiegel waren mit 200 mg/d ausreichend und uber den Behandlungszeit-raum konstant. Dies spricht für gute orale Resorption und Abwesenheit von Enzyminduktion. Die Laborwerte zeigten im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen und den Werten vor Behandlung keine signifikanten Abweichungen, so daß myelo-, nephro- und hepatotoxische Wirkungen von 400 bzw. 200 mg/d ausgeschlossen werden können. Der Lipidhaushalt wurde nicht beeinfluat und es trat unter Therapie als Folge der Ketoconazolwirkung lediglich Lanosterin im Serum auf. Nach Beendigung der Therapie ging der Lanosteringehalt schnell zurück. Damit erweist sich Ketoconazol in den angewandten Dosen als ein gut verträgliches und zur Langzeitbehandlung von Onychomykosen geeignetes Antimykotikum. Summary: Twenty-seven males with a median age of 57 (range: 20 to 80) years took part in this study on the efficacy and safety of ketoconazole. Eighteen men suffered from onychomycosis; nine served as controls in the safety evaluation. During the first month of treatment, nine patients received 200 mg and the nine other 400 mg ketoconazole daily. Then the treatment was uniformly continued with 200 mg/d for 6 months. Clinical evaluation and haematological, biochemical and plasma level investigations were carried out at least at monthly intervals; mycological controls were performed at the start and end of therapy. A final clinical evaluation was carried out one year after the start of the study. After 7 months of treatment, moderate or definite clinical improvement was obtained in 23 out of 30 nails. After 5 more months without antimycotic treatment this was the case in 28 of 30 nails. Plasma levels obtained with 200 mg ketoconazole daily were adequate and constant during the entire treatment period. This indicates a good oral resorption as well as the absence of induction of hepatic enzymes. The laboratory values did not show significant deviations as compared with the controls or with the pretreatment values. This excludes myelo-, nephro- and hepatotoxic effects of 400 and 200 mg ketoconazole daily. The lipid metabolism was not influenced, the only difference was the occurrence of lanosterol in the serum, which is a result of the mechanism of action of ketoconazole. After the medication period the lanosterol levels subsided rapidly. In the applied doses ketoconazole is a well-tolerated and effective drug for the systemic long-term treatment of onychomycosis.     

Laboratory Techniques Alternative to In Vivo Experiments for Studying the Liberation, Penetration and Fungicidal Action of Topical Antimycotic Agents in the Skin, Including Ciclopiroxolamine

Summary: Short-term experiments on excised skin (human, pig) gave the following results: 1. In the tissue activity test with direct inoculation (D-TAT) commercial preparations of the non-azole antimycotics ciclopiroxolamine, tolnaftate and naftifine, produced higher inhibitory activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (standard strain) in various levels of the horny layer than were produced by the azole antimycotics econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, oxiconazole and bifonazole. Fast drying solutions of antimycotics invariably gave higher inhibitory activities than creams. In the ultrafiltration tissue activity test (UFT- TAT) against Candida albicans (2 strains), antimycotic agents ranked in order of effectiveness as follows: ciclopiroxolamine – most of the azole antimycotics – bifonazole and naftifine. 2. In tests of fungicidal activity against T. mentagrophytes (2 strains) and Microsporum gypseum (1 strain) the first step was to inoculate the skin surface. After the horny layer had been penetrated by fungal mycelia, antimycotic agents of documented fungicidal potency, chiefly in the form of creams, were applied to the skin surface and left to act for up to 18 hours. The horny layer and epidermis were then scraped off and the concentration of viable fungi was determined. Ciclopiroxolamine cream and lotion produced by far the greatest diminution in viable fungi; creams containing oxiconazole and naftifine were moderately effective and those containing tioconazole and bifonazole produced a relatively small decrease in viable fungi. To avoid erroneous results it is important to homogenize and dilute the skin scrapings; if this is not done certain antimycotics will give misleadingly high fungal killing rates. At this early stage the scatter of results is still wide and minor differences in efficacy cannot as yet be detected with certainty. 3. From the results of various comparative tests it is evident that pig skin can be used as a substitute for human skin in the tests listed under 1. and 2. above. This discovery may make a valuable contribution towards limiting the need for experiments on living animals and trials on human beings. Zusammenfassung: In Kurzzeitversuchen an exzidierter Haut (Mensch, Schwein) wurde gefunden: 1. Im Gewebeaktivitätstest mit direkter Inokulation (D-GAT) wurde mit Handelspräparaten der Nichtazol-Antimykotika Ciclopiroxolamin, Tolnaftat und Naftifin in verschiedenen Hornschichtniveaus eine höhere Hemmaktivität gegenüber Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Standard-Stamm) erzielt als mit solchen der Azol-Antimykotika Econazol, Miconazol, Clotrimazol, Oxiconazol und Bifonazol. Rasch trocknende Lösungen von Antimykotika ergaben durchweg höhere Hemmaktivitäten als Cremes. Im Ultrafiltrations-Gewebeaktivitätstest (UFT-GAT) gegenüber Candida albicans (2 Stämme) ergab sich nach erzielter Wirksamkeit die Rangfolge Ciclopiroxolamine – Mehrzahl der Azolantimykotika – Bifonazol und Naftifin. 2. In Fungizidie-Testen gegenüber T. mentagrophytes (2 Stämme) und Microsporum gypseum (1 Stamm) wurde zunächst die Hautoberfläche inokuliert. Nach Durchdringung der Hornschicht mit Pilzmyzelien wirkten auf die Hautoberfläche bis zu 18 Stunden lang überwiegend Cremes von als fungizid publizierten Antimykotika ein. Während sich in abgeschabter Hornschicht und Epidermis der so bearbeiteten Hautoberflächen mit Ciclopiroxolamin-Creme und -Lotion die weitaus höchste Verminderung lebensfähiger Keime ergab, bewirkten Cremes mit Oxiconazol und Naftifin eine mittlere und solche mit Tioconazol und Bifonazol eine relativ niedrige Keimeliminierung. Zur Vermeidung von fehlerhaften Ergebuissen mußten Homogenisierung und Verdünnung der Hautschabsel erfolgen, anderenfalls bei mehreren Antimykotika eine zu hohe Keimabtötung vorgetäuscht worden wäre. Wegen der vorerst noch hohen Streuung der Ergebnisse können kleinere Wirksamkeitsunterschiede noch nicht sicher erfaßt werden. 3. Nach dem Ergebnis verschiedener Vergleichstests kann in den Testen zu 1. und 2. Schweinehaut als Ersatz für Haut vom Menschen dienen und dürfte damit wesentlich zur Einschränkung von Versuchen am lebenden Tier und von Prüfungen am Menschen beitragen.     

Efficiency of crude and purified fungal antigens in serodiagnosis to discriminate mycotic from other respiratory diseases

Mycotic immunodiagnosis was performed in 186 hospitalized patients with different respiratory diseases, mostly considered as tuberculosis and others with a doubtful diagnosis. Crude histoplasmin, coccidioidin, paracoccidioidin, blastomycin, candidin, aspergillin, and sporotrichin, as well as purified polysaccharide-protein complexes (PPC) of Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were used as antigens. Immune tests used included skin test (ST), gel immunodiffusion (ID), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), complement fixation (CF), and ELISA. A possible association with candidosis was observed in 17% of patients with tuberculosis and diabetes; one presumptive paracoccidioidomycosis, one confirmed aspergillosis, and six cases of active histoplasmosis were determined. Candidin ST showed 29% of positive reactions with an increased frequency in patients between 31 and 55 years of age. CF test showed the highest positivity percentages with crude antigens, specially for Candida antigen (26.3%) and histoplasmin (18.2%). Cross reactions were evident with crude antigens but decreased when PPC's were used in ELISA.     

Isoconazole nitrate in the treatment of tropical dermatomycoses

Summary. A total of 54 patients with culturally proven tropical dermatomycoses, comprising 23 with various types of dermatophytoses, one with foot infection due to Trichosporon beigelii and one with foot infection due to Geotrichum candidum , two with candidoses of the groin and 27 with pityriasis versicolor, were included in a clinical trial of efficacy of 1% isoconazole cream (Travogen^R, Schering, Berlin, Germany). Five patients were not evaluable. A clinical and mycological cure was achieved in 29 cases in 3–4 weeks. In 15 (31%) of the remaining patients treatment was required for 5–6 weeks, while another three patients required treatment for 8 weeks. In two patients the disease proved to be resistant to treatment with the drug.
Zusammenfassung. Insgesamt 54 Patienten mit kulturell gesicherter Dermatomykose, (23 unterschiedliche Dermatophytosen, eine Trichosporon beigelii - und eine Geotrichum candidum -Fußinfektion, 2 Candidosen der Leistengegend und 27 Pityriasis versicolor) wurden in einer klinischen Wirksamkeits-studie mit 1% iger Isoconazol-Creme (Travogen^R, Schering, Berlin, Deutschland) behandelt. Fünf Patienten waren nicht auswertbar. Eine klinische und mykologische Heilung wurde bei 47 von 49 Patienten (96%) erreicht. Bei 29 patienten (59%) wurde die Heilung bereits nach 3–4 Wochen Behandlung erreicht. Weitere 15 Patienten (31%) benötigten 5–6 Wochen und drei Patienten 8 Wochen Behandlungsdauer. Zwei Mykosesituationen erwiesen sich als therapieresistent.     

Large-scale molecular characterization and analysis of gastric cancer

The recent effort by The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA） Network has revealed that gastric cancer, which is a leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate less than 25%, is a much more heterogeneous disease than previously thought. And yet, conventional treatment approaches and clinical trials have assumed it is a single disease. Although it is well known that under the microscope, gastric cancer cells appear quite different, the current classification scheme recognizes two main categories of gastric cancer： diffuse and intestinal.     

A conceptually new treatment approach for relapsed glioblastoma: Coordinated undermining of survival paths with nine repurposed drugs (CUSP9) by the International Initiative for Accelerated Improvement of Glioblastoma Care

To improve prognosis in recurrent glioblastoma we developed a treatment protocol based on a combination of drugs not traditionally thought of as cytotoxic chemotherapy agents but that have a robust history of being well-tolerated and are already marketed and used for other non-cancer indications. Focus was on adding drugs which met these criteria: a) were pharmacologically well characterized, b) had low likelihood of adding to patient side effect burden, c) had evidence for interfering with a recognized, well-characterized growth promoting element of glioblastoma, and d) were coordinated, as an ensemble had reasonable likelihood of concerted activity against key biological features of glioblastoma growth. We found nine drugs meeting these criteria and propose adding them to continuous low dose temozolomide, a currently accepted treatment for relapsed glioblastoma, in patients with recurrent disease after primary treatment with the Stupp Protocol. The nine adjuvant drug regimen, Coordinated Undermining of Survival Paths, CUSP9, then are aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, copper gluconate, disulfiram, ketoconazole, nelfinavir, sertraline, to be added to continuous low dose temozolomide. We discuss each drug in turn and the specific rationale for use- how each drug is expected to retard glioblastoma growth and undermine glioblastoma''s compensatory mechanisms engaged during temozolomide treatment. The risks of pharmacological interactions and why we believe this drug mix will increase both quality of life and overall survival are reviewed.     

Endometrial cancers and predisposition

As nearly 5% of all endometrial cancers occur because of a predisposition, this possibility has systematically to be explored. The hallmarks of predisposition, a young age at diagnosis, a personal or a familial history of cancer, have to be searched systematically. The identification of a predisposition in a family has a major impact on the management of the proband or his relatives. The endometrial cancer main predisposition is Lynch's syndrome. In this review, we will focus on this condition and describe its clinical manifestations, the underlying molecular mechanisms, the cancer risks and the management guidelines. We will also get onto some far less frequent other predispositions.