中国人尿苷二磷酸葡糖苷酸转移酶1A基因多态性与伊立替康毒性的相关性

目的评价伊立替康(CVT-11)联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)和亚叶酸钙(LV)治疗晚期大肠癌的毒性与尿苷二磷酸葡糖苷酸转移酶1A(UGT1A)基因多态性的相关性。方法收集70例晚期大肠癌患者及健康志愿者的外周血,提取基因组DNA,PCR法扩增目的基因片段,直接测序法分析UGT1A基因多态性,并与毒性进行相关性分析。结果70例晚期大肠癌患者的3～4度中性粒细胞减少发生率为20.O%(14/70);2～4度迟发性腹泻发生率为22.9%(16/70),其中3-4度迟发性腹泻率仅为5.7%(4/70)。UGT1A1*28的野生基因型TA6/6患者的2-4度迟发性腹泻发生率为15.7%,低于TA6/7和TA7/7基因型的患者(P=0.027)。健康人群和大肠癌患者UGT1A基因家族中各个基因多态性的分布无差别。结论UGT1A1*28的野生基因型TA6/6在中国人中分布频率较高,这也是CPT-11为主方案治疗晚期大肠癌发生严重迟发性腹泻较少的原因。     

UGT1A1*28基因多态性与伊立替康相关毒性及化疗疗效的关系

伊立替康严重的骨髓抑制和迟发性腹泻限制其广泛应用于各种恶性肿瘤的治疗中。伊立替康代谢受到多种基因调控的影响,其中尿苷二磷酸葡苷酸转移酶1A1（uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1,UGT1A1）更是起到了关键性作用。本文从伊立替康所致毒性反应的机制、UGT1A1*28基因多态性与之关系及化疗疗效3个方面进行综述,为肿瘤个体化治疗提供新视角。     

UGT1A1基因多态性在FOLFIRI方案二线治疗转移性结直肠癌中的临床意义

目的 探讨尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶（UGT）1A1基因多态性在FOLFIRI方案二线治疗转移性结直肠癌（mCRC）中的安全性和作为疗效预测指标的价值。方法在FOLFIRI方案化疗前分离mCRC患者外周血中单核细胞,采用荧光定量PCR-HRM法测定UGT1A1基因型。根据NCI CTC 3.0和RECIST 10标准分别评价化疗的不良反应和疗效,并分析UGT1A1基因多态性与不良反应和近期有效率（RR）的关系。用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-rank 检验分析UGT1A1基因型对无进展生存期（PFS）的影响。结果38例患者中,UGT1A1*28位点的野生型（TA6／6）有31例（81.6％）,杂合突变型（TA6／7）2例（5.3％）,纯合突变型（TA7／7）5例（13.2％）;UGT1A1*6位点的野生型（G／G）有28例（73.7％）,杂合突变型（G／A）8例（21.1％）,纯合突变型（A／A）2例（5.3％）。在3～4级延迟性腹泻和中性粒细胞减少的发生率方面,UGT1A1*28的野生型（TA6／6）显著低于TA6／7和TA7／7基因型（P＜0.05）,UGT1A1*6的野生型（G／G）也显著低于G／A和A／A基因型（P＜0.05）。RR和PFS在UGT1A1各种基因型之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 在FOLFIRI方案二线治疗mCRC中,UGT1A1*28位点和UGT1A1*6位点突变可以作为严重的延迟性腹泻和中性粒细胞减少的预测指标,但UGT1A1基因多态性与疗效无关。     

UGT1A1基因多态性与伊立替康治疗结直肠癌不良反应的研究现状

药物遗传基因组学是结直肠癌个体化治疗领域的研究热点。伊立替康在体内转化为活性成分SN38后主要经UGT1A1解毒成SN38G排出体外。UGT1A1发生＊28或＊6突变后功能下降,需减少伊立替康剂量以避免毒副反应。     

UGT1A在伊立替康治疗转移性结直肠癌中的疗效与不良反应预测价值

化疗是转移性结直肠癌（mCRC）的主要治疗手段,伊立替康是mCRC的重要药物,但其存在治疗有效率有限、毒副反应个体差异大的问题。因此需要寻找有效的生物学标志物,筛选出对治疗反应性好、耐受性好的个体以指导临床治疗。尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A（UGT1A）的基因多态性与伊立替康的毒性及疗效均密切相关,但现有研究结果不一致,预测作用存在争议。本文通过Pubmed检索基因多态性与伊立替康相关性的有关文献,综合分析了UGT1A预测伊立替康毒性局限性的原因,可能与人种差异、药物使用剂量不同及与其他化疗药物或靶向药物联合使用有关。UGT1A多位点基因多态性的检测或与羧酸酯酶（CES）、ATP结合盒子（ABC）转运体、CYP3A4、SCOL等多个基因多态性的联合检测可能是提高伊立替康毒性和疗效预测水平的方式之一。     

UGT1A1基因型多态性对伊立替康治疗晚期结直肠癌患者疗效和不良反应的影响

目的探讨尿苷二磷酸葡萄醛酸转移酶1A1(UGT1A1)基因多态性对伊立替康治疗晚期结直肠癌患者疗效及不良反应的影响。方法选取2015年2月至2016年12月间新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的62例晚期结直肠癌患者,所有患者均采用伊立替康、亚叶酸钙和氟尿嘧啶(FOLFIRI方案)进行治疗。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术扩增UGT1A1*28、UGT1A1*6基因片段,分析基因型与不良反应及化疗疗效的关系。结果不同年龄、性别、转移数目、癌症类型和分化程度患者不良反应的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。UGT1A1*28基因非野生型患者3~4度腹泻比例为38.1%,明显高于野生型患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。UGT1A1*6基因非野生型患者3~4度中性粒细胞减少比例为77.8%,明显高于野生型患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);双野生型(DW)、单个位点变异型(SV)和双个位点变异型(DV)不良反应的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);62例患者客观缓解率为40.3%,UGT1A1基因多态性与化疗疗效无明显相关性,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 UGT1A1基因型多态性与伊立替康治疗晚期结直肠癌患者不良反应有一定关系,而与化疗疗效无关。     

UGT1A1基因多态性与伊立替康治疗结直肠癌不良反应的关系

背景与目的：尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A1(uridine diphosphoglucu-ronosyltransferase 1A1,UGTlA1)是伊立替康代谢关键酶,其活性受基因多态性影响显著。本研究探讨结直肠癌患者中,UGT1A1*28和UGT1A1*6基因多态性与伊立替康治疗相关不良反应之间的关系。方法：入组2013年4月—2013年12月于复旦大学附属中山医院肿瘤内科接受治疗的消化道恶性肿瘤患者160例。抽提外周血中基因组DNA,分别采用STR方法和Sanger测序法,检测UGT1A1*28和UGT1A1*6基因型,分析UGT1A1基因多态性分布情况。对其中82例化疗方案中含伊立替康的结直肠癌患者进行随访,记录不良反应发生情况和严重程度,比较不同基因型患者之间的差异。结果：160例消化道肿瘤患者中,UTG1A1*28(启动子TATA盒区域TA重复次数)野生型TA6/6124例(77.5%);杂合子TA6/7 33例(20.5%);纯合子TA7/7 3例(2.0%)。UGT1A1*6位点(211G>A)野生型GG 105例(65.6%),杂合子GA 48例(30.0%);纯合子AA 7例(4.4%)。82例化疗方案中含伊立替康的结直肠癌患者中,*28基因型(TA6/7和TA7/7)显著增加发生3级以上中性粒细胞减少的风险(58.3% vs 0.0%,P<0.001),并增加整体不良反应发生率(76.0% vs 45.6%,P<0.001);*6基因型(GA和AA)、年龄、性别、化疗方案和伊立替康相关不良反应发生无显著相关性。结论：接受伊立替康化疗的结直肠癌患者,UGT1A1*28位点多态性显著增加中性粒细胞减少发生的风险,可预测伊立替康引起的骨髓抑制性不良反应,辅助临床选择合适的化疗方案。     

UGT1A1*28基因多态性与晚期结直肠癌伊立替康化疗疗效及不良反应的关系

目的:尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸转移酶1A1(uridine-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase 1A1, UGT1A1)作为伊立替康重要的药物代谢酶,其基因多态性可显著影响该酶的活性.本研究旨在观察UGT1A1*28基因多态性与晚期结直肠癌伊立替康化疗疗效和不良反应之间的关系.方法:回顾性研究64例接受伊立替康/氟尿嘧啶一线化疗的晚期结直肠癌患者.从患者外周血白细胞中提取DNA,应用直接测序法检测UGT1A1*28 TATA盒基因序列,并分析基因多态性与化疗不良反应和近期疗效的关系.结果: 51例(79.7%)患者的UGT1A1*28基因启动子区TA序列重复6次,为纯合野生型(TA)6/(TA)6;10例(15.6%)患者的基因型为TA序列重复6次和7次的杂合型(TA)6/(TA)7;3例(4.7%)患者的TA序列重复7次,为纯合突变型(TA)7/(TA)7.UGT1A1*28非野生型的基因多态性可增加患者发生Ⅲ度以上腹泻的风险(38.5% vs 9.8%,P=0.035);UGT1A1*28非野生型基因患者接受伊利替康化疗时,需要下调剂量的比率明显高于野生型基因者(46.2% vs 15.7%,P=0.046).64例患者中28例(43.8%)化疗有效,其中UGT1A1*28野生型基因者22例,非野生型基因者6例,2组的反应率差异无统计学意义(46.2% vs 43.1%,P=0.845).结论:在应用伊立替康化疗的患者中,UGT1A1*28基因启动子区TATA盒基因多态性(TA)6/(TA)7或(TA)7/(TA)7基因型可增加晚期结直肠癌患者接受伊立替康化疗后,发生Ⅲ度以上腹泻的风险,但不影响化疗的近期疗效.     

UGT1A1*28基因多态性与FOLFIRI方案化疗致迟发性腹泻的关系

目的 探讨尿苷二磷酸葡糖苷酸转移酶1A1 (UGT1A1)基因多态性与FOLFIRI方案化疗致迟发性腹泻的关系.方法 选取晚期消化道肿瘤患者201例,在FOLFIRI方案化疗前抽取外周血进行UGT1A1* 28基因检测,观察并记录出现迟发性腹泻的情况.分析基因多态性与化疗致3级以上迟发性腹泻的关系.结果 201例晚期消化道肿瘤患者中UGT1A1*28纯合野生型TA6/6占77.11％(155/201),突变型TA6/7和TA7/7共占22.89％(46/201),野生型和突变型1、2级腹泻发生率分别为45.16％ (70/155)和39.13％ (18/46),3、4级腹泻发生率分别为9.68％(15/155)和19.57％(9/46).基因突变型患者3、4级迟发性腹泻的发生率与野生型患者相比差异无统计学意义(x2=3.318,P=0.190).结论 在采用FOLFIRI方案化疗的晚期消化道肿瘤患者中,UGT1A1 * 28基因突变型并未增加患者发生3级以上迟发性腹泻的风险.     

TOPO-1在转移性结直肠癌组织中的表达及与伊立替康化疗的相关性研究

目的　探讨拓扑异构酶1（topoisomerase1,TOPO-1）在转移性结直肠癌组织中的表达,并分析其与伊立替康（CPT-11）化疗疗效的相关性。方法 经病理活检证实为转移性结直肠癌初诊者98例,均接受FOLFIRI方案一线化疗,化疗前检测肿瘤组织TOPO-1的表达水平,分析TOPO-1表达水平与近期疗效的关系,并观察远期疗效。结果 TOPO-1 表达水平与转移性结直肠癌的临床特征无明显相关性（P＞0.05）。高表达组患者RR为52.2%（24/46）,低表达组RR为28.8%（15/52）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。TOPO-1高表达组中位PFS为9.5个月（8~12个月）,低表达组为8.0个月（7~9个月）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。结论 TOPO-1高表达转移性结直肠癌患者可从伊立替康化疗中获得更高的近期疗效和更长的无疾病进展生存时间,可能对伊立替康化疗更敏感。     

UGTIA1基因多态性与IP方案治疗小细胞肺癌毒性和疗效相关性分析

目的：探讨尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖转移酶1A1（UGTIA1）基因多态性与伊立替康联合顺铂（IP方案）治疗广泛期小细胞肺癌的不良反应和疗效相关性。方法：选取中国医学科学院肿瘤医院2009-01-01-2012-12-31初治广泛期小细胞肺癌患者48例,采用伊立替康联合顺铂化疗方案,分析其临床治疗效果和不良反应及其与UGT1A1基因多态性的相关性。结果：48例小细胞肺癌患者IP方案化疗后CR3例,PR32例,SD4侧,PD9例,总有效率为73．0％,疾病控制率为81．3％。主要毒副作用为中性粒细胞减少34例,贫血29例,血小板减少14例,恶心呕吐38例,迟发性腹泻26例,便秘15例,脱发5例,乏力38例,转氨酶升高14例,心电图异常9例。UGT1A1＊28基因多态性的分布为TA6／6野生型基因34例,TA6／7杂合突变型基因11例,TA7／7纯合突变型基因3例;UGT1A1＊6基因多态性的分布为G／C野生型基因33例,A／G杂合突变型基因13例,A／A纯合突变型基因2例。UGT1A1基因多态性与临床疗效无明显相关性,P〉0．05。提示UGT1A1突变型基因可增加患者发生迟发性腹泻的风险,而对中性粒细胞减少无影响。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,UGT1A1＊28、UGT1A1＊6、ECOG评分和治疗周期数对迟发性腹泻有明显影响;同时ECOG评分和治疗周期数对中性粒细胞减少存在影响。结论：UGT1A1突变基因对患者迟发性腹泻有明显影响,UGT1A1基因多态性检测可为临床应用伊立替康联合顺铂相关不良反应的预测提供依据,对临床用药安全具有重要意义。     

UGT1A1 gene variations and irinotecan treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

SN-38 is the active metabolite of irinotecan and it is metabolised through conjugation by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1). The major toxicity of irinotecan therapy is diarrhoea, which has been related to the enzymatic activity of UGT1A1. We examined the influence of the UGT1A1 gene promoter polymorphism in the toxicity profile, in the response rate and in the overall survival (OS) in 95 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with an irinotecan-containing chemotherapy. Genotypes were determined by analysing the sequence of TATA box of UGT1A1 of genomic DNA from the patients. Clinical parameters and genotypes were compared by univariate and multivariate statistical methods. The more frequent adverse effects were asthenia (34 patients), diarrhoea (29 patients) and neutropenia (20 patients). Severe diarrhoea was observed in 7/10 homozygous (70%) and 15/45 heterozygous (33%) in comparison to 7/40 (17%) wild-type patients (P=0.005). These results maintained the statistical significance in logistic regression analysis (P=0.01) after adjustment for other clinical relevant variables. The presence of severe haematological toxicity increased from wild-type patients to UGT1A1(*)28 homozygotes, but without achieving statistical significance. No relationship was found between the UGT1A1(*)28 genotypes and infection, nausea or mucositis. In univariate studies, patients with the UGT1A1(*)28 polymorphism showed a trend to a poorer OS (P=0.09). In the multivariate analysis, the genotype was not related to clinical response or to OS. The role of the UGT1A1 genotype as a predictor of toxicity in cancer patients receiving irinotecan demands the performance of a randomized trial to ascertain whether genotype-adjusted dosages of the drug can help to establish safe and effective doses not only for patients with the UGT1A1(*)28 homozygous genotype but also for those with the most common UGT1A1 6/6 or 6/7 genotype.     

Impact of UGT1A1 genotype on the efficacy and safety of irinotecan-based chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer

The phase III AXEPT study showed the noninferiority of modified capecitabine plus irinotecan (mXELIRI) with or without bevacizumab relative to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with or without bevacizumab as a second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. We evaluated the associations between the UGT1A1 genotype linked to adverse events—caused by irinotecan—and the efficacy and safety of mXELIRI and FOLFIRI. The UGT1A1 genotype was prospectively determined and patients were categorized into three groups according to WT (*1/*1), single heterozygous (SH; *28/*1 or *6/*1), and double heterozygous or homozygous (DHH; *28/*28, *6/*6, or *28/*6). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, response rate, and safety were assessed. The UGT1A1 genotype was available in all 650 randomized patients (WT, 309 [47.5%]; SH, 291 [44.8%]; DHH, 50 [7.7%]). The median OS was 15.9, 17.7, and 10.6 months in the WT, SH, and DHH groups, respectively, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.09; P = .008) for DHH vs WT or SH. The median OS in the mXELIRI and FOLFIRI arms was 18.1 vs 14.3 months (HR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.62-1.03) in the WT group, 16.3 vs 18.3 months (HR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.79-1.36) in the SH group, and 13.0 vs 9.1 months (HR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.39-1.31) in the DHH group, respectively. Modified capecitabine plus irinotecan with or without bevacizumab could be a standard second-line chemotherapy in terms of efficacy and safety regardless of the UGT1A1 genotype.     

The combination of capecitabine and irinotecan in treating 5-Fluorouracil- and Oxaliplatin-pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer

Purpose Since the combination of capecitabine and irinotecan has successfully been used as a first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC), we expected promising results when given as a second-line treatment to metastatic colorectal patients who had been pretreated with 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin. Methods Thirty-three MCRC patients participated in this study and received an oral dose of 1,000 mg/m² capecitabine twice daily on days 1–14 and a dose of 100 mg/m² irinotecan infused over 90 min on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks. Results The overall response rate in intent-to-treat was 33.3% (95% CI, 21.5–58.3%), including one complete response (3.0%) and ten partial responses (30.3%); 12 patients (36.4%) had disease stabilization and only 9 (27.3%) progressed. The median time to progression was 6.7 months (95% CI, 4.8–8.6 months). After a median follow-up time of 12 months, nine patients (27.3%) were still alive with metastatic disease. The median response duration for all patients was 6.7 months (95% CI, 3.9–9.5 months) and the median overall survival was 13.4 months (95% CI, 11.0–15.8 months) with a 1-year survival rate of 55.4%. Myelosuppression was commonly observed; NCI-CTC (v 2.0) grade 3/4 neutropenia, however, occurred in eight (24%) patients and grade 3 anemia was seen in one patient (3%). The most common (grade 3/4) non-hematological toxicity was diarrhea (15%) and the other severe grade 3/4 toxicities included nausea/vomiting in one patient (3%), stomatitis in one patient (3%), hand-foot syndrome in one patient (3%). Conclusions The combination of capecitabine and irinotecan is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, further phase III trials are required to clarify its use in the treatment of metastastic colorectal cancer patients who have been pretreated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin.     

UGT1A and TYMS genetic variants predict toxicity and response of colorectal cancer patients treated with first-line irinotecan and fluorouracil combination therapy

Background:

The impact of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and UDP-glucoronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) germline polymorphisms on the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil (irinotecan/5FU) is still controversial. Our objective was to define a genetic-based algorithm to select patients to be treated with irinotecan/5FU.

Methods:

Genotyping of TYMS (5′TRP and 3′UTR), UGT1A1^*28, UGT1A9^*22 and UGT1A7^*3 was performed in 149 metastatic CRC patients treated with irinotecan/5FU as first-line chemotherapy enrolled in a randomised phase 3 study. Their association with response, toxicity and survival was investigated by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.

Results:

TYMS 3TRP/3TRP genotype was the only independent predictor of tumour response (OR=5.87, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.68–20.45; P=0.005). UGT1A1^*28/^*28 was predictive for haematologic toxicity (OR=6.27, 95% CI=1.09–36.12; P=0.04), specifically for neutropenia alone (OR=6.40, 95% CI=1.11–37.03; P=0.038) or together with diarrhoea (OR=18.87, 95% CI=2.14–166.67; P=0.008). UGT1A9^*1/^*1 was associated with non-haematologic toxicity (OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.07–6.82; P=0.035). Haplotype VII (all non-favourable alleles) was associated with non-haematologic toxicity (OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.12–3.98; P=0.02).

Conclusion:

TYMS and UGT1A polymorphisms influence on tumour response and toxicities derived from irinotecan/5FU treatment in CRC patients. A genetic-based algorithm to optimise treatment individualisation is proposed.