Frequency of noncontiguous lymph node involvement in patients with resectable nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to investigate the patterns of lymph node spread and the frequency of involvement of noncontiguous lymph node stations in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma who had complete surgical resection. METHODS: All patients who had surgical resection as their sole treatment for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma during the years 1987-1990 were reviewed. All patients were treated similarly. Generally, complete mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed after resection of the primary lesion and N1 lymph nodes. Patients were assessed for patterns of involvement of N1 and N2 lymph node stations. The frequency of noncontiguous involvement of lymph nodes (involvement of N2 lymph nodes without involvement of N1 lymph nodes) was determined. Patient and tumor characteristics were assessed to ascertain whether certain factors were likely to predict this noncontiguous pattern of lymph node spread. RESULTS: During the 4-year period of study, 336 patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma were managed with surgical resection alone. Of the 336, 100 had no involvement of lymph nodes, 108 had involvement of N1 lymph nodes only, 76 had involvement of N1 and N2 lymph nodes, and 52 had involvement of N2 lymph nodes only. Therefore, 52 of all 336 patients (15%) and 52 of 236 patients with lymph node involvement (22%) had noncontiguous lymph node spread. A review of the initial patient and tumor characteristics revealed that patients with a suggestion of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on preoperative computed tomography scans of the chest (compared with negative findings) and patients with T1 and T2 lesions (compared with T3 and T4) were more likely to have noncontiguous lymph node spread; the odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) were 2.18 (1.01-4.71) and 2.82 (1.36-5.84), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Noncontiguous involvement of thoracic lymph nodes occurred in approximately 15% of patients who had complete surgical resection of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. This factor suggests that lack of involvement of N1 lymph nodes does not rule out mediastinal involvement and provides important information for complete surgical staging.     

Risk of prostate carcinoma death in patients with lymph node metastasis

BACKGROUND: The presence of lymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic sign for patients with prostate carcinoma. Results of published reports on survival among patients with lymph node metastasis are difficult to assess because of treatment selections. The extent to which lymph node status will have an impact on a patient's survival is uncertain. METHODS: The authors analyzed 3463 consecutive Mayo Clinic patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostate carcinoma between 1987 and 1993. Of these patients, 322 had lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery, and 297 lymph node positive patients also received adjuvant hormonal therapy within 90 days of surgery. The progression free rate and the cancer specific survival rate were used as outcome endpoints in univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The median follow-up was 6.3 years. Progression was defined by elevation of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) > or = 0.4 ng/mL after surgery, development of local recurrence, or distant metastasis documented by biopsy or radiographic examination. RESULTS: The 5-year and 10-year progression free survival rates (+/- standard error [SE]) for patients with lymph node metastasis were 74% +/- 2% and 64% +/- 3%, respectively, compared with 77% +/- 1% and 59% +/- 2%, respectively, for patients without lymph node metastasis. The 5-year and 10-year cancer specific survival rates were 94% +/- 1% and 83% +/- 4%, respectively, compared with 99% +/- 0.1% and 97% +/- 0.5%, respectively, for patients without lymph node metastasis. Among patients with a single lymph node metastasis, the 5-year and 10-year cancer specific survival rates were 99% +/- 1% and 94% +/- 3%, respectively. After adjustment for extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, Gleason grade, surgical margins, DNA ploidy, preoperative serum PSA concentration, and adjuvant therapy, the hazard ratio for death from prostate carcinoma among patients with a single lymph node metastasis compared with patients who were without lymph node metastasis was 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-5.0; P = 0.478), whereas the hazard ratio for death from prostate carcinoma was 6.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-19.6; P = 0.002) for those with two positive lymph nodes and 4.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-13.0; P = 0.009) for those with three or more positive lymph nodes. There was no significant difference in the progression free survival rate among patients with or without lymph node metastasis in multivariate analysis after controlling for all relevant variables, including treatments (hazard ratio,1.0; 95% CI, 0.7-1.3; P = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with prostate carcinoma who have multiple regional lymph node metastases had increased risk of death from disease, whereas patients with single lymph node involvement appeared to have a more favorable prognosis after radical prostatectomy and immediate adjuvant hormonal therapy. Excellent local disease control was achieved by using combined surgery and adjuvant hormonal therapy in patients with positive lymph nodes.     

Rate of detection of lymph node metastasis is correlated with the depth of submucosal invasion in early stage gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinoma invading the submucosa is often accompanied by lymph node metastasis. However, the relation between the depth of submucosal invasion and the status of metastasis has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to clarify the relation between lymph node status and the histologic features of gastric carcinoma invading the submucosa. METHODS: The histopathology of 118 patients who underwent gastrectomy and lymph node dissection for gastric carcinoma invading the submucosa was examined. These pT1 tumors with invasion of the submucosa were confirmed by histologic examination of the resected specimens. Tumor size, depth of submucosal invasion, histologic type, and macroscopic type were investigated in association with presence or absence of and anatomic level of lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: Among the 118 patients, 16 (14%) had lymph node metastasis, and the status of metastasis significantly correlated with tumor size and depth of submucosal invasion. The frequency of metastasis to perigastric lymph nodes and extragastric lymph nodes was 0% and 0% for < or =1-cm tumors, 5% and 1% for 1- to 4-cm tumors, and 46% and 15% for >4-cm tumors, respectively. There was no lymph from a node metastasis in tumors with less than 300 microm of submucosal invasion. The frequency of lymph node metastasis for tumors with 300-1000 microm and >1000 microm of submucosal invasion were 19% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size and depth of submucosal invasion serve as simple and useful indicators of lymph node metastasis in early stage gastric carcinoma. Optimal lymph node dissection levels are as follows: 1) local resection (D0) for lesions < or =1 cm, 2) limited lymph node dissection (D1) for 1- to 4-cm lesions, and 3) radical lymph node dissection (D2) for lesions >4 cm. When submucosal invasion of a locally resected tumor is more than 300 microm, additional gastrectomy and lymph node dissection are necessary.     

Predictive role of HER-2/neu overexpression and clinical features at initial presentation in patients with extensive stage small cell lung carcinoma

Interlobar lymph node metastases were analyzed in consecutive 284 lung cancer patients with lobar-hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Interlobar lymph node metastases were observed in 46 (16.2%) patients with no difference between right and left cases. On the right side, there was a significant difference in the frequency of inferior interlobar lymph node metastases between upper lobe and middle/lower lobe tumors (P=0.0004), but no difference in the frequencies of superior ones according to primary site. On the left, there was a significant difference in the frequency of interlobar lymph node metastases between upper lobe and lower lobe tumors (P=0.0021). In per-segment analyses, the frequency of inferior interlobar lymph node metastases in segments 1-3 and 6 was significantly lower than in the other total segments (P<0.0001) on the right, and that of interlobar lymph node metastases in the upper division segments (S1-3) was significantly lower than in the other total segments (P=0.0008) on the left. Even limited to one lobe, the patterns of interlobar lymph node metastases were different among the segments in the right lower lobe and the left upper lobe.     

Prognosis after regional lymph node recurrence in patients with stage I-II breast carcinoma treated with breast conservation therapy

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the risk factors for regional lymph node recurrence and the prognosis of patients with regional nodal recurrence after breast conservation therapy for Stage I-II breast carcinoma. METHODS: Between 1977 and 1995, 1293 women with pathologic Stage I and II (T1-2, N0-1) breast carcinoma were treated with breast-conserving therapy including lumpectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and definitive breast irradiation. A total of 39 women (3%) had any regional lymph node recurrence. The median follow-up was 8.5 years (range, 1.5-24 years). RESULTS: Among 39 patients with a regional lymph node recurrence, 10 women had regional recurrence only, 16 had simultaneous locoregional recurrence, and 13 had simultaneous regional and distant recurrence. Regional recurrence occurred in the axillary lymph nodes only (n = 21; 51%), supraclavicular lymph nodes only (n = 8; 23%), internal mammary lymph nodes only (n = 3; 8%), infraclavicular lymph nodes only (n = 3; 8%), or multiple lymph node sites (n = 4; 10%). The median time to regional lymph node recurrence was 3.1 years (range, 0.2-20.9 years). Overall survival after regional-only disease recurrence was 44%, locoregional disease recurrence was 26%, and regional with distant disease recurrence was 12%. Cause-specific survival rates at 10 years for the 3 groups were 44%, 40%, and 12%, respectively. For patients who presented with simultaneous regional and distant metastases, the median survival period was 1.1 years, compared with 5.2 years for women who developed distant disease subsequent to regional recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Regional lymph node recurrence after breast conservation therapy may be salvaged, but is associated with a high rate of either simultaneous or subsequent distant metastatic dissemination and poor overall prognosis.     

Lymph node counts, rates of positive lymph nodes, and patient survival for colon cancer surgery in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study assessed lymph node counts, lymph node status (positive or negative), and survival among patients undergoing colon cancer surgery in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We obtained data from the Ontario Cancer Registry on 960 patients who underwent a major colon cancer resection in years 1991-1993. Patients and hospitals were ranked by lymph node count to correlate lymph node counts and lymph node status. For node-negative patients we assessed the influence of patient, hospital, and tumor factors on lymph node counts and survival. RESULTS: The rate of node-positive patients was similar among the lymph node count groups. For example, the odds ratio of a patient being node positive if the lymph node count was 10-36 versus 1-3 was 1.0 (CI 0.6-1.6, P = 0.42). Among node-negative patients, survival was improved for patients with a high (10-36) versus low (1-3) lymph node count (HR 0.6, CI 0.4-1.0, P = 0.03). No patient, hospital, or tumor factors predicted both a higher lymph node count and improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study of patients undergoing colon cancer surgery, higher lymph node counts did not correlate with increased rates of node-positive status.     

Hepatic lymph node involvement in patients with synchronous multiple liver metastases of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer is generally indicated to patients without extra hepatic lesions. This study was performed to examine the status of hepatic lymph node metastasis as an extra hepatic lesion in patients with synchronous multiple liver metastases of colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 111 hepatic lymph nodes were removed from 33 patients with synchronous liver metastases of colorectal cancer during resection of the primary tumor at the D2- or D3- level. The frequency of hepatic lymph node metastases and factors predictive for hepatic lymph node metastasis were examined. RESULTS: Hepatic lymph node metastasis was detected in nine patients (27%): The sites were classified into three categories: (1) along the hepatic arteries in three, (2) in the hepato-duodenal ligament except the peri-hepatic arterial region in three, and (3) both in three. The serum level of CEA (p = 0.02), CA19-9 (p = 0.05), and the rate of lymph node metastasis of the primary lesion (p = 0.08) were higher or tended to be higher in patients with hepatic lymph node metastases than in those without. There was no significant relationship between the involvement of hepatic lymph nodes and the other clinicopathologic factors examined. CONCLUSION: We should note the frequency of hepatic lymph node metastasis in the treatment of unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer.     

乳腺癌锁骨上转移癌综合治疗分析

目的探讨乳腺癌锁骨上淋巴结转移癌的综合治疗方法.方法所有病例均于术前行新辅助化疗,其中12例乳腺癌锁骨上转移癌患者再行乳癌根治术和颈淋巴结清扫术(手术组),并与15例同期术前行放疗,再行乳癌根治术、化疗和放疗("三明治"疗法)患者(放疗组)对比,观察1～3年存活率和复发时间.结果手术组1年生存12例,1～3年存活7例,复发时间18～47个月;放疗组1年生存12例,1～3年存活4例,复发时间11～43个月.结论乳腺癌锁骨上淋巴结转移癌行乳癌根治术和颈淋巴结清扫术及综合治疗,对提高患者生存率和延长复发时间有积极作用.     

食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移放射治疗的疗效和预后因素分析

目的:探讨食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移放疗后的疗效和预后因素。方法:接受放射治疗的食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移患者共64例,中位随访34个月(3~80个月)。其中食管癌治疗后锁骨上淋巴结转移33例,治疗时发现31例。所有锁骨上转移淋巴结患者均行常规分割放射治疗,总剂量为36~70Gy/5~7周,1·8~2·0Gy/d;其中单纯放疗组43例,放疗联合化疗组16例,放疗联合热疗5例。结果:在锁骨上淋巴结放射治疗结束时23例(35·9%)达CR;30例(46·9%)达PR。全组患者中位生存期13·5个月,最长随访时间80个月。1、3和5年生存率分别为56·3%、9·4%和3·1%。随访结束时37例(57·8%)患者死亡,无病生存患者15例(23·4%),7例患者带瘤生存(10·9%),5例失访。多因素分析显示,锁骨上转移淋巴结的直径(P=0·001)、单侧还是双侧(P=0·015)和转移的数目(P=0·042)对其放射治疗后能否达到CR差异有统计学意义;但对于生存率只有淋巴结的直径差异有统计学意义,P=0·010。结论:在食管癌治疗后发现锁骨上淋巴结转移的患者给予进一步的治疗仍能获得一定的治疗效果,采用综合治疗并未提高患者的长期生存率。     

Wire localization of clip-marked axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients treated with primary systemic therapy

Introduction

Clipping and selective removal of initially suspicious axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients who have been sonographically down-staged by primary systemic therapy improves the accuracy of surgical staging and provides the opportunity for more conservative axillary surgery. This study evaluated whether preoperative ultrasound-guided wire localization of the clipped node is useful for routine clinical practice.

磁共振弥散加权成像诊断颈部淋巴结的临床价值

目的评价颈部淋巴结磁共振(MRI)弥散加权成像(DWI)的可行性,及其在良、恶性淋巴结鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对20例鼻咽癌患者和14例志愿者进行颈部常规MRI和DWI检查,比较两种检查方法对淋巴结的显示能力,并比较正常淋巴结与转移性淋巴结之间表观弥散系数(ADC)差异的统计学意义。扫描采用基于SENSE技术的STIR-EPI-DWI。结果弥散加权成像较常规MRI能更敏感性地显示淋巴结。正常淋巴结的ADC值为(0.975±0.179)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,转移性淋巴结的ADC值为(0.766±0.119)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,两者之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),转移性淋巴结的ADC值明显低于正常淋巴结的ADC值。结论STIR-EPI-DWI能准确和更敏感地显示淋巴结,可作为淋巴结MRI成像的一种新手段,为良恶性淋巴结的鉴别诊断提供了新的方法。     

The prognostic significance of lymph node micrometastasis in patients with esophageal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis is a well known feature of poor prognosis in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. However, a significant proportion of apparently lymph node negative patients die early of metastatic disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of occult lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Lymph node sections from esophagectomy specimens of 78 patients with lymph node negative esophageal carcinoma (49 patients with adenocarcinoma and 29 with squamous cell carcinoma) were cut serially, it toto, and immunostained with the cytokeratin antibody AE1/AE3 and evaluated for occult lymph node metastasis. The results were correlated with the clinical and pathologic features and with patient survival. RESULTS: Fifteen of 49 patients (31%) with adenocarcinoma and 5 of 29 patients (17%) with squamous cell carcinoma had occult lymph node metastasis detected by cytokeratin staining. In the adenocarcinoma patients, the presence of occult lymph node metastasis showed a significant correlation with increasing depth of invasion, but was not associated significantly with any other clinical or pathologic feature. In the squamous cell carcinoma patients, the presence of occult lymph node metastasis did not correlate significantly with any clinical or pathologic parameter, except that patients with occult lymph node metastasis were more likely to have received preoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Occult lymph node metastasis did not correlate with poorer survival rates in patients with either adenocarcinoma (Cox proportional hazards ratio: 1.42; P - 0.46) or squamous cell carcinoma (Cox proportional hazards ratio: 0.86; P = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Occult lymph node metastasis is not an independent poor prognostic feature in esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, the authors do not recommend extensive lymph node sectioning with keratin immunostaining for prognostication of patients with these malignancies.     

FDG-PET for Evaluation of Recurrent Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Surgically Resected Breast Cancer: Adding Spot Images to Whole Body Images

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), spot images were added to whole-body FDG-PET images in a patient with suspected lymph node recurrence of breast cancer. METHODS: FDG-PET spot images were obtained of 44 patients who had undergone surgical resection of breast cancer as were whole-body FDG-PET images. A total of 33 lesions in 19 patients (mean age, 59 years; range, 39-70 years) were diagnosed as lymph node recurrence clinically, and standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated for whole body images and spot images. Lesions were also scored from 1 (not clear) to 3 (very clear) for both the whole body and spot images. RESULTS: For mediastinal lymph node metastases, the SUVs of the spot images (SUVsp) (mean, 4.0; range, 2.1-6.6) were significantly higher than the SUVs of the whole body images (SUVwb) (mean, 3.3; range, 2.1-5.8). For other lymph node metastases (neck, axilla, etc.), there was no significant difference between SUVwb (2.6; 1.4-6.5) and SUVsp (2.8; 1.6-8.1). CONCLUSIONS: By adding spot images, the evaluation of lymph node metastases became easier. Adding spot images to whole-body FDG-PET may be useful.     

现代二野淋巴结清扫食管癌切除术的疗效分析

目的 探讨食管癌切除现代二野淋巴结清扫的手术疗效及临床实际应用价值.方法 1987年6月至2007年12月间,对1690例中下段及上段食管癌患者分别采用Ivor-Lewis术式和Akiyama术式进行现代淋巴结清扫治疗,总结胸腹二野淋巴结转移的发生率以及患者术后1、3、5和10年的生存率.结果 全组患者中,有淋巴结转移713例,转移率为42.2%(713/1690).胸部淋巴结转移665例,占39.3%(665/1690),其中有胸顶气管旁三角区淋巴结转移349例,占20.7%;后上纵隔淋巴结转移444例,占26.3%;下纵隔淋巴结转移307例,占18.2%.腹部淋巴结转移339例,占20.1%.全组患者术后有278例发生312例次各种并发症,并发症的发生率为16.4%(278/1690),其中以肺部并发症为主,共136例次,占43.6%.全组患者的手术死亡率为0.2%.全组患者术后1、3、5和10年生存率分别为88.2%(1388/1574)、63.5%(868/1367)、54.8%(705/1287)和30.8%(232/754).无淋巴结转移患者的5年生存率为76.2%(448/588),有淋巴结转移患者的5年生存率为36.8%(257/699).结论 食管癌切除采用Ivor-Lewis和Akiyama术式可良好地显露胸腹二野,淋巴结清扫彻底,特别是对后上纵隔喉返神经旁、右胸顶气管旁三角区淋巴结的清扫尤为便利.对有淋巴结转移的食管癌患者施行现代二野淋巴结清扫十分必要,能显著提高患者的术后5年生存率.     

Cyclin D1 gene numerical aberration is a predictive marker for occult cervical lymph node metastasis in TNM Stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

BACKGROUND: The management of occult cervical lymph node metastases originating from oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) numerical aberrations in predicting the risk of late lymph node metastases. METHODS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using a BAC clone specific for CCND1, was performed on OSCC specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy from 45 patients with previously untreated TNM Stage I and II (T1-2N0M0) disease who had not undergone elective cervical lymph node dissection. RESULTS: CCND1 numerical aberrations were observed in 15 (33.3%) of the 45 patients and were significantly associated with the mode of invasion of the primary tumor (P = 0.01) and the presence of occult lymph node metastases (P < 0.001). Twelve of these 15 patients (80%) developed late cervical lymph node metastases within 2 years of surgery for primary OSCCs. All patients with cluster-type amplification of CCND1 developed late lymph node metastases. Multivariate analysis showed that only CCND1 numerical aberrations (risk ratio, 8.685%, 95% confidence interval = 2.232-33.802, P = 0.002) independently predicted late cervical lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Aberrations in CCND1 numbers appear to be valuable in identifying patients at high risk of late lymph node metastasis in Stage I and II OSCCs. Analysis of CCND1 numerical aberrations using FISH on FNA biopsy specimens may be useful in selecting patients for elective cervical lymph node dissection.     

CA15-3 RT-PCR检测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结微小转移

目的：探讨检测乳腺癌淋巴结微小转移的新方法。方法：以RT－PCR检测CA15－3 mRNA中一段基因。总RNA是从乳腺癌细胞系MCF－7及原发性乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结提取。结果：CA15－3 mRNA可以MCF－7细胞和19例初发乳腺肿瘤患者中检测到，从良性乳腺疾病中取材的淋巴结不能检测到。通过倍比黧稀释发现CA15－3 RT－PCR是一种很敏感的方法，可以检测到1／10^6个转移的肿瘤细胞。检测的敏感性同免疫组化作了比较，19例患者取材的65个腋窝淋巴结，分别用RT－PCR和免疫组化作检测。在7个淋巴结中的肿瘤细胞微小转移只能通过CA15－3 RT－PCR方法检测到。CA15－3 RT－PCR方法发现2例HE染色和免疫组化染色不能发现的淋巴结有转移肿瘤患者。结论：CA15－3 RT－PCR是比免疫组化和HE染色更敏感的方法，可以避免已有淋巴结微小转移的患者被漏诊。     

血清HE4、NSE、CYFRA21-1检测在肺癌诊断及淋巴结转移监测中的价值

目的:应用Logistic回归和ROC曲线探讨血清人附睾分泌蛋白 4（humanepididymis 4,HE4）、神经元特异度烯醇化酶（neuron specific enolase,NSE）、细胞角蛋白-19片段（cytokerantin-19-fragment,CYFRA21-1）在肺癌诊断和淋巴结转移监测中的意义。方法:采用电化学发光法（electrochemiluminescence）分别检测88例肺癌患者（均经病理确诊）及50例健康对照者血清中的HE4、NSE、CYFRA21-1水平;比较肺癌淋巴结转移与否的HE4、NSE、CYFRA21-1水平变化,并行Logistic回归分析,应用受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）分析HE4、NSE、CYFRA21-1水平对淋巴结转移的意义。结果:肺癌有淋巴结转移组HE4、NSE、CYFRA21-1水平高于无淋巴结转移组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。经Logistic回归分析,肿瘤大小、病理类型、浸润深度、TNM分期、NSE和CYFRA21-1水平是影响肺癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析HE4、NSE、CYFRA21-1在肺癌淋巴结转移与否两组中的水平变化:HE4的曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC)为0.832,P=0.000,95%CI:0.777~0.921;NSE的AUC为0.726,P=0.000,95%CI:0.686~0.817;CYFRA21-1的AUC为0.810,P=0.000,95%CI:0.737~0.907。当HE4的截断值为168.5 pg/L、NSE的截断值为52.6 μg/L、CYFRA21-1的截断值为26.4 μg/L时,其肺癌淋巴结转移的预测价值最佳。结论:检测血清中HE4、NSE、CYFRA21-1对肺癌诊断及淋巴结转移的监测有重要参考价值,同时借助Logistic回归和ROC曲线分析可为临床治疗提供更有价值的帮助。     

A case of gastric cancer with severe lymph node metastasis effectively treated with docetaxel / S-1 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy

A 75-year-old male patient had advanced gastric cancer with severe lymph node metastasis. He was treated with docetaxel 60 mg/body (day 1) and S-1 120 mg/body (2 weeks administration and 1 week rest) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After two courses of this neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the primary lesion and lymph node swelling were remarkably improved. The patient underwent total gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection. The histological effect was judged to be Grade 3, and no viable cancer cell was detected in the primary lesion and lymph node (pCR). Docetaxel and S-1 combination therapy were thought to be an effective method as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with severe lymph node metastasis.     

Decreased immunoreactivity for p27 protein in patients with early-stage breast carcinoma is correlated with HER-2/neu overexpression and with benefit from one course of perioperative chemotherapy in patients with negative lymph node status: results from International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial V

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to clarify the prognostic and predictive value of immunoreactivity for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in patients with early-stage breast carcinoma and to investigate its relation with clinicopathologic features and other markers. METHODS: Immunoreactivity for p27 protein was analyzed on tumor slides from 461 patients who were enrolled in the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial V (median follow-up, 13 years), including 198 patients with lymph node negative disease and 263 patients with lymph node positive disease. Tumors with < 50% immunoreactive neoplastic cells were considered low expressors. Immunoreactivity for p27 was correlated with several clinicopathologic characteristics. Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival were analyzed according to p27 immunoreactivity and treatment group. RESULTS: In the lymph node negative population, decreased p27 immunoreactivity was associated with higher tumor grade (P = 0.001) and HER-2/neu overexpression (P = 0.04). In the lymph node positive population, low p27 expression was associated with higher tumor grade (P = 0.01), low expression of thymidylate synthase (P = 0.001), and higher Ki-67 expression (P = 0.007). DFS was not significantly different according to p27 status in either lymph node negative patients (10-year DFS: low p27 expression, 53% +/- 5%; high p27 expression, 55% +/- 5%) or in lymph node positive patients (10 year DFS: low p27 expression, 33% +/- 4%; high p27 expression, 32% +/- 4%). However, in the lymph node negative population, the benefit of one course of perioperative chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil was confined exclusively to patients with tumors that showed reduced p27 immunoreactivity (P = 0.03; test for interaction). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis indicates that p27 immunoreactivity has little if any prognostic value in patients with early-stage breast carcinoma. However, these findings suggest that, in patients with breast carcinoma who have negative lymph node status, reduced p27 immunoreactivity is associated with HER-2/neu overexpression and may be predictive of a benefit from the early administration of adjuvant chemotherapy.     

Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

A sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been proved to be an accurate method to estimate the axillary lymph node status as a replacement for axillary lymph node dissection (AxLND) in patients with early breast cancer who have not been treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We examined the feasibility and accuracy of performing SNB after NAC. Seventy breast cancer patients treated with NAC were enrolled in the current study during the period between March 2001 and June 2005. NAC performed preoperatively consisted of three to four times of CAF chemotherapy. Moreover, intra-arterial (subclavian artery and internal mammary artery) infusion of epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil was performed in addition to systemic CAF chemotherapy once to three times in patients with large breast tumors or bulky axillary lymph node metastases. The sentinel nodes were successfully identified in 63 out of 70 patients (identification rate: 90%). The mean number of sentinel nodes removed per patient was 1.5 (range 1-6). Of the 43 patients in whom AxLND was performed after the sentinel nodes were identified, 19 (44.2%) had positive sentinel nodes. In 8 of those 19 patients, the sentinel node was the only cancer positive lymph node. Among the 24 patients who had negative sentinel nodes it was found that one patient had a confirmed false negative result, thus yielding a false negative rate of 5%, and a sensitivity of 95%. There was no false negative patient who had a clinically negative lymph node status (N0) before NAC (17 patients), whereas the false negative rate was 6.3% in the subgroup of patients with a clinically positive lymph node status (N1, N2) before NAC (26 patients). As a result, SNB after NAC is thus considered to be able to effectively predict the axillary lymph node status in patients with a clinically negative lymph node status before NAC.